-ne
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ne"
Chuukese
Suffix
-ne
- (added to tense adverbs suffixed with -pwe) quickly, soon
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse -na, compare Swedish -na.
Suffix
-ne
- Used with some adjectives to form inchoative verbs meaning "to become [adjective]".
- gul (“yellow”) + -ne → gulne (“become yellow”)
- From adjectives, forms causative verbs meaning "to make [adjective]".
Derived terms
Danish terms suffixed with -ne
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-inen. Cognate with Finnish -inen.
Suffix
-ne (genitive -se, partitive -set or -st, comparative -sem, superlative kõige -sem)
- -al, -ic, -ous; creates adjectives from nouns indicating a relationship or property.
- -en; creates adjectives indicating the material of which something is made.
Inflection
Note that words with suffix -line decline differently.
Inflection of -ne (ÕS type 10/soolane, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ne | -sed |
| accusative | -se | -sed |
| genitive | -se | -ste |
| partitive | -st | -seid |
| illative | -sesse | -stesse -seisse |
| inessive | -ses | -stes -seis |
| elative | -sest | -stest -seist |
| allative | -sele | -stele -seile |
| adessive | -sel | -stel -seil |
| ablative | -selt | -stelt -seilt |
| translative | -seks | -steks -seiks |
| terminative | -seni | -steni |
| essive | -sena | -stena |
| abessive | -seta | -steta |
| comitative | -sega | -stega |
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -ne
See also
- -line
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-nek. Probably related to the essive suffix *-na.
Suffix
-ne
- The suffix used to form the comitative case. It denotes companionship and ownership, and is written where English would use "together with (one's possession)".
- Menin ruskeine koirineni.
- I went together with my brown dog.
- Tiibet on mielenkiintoinen maa suurine vuorineen.
- Tibet is a fascinating land, together with its great mountains.
Usage notes
- Relatively rare in spoken Finnish. The idea of comitative is more often expressed with other structures, particularly the postposition kanssa (“together with”).
- Grammatically comitative is always plural, even if used of a singular object.
- In nouns the suffix -ne is appended with the appropriate possessive suffix. In Wiktionary the declension tables of Finnish nouns show the comitative with the 3rd person suffix -en to form -neen.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-neˣ/, [-ne̞(ʔ)]
Suffix
-ne
- (colloquial, dialectal) Alternative form of -inen.
- (colloquial, dialectal) Alternative form of -nen.
Etymology 3
-na + -e
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-neˣ/, [-ne̞(ʔ)]
Suffix
-ne
- Forms diminutives.
Alternative forms
- -n
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -ne (nominal)
Anagrams
- -en, en
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɛ]
Suffix
-ne
- (personal suffix) Used to form the third-person singular present tense of verbs (conditional mood, indefinite conjugation).
- kér (“to ask”) → kérne (“he/she would ask”)
Usage notes
Conditional indefinite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -nék | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anék | -enék | ||
| te | 2nd person singular | -nál | -nél | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anál | -enél | ||
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | -na | -ne | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -ana | -ene | ||
| mi | 1st person plural | -nánk | -nénk | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anánk | -enénk | ||
| ti | 2nd person plural | -nátok | -nétek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anátok | -enétek | ||
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nának | -nének | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anának | -enének | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (personal suffix) Harmonic variants:
- -na is added to most back vowel verbs
- vár (“to wait”) → várna (“he/she would wait”)
- -ne is added to most front vowel verbs
- kér (“to ask”) → kérne (“he/she would ask”)
- -ana is added to back vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t (exceptions áll, száll, varr, forr, lát)
- mond (“to say something”) → mondana (“he/she would say something”)
- tanít (“to teach”) → tanítana (“he/she would teach”)
- -ene is added to front vowel verbs ending in two consonants or in a long vowel + t
- fest (“to paint”) → festene (“he/she would paint”)
- segít (“to help”) → segítene (“he/she would help”)
- -na is added to most back vowel verbs
See also
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Irish
Alternative forms
- -e (used after -nn in pronouns)
- -na (used after velarized consonants and back vowels)
Etymology
From Old Irish -ni.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nʲə/
Suffix
-ne
- emphatic suffix of the first-person plural; used after palatalized consonants and front vowels
Usage notes
Spelled with a hyphen after n, otherwise without a hyphen (but reduced to -e and spelled without a hyphen after -nn in pronouns).
- Added to nouns (or adjectives modifying a noun) in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed:
- ár n-athairne ― our father
- ár gcapall donn-na ― our brown horse
- Added to pronouns (both simple and prepositional) to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
- againne ― at us
- sinne, muidne ― we, us
- Added to synthetic verb forms to add emphasis to the subject:
- cloisfimidne ― we will hear
- chualamarna ― we heard
Derived terms
Irish terms suffixed with -ne
Related terms
- -sa
- -san
Italian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ne/
- Hyphenation: -ne
Etymology 1
Enclitic form of ne.
