ik
See also: IK, Ik, ik', ik-, -ik, and -ík
Translingual
Symbol
ik
- (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Inupiaq.
English
- Wiktionary does not have any English dictionary entry for this term. This is most likely because this term does not meet our criteria for inclusion (yet).
- Some information about this term is available in Wiktionary's entry on the Southern dialectal variant of this pronoun, ich, and in Wiktionary's entry on I.
- You can help us collect durably archived uses of this word at Citations:ik.
- If this term meets our criteria for inclusion, please create an entry for it or request that it be created.
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ək/
Pronoun
ik
- (Cape Afrikaans or archaic) Alternative form of ek.
Albanian
Verb
ik
- second-person singular imperative of iki
Angguruk Yali
Noun
ik
- water
References
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Danish
Adverb
ik
- Alternative form of ik'
Dutch
Alternative forms
- ick
- ikke
Etymology
From Middle Dutch ic, from Old Dutch ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Compare Low German ik, West Frisian ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.See I (English, etymology 3).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (stressed) /ɪk/, (unstressed) /ək/
audio (file) - Hyphenation: ik
- Rhymes: -ɪk
Pronoun
ik
- I (first-person singular personal pronoun)
Inflection
Dutch personal pronouns
| subject | object | possessive | reflexive | genitive5 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | full | unstr. | pred. | ||
| 1st person | ik | 'k1 | mij | me | mijn | m'n1 | mijne | me | mijner, mijns |
| 2nd person | jij | je | jou | je | jouw | je | jouwe | je | jouwer, jouws |
| 2nd person archaic or regiolectal | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
| 3rd person masculine | hij | ie1 | hem | 'm1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
| 3rd person feminine | zij | ze | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | haar | h'r1, 'r1, d'r1 | hare | zich | harer, haars |
| 3rd person neuter | het | 't1 | het | 't1 | zijn | z'n1 | zijne | zich | zijner, zijns |
| plural | |||||||||
| 1st person | wij | we | ons | – | ons, onze2 | – | onze | ons | onzer, onzes |
| 2nd person | jullie | je | jullie | je | jullie | je | – | je | – |
| 2nd person archaic or regiolectal6 | gij | ge | u | – | uw | – | uwe | u | uwer, uws |
| 2nd person formal | u | – | u | – | uw | – | uwe | zich | uwer, uws |
| 3rd person | zij | ze | hen3, hun4 | ze | hun | – | hunne | zich | hunner, huns |
| 1) Not as common in written language. 2) Inflected as an adjective. 3) In prescriptivist use, used only as direct object (accusative). 4) In prescriptivist use, used only as indirect object (dative). | 5) Archaic. Nowadays used for formal, literary or poetic purposes, and in fixed expressions. 6) To differentiate from the singular gij, and in a similar vein to "you lot" or "you guys" in English, it is common to use gijlui ("you people") or gijlieden ("you people") or one of their contracted variants, and their corresponding objects, possessives and reflexives, in the plural. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- ikvorm
- ikzelf
Descendants
- Afrikaans: ek
- Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
- Jersey Dutch: äk
- Petjo: ik
- Skepi Creole Dutch: ek
References
- Friedrich Kluge (1989), “ik”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
German Low German
Alternative forms
- (enclitic) -'k, 'k
- (Waldeckisch, when strongly emphasised; scientific spelling) ikə
- ick
- (as alternative form of ick, enclitic) 'ck
- (as alternative form of ick, when strongly emphasised, rare) icke
- (Eastphalia, Lippe, County of Mark, Ruhr area) ek, eck
- (Low Prussian) öck, eck
Etymology
From Middle Low German ik, from Old Saxon ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
Pronoun
ik
- (most northern and western dialects) I (first person singular pronoun)
- Ik kem, ik sach, ik wünd.
- I came, I saw, I conquered. (Veni, vidi, vici. Attributed to Julius Caesar.)
Declension
In Störmede:[1]
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||||
| Singular | Nominative | ik | diu | hoi | soi | iät |
| (Genitive) | (van meune) | (van deune) | (van seune) | (van iähre) | (van seune) | |
| Dative | meu | deu | iähne | iähr | iähne | |
| Accusative | soi | iät | ||||
| Plural | Nominative | weu | jeu | soi | ||
| (Genitive) | (van use) | (van jiue) | (van iähre) | |||
| Dative | us | jiu | iähnen | |||
| Accusative | soi | |||||
Related terms
- mien (“my, mine”, possessive); mi (“me”, dative (also generally used in place of the accusative)); mik; wi pl (“we”)
- Sauerländisch: mey, mik
- Paderbornisch: mey/my, mik; plural: wey/wy
See also
- (Plautdietsch) ekj, etj
References
- Franz Kemper: Stürmeder Platt: Wi et lutt düt un dat. 1998, p. 18
Gothic
Romanization
ik
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌺
Kaqchikel
Noun
ik
- sun
- chili
Latvian
Adverb
ik
- every
Marshallese
Noun
ik
- Alternative spelling of ek
Middle English
Etymology
From Old English ic, perhaps with influence from Old Norse ek; both from Proto-Germanic *ik, *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂ (“I”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ik/
Pronoun
ik
- (chiefly Northern dialectal) Alternative form of I
- circa 1300, Homilies:
- Forthi wil I of my pouert, Schau sum thing that ik haf in hert, [...]
- circa 1300, Cursor Mundi:
- Her ik haf a litil spend, In word eftir þat ik entend, [...]
- circa 1390, Chaucer:
- But ik am oold me list not pleye for age.
