curse

curse

See also: cursé

English

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /kɜːs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /kɝs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)s

Etymology 1

From Middle English curse, kors, cors, curs, from Old English cors, curs (“curse”), of unknown origin.

Noun

curse (plural curses)

1. A supernatural detriment or hindrance; a bane.

   Synonyms: ban, hex, jinx, malediction

2. A prayer or imprecation that harm may befall someone.

   Synonyms: anathema, malediction

3. The cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune; that which brings evil or severe affliction; torment.

   Synonyms: affliction, plague

   • c. 1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, The Famous Historie of Troylus and Cresseid. […] (First Quarto), London: […] G[eorge] Eld for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published 1609, OCLC 951696502, [Act II, scene iii]:

     The common curſe of mankinde, Folly and Ignorance […]

4. A vulgar epithet.

   Synonyms: cussword, expletive; see also Thesaurus:swear word

   • 2013 June 14, Sam Leith, “Where the profound meets the profane”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 1, page 37:

     Swearing doesn't just mean what we now understand by "dirty words". It is entwined, in social and linguistic history, with the other sort of swearing: vows and oaths. Consider for a moment the origins of almost any word we have for bad language – "profanity", "curses", "oaths" and "swearing" itself.

5. (slang, dated, derogatory, usually with "the") A woman's menses.

   Synonyms: courses, period; see also Thesaurus:menstruation

Derived terms

• a blessing and a curse
• commentator's curse
• Corsican curse
• curse of dimensionality
• curse of Scotland
• curse of the ninth
• curse tablet
• curse word
• not worth a curse
• not worth a tinker's curse
• Ondine's curse
• Paterson's curse
• Patterson's curse
• tinker's curse
• winner's curse

 

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: kosi

Translations

supernatural detriment

Albanian: nëmë (sq) f Arabic: لَعْنَة‎ (ar) f (laʿna) Armenian: անեծք (hy) (aneckʿ) Awadhi: साप (sāp) Azerbaijani: lənət (az) Belarusian: пракля́цце n (prakljáccje) Bengali: অভিশাপ (bn) (ôbhiśap) Breton: mallozh (br) Bulgarian: прокля́тие (bg) n (prokljátie) Catalan: maledicció (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 詛咒／诅咒 (zh) (zǔzhòu) Cornish: molleth f Czech: kletba (cs) f, prokletí n Danish: forbandelse c Dutch: vloek (nl) m, verwensing (nl) Esperanto: malbeno (eo) Finnish: kirous (fi) French: mauvais sort, malédiction (fr) f Galician: maldizón f, xura f, estocación f, malafada f, perdamá f Georgian: წყევლა (c̣q̇evla) German: Fluch (de) m, Verwünschung (de) f, Verdammnis (de) f Greek: κατάρα (el) f (katára) Ancient: ἀρά f (ará), κατάρα f (katára) Hebrew: קְלָלָה‎ (he) f (k'lalá) Hindi: शाप (hi) m (śāp), अभिशाप (hi) m (abhiśāp) Hungarian: átok (hu) Icelandic: bölvun (is) f Interlingua: malediction Irish: mallacht (ga) f Italian: maledizione (it) f, maleficio (it) m Japanese: 呪い (ja) (のろい, noroi), 呪縛 (ja) (jubaku) Javanese: sepata (jv) Kazakh: қарғыс (qarğys) Korean: 저주 (ko) (jeoju) Kurdish: Central Kurdish: جوێن‎ (ku) (cwên) Northern Kurdish: lanet (ku) f, nalet (ku) f Kyrgyz: аалат (ky) (aalat) Latin: exsecratio f, imprecātiō f Latvian: lāsts (lv) m Lithuanian: prakeikimas, prakeiksmas m Macedonian: про́клетство n (prókletstvo), кле́тва f (klétva) Malagasy: ozona (mg), loza (mg) Malay: sumpahan, kutuk (ms), laknat (ms) Malayalam: ശാപം (ml) (śāpaṃ) Maltese: saħta Manx: mollaght f Middle English: malisoun Mongolian: Cyrillic: хараал (mn) (xaraal) Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ (qariyal) Nahuatl: uexcaitoa Nogai: наьлет (nälet) North Frisian: Flök c (Sylt) Norwegian: forbannelse m Old English: wierġnes f Persian: لعنت‎‎ (la'nat), نفرین‎ (fa) (nefrin) Plautdietsch: Fluch m Polish: klątwa (pl) f, przekleństwo (pl) n Portuguese: maldição (pt) f Romanian: blestem (ro) n, maledicție (ro) f Russian: прокля́тие (ru) n (prokljátije) Sanskrit: शाप (sa) m (śāpa) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: кле̑тва f, прокле́тство n Roman: klȇtva (sh) f, proklétstvo (sh) n Sicilian: malanova (scn) f Slovak: prekliatie n, kliatba f Slovene: kletev f, prekletstvo (sl) m Spanish: maldición (es) f Sumerian: 𒂊𒍣𒊒 (ezeru) Swahili: laana (sw) Swedish: förbannelse (sv) c Tagalog: sumpa Tajik: лаънат (tg) (laʾnat), нафрин (nafrin) Tamil: சாபம் (ta) (cāpam) Tatar: ләгънәт (tt) (läğnät) Telugu: శాపం (te) (śāpaṁ) Thai: สาป (th) (sàap), คำสาป Tocharian B: śāp Turkish: lanet (tr), bela (tr) Ukrainian: прокля́ття (uk) n (prokljáttja) Urdu: لعنت‎ (la'nat) Uyghur: لەنەت‎ (lenet) Uzbek: laʻnat Volapük: mifätot Welsh: melltith (cy) f Yiddish: קללה‎ f (klole) Yoruba: aburu Zazaki: bela m