Pronoun
-ne (enclitic)
- Alternative form of ne:
- (adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English
- Una volta entrato nel labirinto, non riuscì più ad uscirne.
- Once he entered the labyrinth, he couldn't get out of there.
- Arrivò a Roma, solo per ripartirne l'indomani.
- She arrived at Rome, just to leave the following day.
- (literally, “She arrived at Rome, just to leave from there the tomorrow.”)
- from this; from that; from these; from those, sometimes not translated in English
- Con un po' di fortuna, potrebbe venirne un bel guadagno.
- With a little luck, it could make a good profit.
- (literally, “With a bit of luck, could come from that a nice profit.”)
- Traine la conclusione che preferisci.
- Make of that whatever you want.
- (literally, “Take from that the conclusion you prefer.”)
- about this; about that; about these; about those
- Spero vorrai parlarne con qualcuno.
- I hope you're going to talk to someone about that.
- (literally, “I hope you will want to talk about that with someone.”)
- Credo ti convenga abituarti a sentirne parlare.
- I think you'd better get used to hearing about that.
- (literally, “I believe to you ought to accustom yourself to hearing about that talk.”)
- of this; of that; of these; of those, sometimes not translated in English
- La torta era squisita. Posso averne un'altra fetta?
- The cake was delicious. May I have another slice?
- (literally, “The cake was delicious. Can I have of that another slice?”)
- È successo tre giorni fa! Come fai a non ricordartene?
- It happened three days ago! How can you not remember that?
- (literally, “It happened three days ago! How do you do to not remember of that?”)
- Vuoi un po' di mele? Eccotene una dozzina.
- Would you like some apples? Here's a dozen for you.
- (literally, “Do you want a few of apples? Here to you of them a dozen.”)
- for this; for that; for these; for those, sometimes not translated in English
- Continuo a non capirne la ragione.
- I still don't get the reason for that.
- (literally, “I keep to not understand for that the reason.”)
- Ha detto di non averne bisogno.
- She said she didn't need that.
- (literally, “She said of not have for that need.”)
- intensive particle, used in forms of verbs where it indicates a particular way of carrying out the verb's action
- andare (“to go”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → andarsene (“to go about (in a particular way)”)
- venire (“to come”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → venirsene (“to come about (in a particular way)”)
- uscire (“to go out; to come out”) + -si (enclitic reflexive pronoun) + -ne → uscirsene (“to say surprisingly or unexpectedly”) (familiar)
- Only used in volerne (“to hold a grudge”)
- Only used in andarne (“to be at stake”)
- (adverbial) from there; of there, sometimes not translated in English
Usage notes
- The enclitic is suffixed either to certain verb forms or to ecco.
- It can be suffixed to infinitive verb forms. In this case, the final -e of the verb is dropped:
- parlare + -ne → parlarne
- sapere + -ne → saperne
- sentire + -ne → sentirne
- If the infinitive form ends in -arre, final -re is dropped:
- trarre + -ne → trarne
- If the infinitive form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- approfittarsi + -ne → approfittarsene
- farsi + -ne → farsene
- If the personal pronoun in question is -gli, an -e- is inserted between the pronoun and -ne:
- dargli + -ne → dargliene
- It can also be suffixed to imperative verb forms:
- prendi + -ne → prendine
- prendete + -ne → prendetene
- If the imperative form includes an enclitic personal pronoun, -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- prenditi + -ne → prenditene
- prendetevi + -ne → prendetevene
- If the personal pronoun in question is -gli, an -e- is inserted between the pronoun and -ne:
- dagli + -ne → dagliene
- If ecco has an enclitic personal pronoun suffixed (eccomi, eccoti, eccoci, eccovi), -ne is appended after that. In that case, the -i ending of the personal pronoun changes to -e:
- eccoti + -ne → eccotene
- eccovi + -ne → eccovene
- If the personal pronoun in question is -gli, an -e- is inserted between the pronoun and -ne:
- eccogli + -ne → eccogliene
- It can be suffixed to infinitive verb forms. In this case, the final -e of the verb is dropped:
Derived terms
Italian terms suffixed with -ne
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix
-ne
- (obsolete, chiefly poetry, now only, regional) an epithetic syllable appended to oxytone words in order to make them paroxytone
- early 14th century, Dante, “Canto XVIII”, in Inferno, lines 86–87:
- Quelli è Iasón, che per cuore e per senno
li Colchi del monton privati féne.- That is Jason, who, through courage and wits, deprived the Colchians of the fleece.