- circa 1300, Homilies:
Descendants
- Scots: ik
Middle Low German
Alternative forms
- ek
Etymology
From Old Saxon ik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
Pronoun
ik
- I (first person singular nominative)
Declension
Middle Low German personal pronouns
| nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
| 2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
| 3rd person singular | |||||
| m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
| n | it (et) | ||||
| f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
| 1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
| 2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
| 3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en, ēnen, ȫnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. | |||||
Descendants
- Low German: ik
- German Low German: ik, ek
- Low Prussian: eck, öck
- German Low German: ik, ek
North Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Dutch ik, German Low German ik, German ich, English I, Danish jeg.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
Pronoun
ik
- I
Old Dutch
Alternative forms
- ic
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik.
Pronoun
ik
- I
Declension
Old Dutch personal pronouns
| 1st person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ik, ic, ih | wī, wīr |
| Accusative | mī, mik, *mic | uns, unsig |
| Genitive | mīn | unsa, *unser |
| Dative | mī | uns, unsig |
| 2nd person | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | thu, tu | gī, ir |
| Accusative | thī, thik, *thic | iu, |
| Genitive | thīn | iuwa, *iuwer |
| Dative | thī | iu |
| 3rd person | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | hē, hie | sia | it |
| Accusative | imo | sia | it |
| Genitive | sīn, is | iro | is |
| Dative | imo | iro | imo |
| Plural | |||
| Nominative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
| Accusative | sia, sie (masc. plur.) | ||
| Genitive | iro | ||
| Dative | im |
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: ic, icke
- Dutch: ik
- Afrikaans: ek
- Berbice Creole Dutch: eke
- Jersey Dutch: äk
- Petjo: ik
- Skepi Creole Dutch: ek
- Dutch: ik
Further reading
- “ik”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Saxon ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
- I
Inflection
Old Frisian personal pronoun declensions
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| nominative | ik | thū | hī | hiū, hiō | hit | wī | jī | hiā |
| accusative | mī | thī | hine | hiā | hit | ūs | jū, jō | hiā |
| dative | mī | thī | him | hire, hiāre | him | ūs | jū, jō | him, hirem, hiārem |
| genitive | mīn | thīn | sīn | hire, hiāre | sīn | ūser | jūwer | hira, hiāra |
Descendants
- North Frisian: ick, ik
- Saterland Frisian: iek
- West Frisian: ik
Old Saxon
Alternative forms
- ic
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Compare Old Frisian ik, Old English iċ, Old Dutch ik, Old High German ih, Old Norse ek, Gothic 𐌹𐌺 (ik).
Pronoun
ik
- I
Declension
Old Saxon personal pronouns
| Personal pronouns | |||||
| Singular | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | ik | thū | hē | siu | it |
| Accusative | mī, me, mik | thī, thik | ina | sia | |
| Dative | mī | thī | imu | iru | it |
| Genitive | mīn | thīn | is | ira | is |
| Dual | 1. | 2. | - | - | - |
| Nominative | wit | git | - | - | - |
| Accusative | unk | ink | - | - | - |
| Dative | |||||
| Genitive | unkero | inker, inka | - | - | - |
| Plural | 1. | 2. | 3. m | 3. f | 3. n |
| Nominative | wī, we | gī, ge | sia | sia | siu |
| Accusative | ūs, unsik | eu, iu, iuu | |||
| Dative | ūs | im | |||
| Genitive | ūser | euwar, iuwer, iuwar, iuwero, iuwera | iro | ||
Descendants
- Middle Low German: ik, ek
- German Low German: ik
Pass Valley Yali
Noun
ik
- water
References
- Christiaan Fahner, The morphology of Yali and Dani (1979), page 157
Pwaamei
Noun
ik
- louse
References
- Jim Hollyman, K. J. Hollyman, Études sur les langues du Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (1999), page 52
Salar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *īk. Cognate with Azerbaijani iy, Turkish iğ, Turkmen īk.
Pronunciation
- (Shixiang, Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): [ix]
Noun
ik
- spindle
References
- Potanin, G.N. (1893), “их”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian), page 427
Scots
Etymology
From Middle English ik, from Old English ic (“I”, pronoun), from Proto-West Germanic *ik (“I”, pronoun).
Pronoun
ik
- (rare) I. Now mostly used to be emphatical.
- Wha did that? Ik!
- Who did that? I did!
- 1375, John Barbour, The Brus:
- For Ik am he, I say the soithly, [...]
- For I am he, I tell you truthfully, […]
Synonyms
- A
- I
See also
- mei
- ma
- mine
Tobian
Etymology
From Proto-Austronesian *Sikan.
Noun
ik
- Fish
Alternative forms
- ih
Vandalic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *ek
Pronoun
ik
- I
Refs
- https://glosbe.com/en/xvn/I
Wastek
Noun
ik
- wind
References
- wordlist
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian ik, from Proto-West Germanic *ik, from Proto-Germanic *ek, *ik, from Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɪk/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /k/
Pronoun
ik
- I (first person singular nominative pronoun)
Inflection
West Frisian personal pronouns
| Number | Person | Nominative | Objective | Possessive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Reflexive | Determiner | Pronoun | ||||
| Singular | First | ik | my | mysels | myn | mines | |
| Second | Informal | do/dû1 | dy | dysels | dyn | dines | |
| Formal | jo | jo | josels | jo | jowes | ||
| Third | Masculine | hy | him | himsels | syn | sines | |
| Feminine | sy/hja1 | har | harsels | har | harres | ||
| Neuter | it | it | himsels | syn | sines | ||
| Plural | First | wy | ús | ússels | ús | uzes | |
| Second | jim(me) | jim(me) | jimsels/jinsels | jim(me) | jimmes | ||
| Third | sy/hja1 | har(ren) | harsels | har(ren) | harres | ||
| 1. Now mostly archaic and unused | |||||||
Further reading
- “ik (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Zealandic
Pronoun
ik
- I