prayer that harm may befall someone

Arabic: لَعْنَة‎ (ar) f (laʿna) Awadhi: साप (sāp) Azerbaijani: qarğış (az), bəddua Belarusian: пракля́цце n (prakljáccje) Bulgarian: кле́тва (bg) f (klétva) Chinese: Mandarin: 詛咒／诅咒 (zh) (zǔzhòu) Dutch: vloek (nl) m Esperanto: malbeno (eo) Finnish: kirous (fi) French: malédiction (fr), mauvais sort German: Fluch (de) m Greek: κατάρα (el) f (katára) Ancient: ἀρά f (ará), κατάρα f (katára) Hindi: शाप (hi) m (śāp), अभिशाप (hi) m (abhiśāp), बददुआ (hi) f (badduā), लानत (hi) f (lānat), फटकार (hi) m (phaṭkār) Interlingua: malediction Irish: oirbhire f Kabuverdianu: odjada Latin: exsecratio f Macedonian: кле́тва f (klétva) Malayalam: ശാപം (ml) (śāpaṃ), പ്രാക്ക് (prākkŭ) Middle English: malisoun Norwegian: Bokmål: forbannelse m, ed (no) m Old English: wierġnes f Persian: لعنت‎‎ (la'nat), نفرین‎ (fa) (nefrin) Plautdietsch: Fluch m Polish: klątwa (pl) f, przekleństwo (pl) n Portuguese: maldição (pt) f Russian: прокля́тие (ru) n (prokljátije), ана́фема (ru) f (anáfema) Spanish: maldición (es) f Tajik: лаънат (tg) (laʾnat), нафрин (nafrin) Tocharian B: śāp Turkish: beddua (tr), ilenme (tr), ah (tr), ilenç (tr), kargış (tr) Ukrainian: прокля́ття (uk) n (prokljáttja) Urdu: بددعا‎ (badduā), لعنت‎ (lānat) Uzbek: laʼnat (uz) Welsh: melltith (cy) f Zazaki: zewt f