-
Further reading
- ne1 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
- -ne in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Latin
Alternative forms
- -n
Etymology
From ne (“not”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ne/, [nɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ne/, [ne]
Particle
-ne (interrogative enclitic)
- Added to the end of a word in a phrase (usually the first word) to make it a question.
- Nihilne in mentem?
- Does nothing suggest itself to your mind?
- Ah, pergisne?
- Ah, at it again?
- Quid tandem te impedit? Mosne maiorum?
- What hinders you? The customs of the ancestors?
- Potesne mihi succurrere, quaeso?
- Can you help me, please?
- or… (introduces a question or an alternative)
Usage notes
- A question requiring an answer of "yes" or "no" is formed by adding -ne to the emphatic word:
- Is tibi mortemne vidētur aut dolōrem timēre?
- Does it seem to you to be death that he fears or pain?
- Hīcine vir usquam nisi in patriā moriētur?
- Shall this man die anywhere but in his native land?
- Tūne id veritus es?
- Did you fear that?
- The enclitic -ne is sometimes omitted.
- Patēre tua cōnsilia nōn sentīs?
- Do you not see that your schemes are manifest?
- When -ne is added to a negative word (such as nōnne) an affirmative answer is expected.
- Nōnne animadvertis?
- Aren't you paying attention?
Derived terms
- nōnne
- anne
- satine/satin
- scin
Descendants
- Sicilian: -ni (enclytic euphonetic particle)
See also
- -que
- -ve
- -ce
Latvian
Alternative forms
- -atne
- -otne
- -sne
- -tne
Suffix
-ne
- A variant of -tne; added to adjectives or verbs to form abstract nouns.
Derived terms
Latvian terms suffixed with -ne
Maquiritari
Alternative forms
- (allomorph after i) -ñe
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [-ne]
Suffix
-ne
- Forms the singular of the distant past perfective tense when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person.
- (in conjunction with other suffixes) Marks the distant past tense in general when at least one of the arguments of the verb is not third-person.
Usage notes
This suffix can cause syllable reduction.
Derived terms
- -a'kene
- -akene
- -akento
- -kene
- -neto
- -töne
Suffix
-ne
- Intensifier used especially in contexts of indignation or exasperation.
Usage notes
This suffix causes any vowel it attaches to to lengthen.
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-ne”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 213–222
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “-:ne”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 162
Old Irish
Alternative forms
- -ine
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *-inyos.[1][2] Cognate with Proto-Brythonic *-ɨnn, *-enn.
Suffix
-ne
- Forms singulatives of certain plural nouns.
- grán (“grain”) + -ne → gráinne (“a grain”)
- folt (“hair”) + -ne → foiltne (“a hair”)
- froích (“heather”) + -ne → froíchne (“a sprig of heather”)
- Forms abstract derivatives of certain nouns.
- sreng (“string, cord”) + -ne → sringne (“umbilical cord”)
Usage notes
This suffix appears to only have been weakly productive. There are several instances of singulatives suffixed with -ne that are additionally prefixed with óen (“one”), which suggests that -ne was sometimes considered insufficient to denote singulativity by itself.[1] Beyond Old and Middle Irish the suffix is only found in fossilized forms.
References
- Irslinger, Britta (2010), “Les dérivés gallois, cornique -yn/-en, breton -enn et irlandais -ne: fonction et sémantique”, in La Bretagne Linguistique, page 57-58
- Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 260
Scottish Gaelic
Suffix
-ne
- -selves (emphatic)
Usage notes
- Added to nouns in the presence of the possessive adjective to emphasize the possessor rather than the thing possessed (NB: Ignores broad/slender rule):
- ar n-athair-ne -- our father
- ar càr-ne -- our friend
- Added to prepositional pronouns to add emphasis (not to create a reflexive pronoun):
- Used with first-person plural (e.g. againne).
Derived terms
Scottish Gaelic terms suffixed with -ne
See also
- -sa
- -san
- -se
Swedish
Suffix
-ne
- (archaic) Marker of definiteness on masculine nouns in the plural
- platser (“places”) + -ne → platserne (“the places”)
- Synonym: -na (modern, feminine)
Usage notes
- The difference between -ne and -na is that the former was used for masculine nouns, while the latter was used for feminine, a category lost in modern Swedish, which has merged the two genders into the so-called common gender. Thus, the definite of stenar would be "stenarne", while the definite of kvinna would be "kvinnorna", the same as the modern form.
Anagrams
- -en, en
Taos
Suffix
-ne
- Duoplural number inflection. On nouns in gender III.6, it indicates either collective number or singular noncount (mass) and has corresponding singular agreement marking on verb-forms. (See also: -na, -ną, -nemą.)