padecer
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portuguese padecer, from Vulgar Latin *patīscere or *patēscere or *patēscō, from Latin patī (“suffer”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pe(i)- (“to hurt”). Compare Spanish padecer.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /pa.deˈse(ʁ)/ [pa.deˈse(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /pa.deˈse(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /pa.deˈse(ʁ)/ [pa.deˈse(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /pa.deˈse(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /pɐ.dɨˈseɾ/ [pɐ.ðɨˈseɾ]
Verb
padecer (first-person singular present padeço, first-person singular preterite padeci, past participle padecido)
- (intransitive, or transitive with de or por or with no preposition) to suffer
- Synonym: sofrer
- O cão padeceu de fome e sede. ― The dog suffered from hunger and thirst.
- Meu irmão padeceu dores praticamente insuportáveis. ― My brother suffered pain that was practically unbearable.
Conjugation
Conjugation of padecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | padecer | |||||
| Personal | padecer | padeceres | padecer | padecermos | padecerdes | padecerem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| padecendo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | padecido | padecidos | ||||
| Feminine | padecida | padecidas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | padeço | padeces | padece | padecemos | padeceis | padecem |
| Imperfect | padecia | padecias | padecia | padecíamos | padecíeis | padeciam |
| Preterite | padeci | padeceste | padeceu | padecemos | padecestes | padeceram |
| Pluperfect | padecera | padeceras | padecera | padecêramos | padecêreis | padeceram |
| Future | padecerei | padecerás | padecerá | padeceremos | padecereis | padecerão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| padeceria | padecerias | padeceria | padeceríamos | padeceríeis | padeceriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | padeça | padeças | padeça | padeçamos | padeçais | padeçam |
| Imperfect | padecesse | padecesses | padecesse | padecêssemos | padecêsseis | padecessem |
| Future | padecer | padeceres | padecer | padecermos | padecerdes | padecerem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | padece | padeça | padeçamos | padecei | padeçam | |
| Negative (não) | não padeças | não padeça | não padeçamos | não padeçais | não padeçam | |
Related terms
- compadecer
- paixão
Further reading
- “padecer” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “padecer” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *patīscere or *patēscere, present active infinitive of *patiscō or *patēscō, from Latin patior, pati (“suffer”). Also found in Old Spanish in the form padir, from the Latin form directly.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /padeˈθeɾ/ [pa.ð̞eˈθeɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /padeˈseɾ/ [pa.ð̞eˈseɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: pa‧de‧cer
Verb
padecer (first-person singular present padezco, first-person singular preterite padecí, past participle padecido)
- (transitive, intransitive) to suffer
- Synonyms: adolecer, sufrir
Conjugation
Conjugation of padecer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | padecer | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | padeciendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | padecido | padecida | |||||
| plural | padecidos | padecidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | padezco | padecestú padecésvos | padece | padecemos | padecéis | padecen | |
| imperfect | padecía | padecías | padecía | padecíamos | padecíais | padecían | |
| preterite | padecí | padeciste | padeció | padecimos | padecisteis | padecieron | |
| future | padeceré | padecerás | padecerá | padeceremos | padeceréis | padecerán | |
| conditional | padecería | padecerías | padecería | padeceríamos | padeceríais | padecerían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | padezca | padezcastú padezcásvos2 | padezca | padezcamos | padezcáis | padezcan | |
| imperfect (ra) | padeciera | padecieras | padeciera | padeciéramos | padecierais | padecieran | |
| imperfect (se) | padeciese | padecieses | padeciese | padeciésemos | padecieseis | padeciesen | |
| future1 | padeciere | padecieres | padeciere | padeciéremos | padeciereis | padecieren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | padecetú padecévos | padezca | padezcamos | padeced | padezcan | ||
| negative | no padezcas | no padezca | no padezcamos | no padezcáis | no padezcan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of padecer (c-zc alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive padecer | |||||||
| dative | padecerme | padecerte | padecerle, padecerse | padecernos | padeceros | padecerles, padecerse | |
| accusative | padecerme | padecerte | padecerlo, padecerla, padecerse | padecernos | padeceros | padecerlos, padecerlas, padecerse | |
| with gerund padeciendo | |||||||
| dative | padeciéndome | padeciéndote | padeciéndole, padeciéndose | padeciéndonos | padeciéndoos | padeciéndoles, padeciéndose | |
| accusative | padeciéndome | padeciéndote | padeciéndolo, padeciéndola, padeciéndose | padeciéndonos | padeciéndoos | padeciéndolos, padeciéndolas, padeciéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative padece | |||||||
| dative | padéceme | padécete | padécele | padécenos | not used | padéceles | |
| accusative | padéceme | padécete | padécelo, padécela | padécenos | not used | padécelos, padécelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative padecé | |||||||
| dative | padeceme | padecete | padecele | padecenos | not used | padeceles | |
| accusative | padeceme | padecete | padecelo, padecela | padecenos | not used | padecelos, padecelas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative padezca | |||||||
| dative | padézcame | not used | padézcale, padézcase | padézcanos | not used | padézcales | |
| accusative | padézcame | not used | padézcalo, padézcala, padézcase | padézcanos | not used | padézcalos, padézcalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative padezcamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | padezcámoste | padezcámosle | padezcámonos | padezcámoos | padezcámosles | |
| accusative | not used | padezcámoste | padezcámoslo, padezcámosla | padezcámonos | padezcámoos | padezcámoslos, padezcámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative padeced | |||||||
| dative | padecedme | not used | padecedle | padecednos | padeceos | padecedles | |
| accusative | padecedme | not used | padecedlo, padecedla | padecednos | padeceos | padecedlos, padecedlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative padezcan | |||||||
| dative | padézcanme | not used | padézcanle | padézcannos | not used | padézcanles, padézcanse | |
| accusative | padézcanme | not used | padézcanlo, padézcanla | padézcannos | not used | padézcanlos, padézcanlas, padézcanse | |
Derived terms
- padecimiento m
Related terms
- compadecer
- paciente, paciencia
- pasión
Further reading
- “padecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014