cause of great harm, evil, or misfortune

Arabic: نِقْمَة‎ f (niqma) Polish: przekleństwo (pl) n Spanish: maldición (es) f

vulgar epithet

Abkhaz: please add this translation if you can Adyghe: please add this translation if you can Afrikaans: please add this translation if you can Aghwan: please add this translation if you can Aklanon: please add this translation if you can Albanian: please add this translation if you can Arabic: please add this translation if you can Armenian: հայհոյանք (hy) (hayhoyankʿ) Assamese: please add this translation if you can Azerbaijani: söyüş (az) Bashkir: please add this translation if you can Basque: please add this translation if you can Bau Bidayuh: please add this translation if you can Belarusian: ла́янка f (lájanka), мацю́к m (macjúk) (usually plural) Bulgarian: псувня́ (bg) f (psuvnjá), ругатня́ (bg) f (rugatnjá) Catalan: paraulota f Chinese: Mandarin:髒話／脏话 (zh) (zānghuà) Czech: nadávka (cs) f, rouhání n Danish: bandeord n Esperanto: sakraĵo, sakro Finnish: kirous (fi) French: juron (fr) m Greek: κατάρα (el) f (katára) Hebrew: קללה‎ (he) f (k'lalá) Hindi: गाली (hi) f (gālī) Irish: eascaine (ga) f Italian: imprecazione (it) f Kurdish: Northern Kurdish: lanet (ku) f, nalet (ku) f Kyrgyz: аалат (ky) n (aalat) Latin: maledictio f Macedonian: пцо́вка f (pcóvka), пцост m (pcost) Norwegian: Bokmål: ed (no) m, banneord (no) n Nynorsk: eid m, bannord n Persian: فحش‎ (fa) (fohš), دشنام‎‎ (došnâm) Polish: przekleństwo (pl) n, wulgaryzm (pl) m Portuguese: praga (pt) f, palavra de baixo calão f, vulgaridade (pt) f, obscenidade (pt) f Russian: прокля́тие (ru) n (prokljátije), руга́тельство (ru) n (rugátelʹstvo), ру́гань (ru) f (rúganʹ), брань (ru) f (branʹ), матерщи́на (ru) f (materščína), мат (ru) m (mat), руготня́ (ru) f (rugotnjá) (colloquial), матю́к (ru) m (matjúk) (low colloquial, usually plural), матю́г (ru) m (matjúg) (low colloquial, usually plural) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: псо̑вка f Roman: psȏvka (sh) f Slovak: nadávka f Spanish: mala palabra (es) f, maldición (es) f Swedish: svordom (sv) c Tajik: дашном (dašnom), фӯҳш (fühš), ҳақорат (haqorat) Telugu: తిట్టు (te) (tiṭṭu) Thai: คนหยาบคาย Turkish: küfür (tr), sövgü (tr) Ukrainian: ла́йка f (lájka), матю́к (uk) m (matjúk) (usually plural) Uzbek: soʻkish (uz), haqorat (uz) Welsh: rheg f Zazaki: neng n

• This translation table is meant for translations approximating the derogatory or strongly negative nature of this term in English. For standard translations, see the translation table at menstruation.

woman's monthly period

Bulgarian: цикъл (bg) m (cikǎl) Finnish: menkat (fi) pl Russian: цикл (ru) m (cikl)

Etymology 2

From Middle English cursen, corsen, coursen, from Old English corsian, cursian (“to curse”), from the noun (see above).

Verb

curse (third-person singular simple present curses, present participle cursing, simple past and past participle cursed or (archaic) curst)

1. (transitive) To place a curse upon (a person or object).

   Synonyms: bewitch, damn, ensorcell, maleficiate

   Antonym: bless

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Numbers 22:10–12:

     And Balaam said unto God, Balak the son of Zippor, king of Moab, hath sent unto me, saying,
     Behold, there is a people come out of Egypt, which covereth the face of the earth: come now, curse me them; peradventure I shall be able to overcome them, and drive them out.
     And God said unto Balaam, Thou shalt not go with them; thou shalt not curse the people: for they are blessed.

   • 1910, Emerson Hough, “A Lady in Company”, in The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 639762314:

     Captain Edward Carlisle […] felt a curious sensation of helplessness seize upon him as he met her steady gaze, […] ; he could not tell what this prisoner might do. He cursed the fate which had assigned such a duty, cursed especially that fate which forced a gallant soldier to meet so superb a woman as this under handicap so hard.

2. To call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon; to imprecate evil upon; to execrate.

   Synonyms: comminate, execrate, imprecate

   Antonym: bless

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Exodus 22:28, column 1:

     Thou ſhalt not […] curſe the ruler of thy people.

3. (transitive) To speak or shout a vulgar curse or epithet.

   Synonyms: swear; see also Thesaurus:swear

4. (intransitive) To use offensive or morally inappropriate language.

   Synonym: swear

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Matthew 26:74, column 2:

     Then beganne hee to curſe and to ſweare […]

   • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii], page 9, column 1:

     […] his Spirits heare me, / And yet I needes muſt curſe.

5. To bring great evil upon; to be the cause of serious harm or unhappiness to; to furnish with that which will be a cause of deep trouble; to afflict or injure grievously; to harass or torment.

