pakkanen
Finnish
(index pa)
Etymology
Related to Estonian pakane, Karelian pakkaine and Veps pakaine.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈpɑkːɑnen]
- Hyphenation: pak‧ka‧nen
Noun
pakkanen
- frost, sub-zero temperature of ambient air
- On kymmenen astetta pakkasta.
- The temperature is ten degrees below zero.
- Pakkanen kiristyy.
- It's getting colder. / The frost is getting worse.
- Talvella 1985–86 oli Suomessa kovat pakkaset.
- The winter of 1985–86 was very cold in Finland.
- (colloquial) in the red (in adessive case)
- Yhtiön tulos on vahvasti pakkasella.
- The company is heavily in the red.
- (colloquial, with locative cases) freezer
- Pistä se pakkaseen.
- Put it in the freezer.
Declension
| Inflection of pakkanen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | pakkanen | pakkaset | |
| genitive | pakkasen | pakkasten pakkasien | |
| partitive | pakkasta | pakkasia | |
| illative | pakkaseen | pakkasiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | pakkanen | pakkaset | |
| accusative | nom. | pakkanen | pakkaset |
| gen. | pakkasen | ||
| genitive | pakkasen | pakkasten pakkasien | |
| partitive | pakkasta | pakkasia | |
| inessive | pakkasessa | pakkasissa | |
| elative | pakkasesta | pakkasista | |
| illative | pakkaseen | pakkasiin | |
| adessive | pakkasella | pakkasilla | |
| ablative | pakkaselta | pakkasilta | |
| allative | pakkaselle | pakkasille | |
| essive | pakkasena | pakkasina | |
| translative | pakkaseksi | pakkasiksi | |
| instructive | — | pakkasin | |
| abessive | pakkasetta | pakkasitta | |
| comitative | — | pakkasineen | |
Derived terms
- pakastaa
Compounds
compounds
- pakkasaalto
- pakkasaamu
- pakkasaste
- pakkasenarka
- pakkasenkestävä
- pakkasenpurema
- pakkashalkeama
- pakkasherra
- pakkashuuru
- pakkasilma
- pakkaskausi
- pakkaskeli
- pakkaslukema
- pakkaslumi
- pakkasmittari
- pakkasneste
- pakkaspäivä
- pakkassää
- pakkastalvi
- pakkasukko
- pakkasvaurio
- pakkasvoide
- pakkasyö