   Synonyms: afflict, shaft, wreak

   • 1712 May, [Alexander] Pope, transl., “The First Book of Statius his Thebais”, in Miscellaneous Poems and Translations. […], London: […] Bernard Lintott […], OCLC 228744960, page 29:

     On Impious Realms, and barb’rous Kings, impoſe / Thy Plagues, and curſe 'em with ſuch Sons as thoſe.

Derived terms

• accurse
• becurse
• better to light a single candle than to curse the darkness
• curse it
• curse like a pagan
• curse like a sailor
• curse like a trooper
• curse out
• forcurse
• uncurse

 

Descendants

• Sranan Tongo: kosi

Translations

to place a curse upon

Aghwan: 𐕣𐔴𐕔𐔴𐔼𐕅𐔴𐕔𐔴𐕚𐕒𐕡𐕎 (kefeil'efesun) Albanian: mallkoj (sq) Arabic: لَعَنَ‎ (ar) (laʿana) Armenian: անիծել (hy) (anicel) Aromanian: blastim Azerbaijani: lənət oxumaq, nifrin etmək, qarğamaq, lənətləmək Belarusian: пракліна́ць impf (praklinácʹ), пракля́сці pf (prakljásci), кля́сці impf (kljásci) Bulgarian: прокли́нам (bg) impf (proklínam), прокълна́ pf (prokǎlná), кълна́ (bg) impf (kǎlná) Catalan: maleir (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 詛咒／诅咒 (zh) (zǔzhòu) Cornish: molethi Czech: proklínat (cs) impf, proklít (cs) pf, klít (cs) impf Danish: forbande (da), fordømme Dutch: vervloeken (nl), beheksen (nl), verdoemen (nl) Esperanto: malbeni Finnish: kirota (fi) French: maudire (fr) Friulian: maledî, maludî Galician: maldicir Georgian: დაწყევლა (dac̣q̇evla) German: (engl. swear) fluchen (de), verfluchen (de), verdammen (de) Greek: αναθεματίζω (el) (anathematízo) Ancient: καταράομαι (kataráomai), ὄνομαι (ónomai) Hebrew: קילל‎ (kilél) Hindi: अभिशाप देना (abhiśāp denā) Hungarian: átkoz (hu), megátkoz (hu) Icelandic: bölva Interlingua: maledicer Italian: maledire (it) Japanese: 呪う (ja) (のろう, norou) Kazakh: қарғау (qarğau), қарғап-сілеу (qarğap-sıleu), лағынеттеу (lağynetteu) Korean: 저주하다 (jeojuhada) Kyrgyz: наалат чачуу (naalat çaçuu), каргоо (kargoo), каргап-шилөө (kargap-şilöö) Latin: exsecror, imprecor, dētestor Macedonian: проко́лнува impf (prokólnuva), про́колне pf (prókolne) Malayalam: ശപിക്കുക (ml) (śapikkuka) Mongolian: Cyrillic: хараал хийх (xaraal xiix) Mongolian: ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠬᠢᠬᠦ (qariyal qikü) Ngazidja Comorian: ulaâni Norwegian: Bokmål: forbanne (no), fordømme (no) Nynorsk: forbanne Old Church Slavonic: Cyrillic: клѧти impf (klęti) Old English: wierġan Old Irish: do·beir mallachta for Old Norse: bǫlva Oromo: abaaruu Persian: لعنت کردن‎ (la'nat kardan), نفرین کردن‎ (fa) (nefrin kardan) Polish: przeklinać (pl) impf, przekląć (pl) pf, bluzgać impf, bluznąć pf Portuguese: amaldiçoar (pt) Romanian: blestema (ro) Russian: проклина́ть (ru) impf (proklinátʹ), прокля́сть (ru) pf (prokljástʹ), клясть (ru) impf (kljastʹ) Sanskrit: शपति (sa) (śapati) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: про̀кле̄ти pf, у̀кле̄ти pf, кле̑тӣ impf Roman: pròklēti (sh) pf, ùklēti (sh) pf, klȇtī (sh) impf Sicilian: maldiri (scn), malidiri (scn), maridiri Slovak: preklínať impf, prekliať pf, kliať impf Slovene: preklinjati (sl) impf Spanish: maldecir (es) Swahili: kulaani (sw) Swedish: förbanna (sv), fördöma (sv) Tajik: лаънат кардан (laʾnat kardan), нафрин кардан (nafrin kardan) Tamil: சபி (ta) (capi) Telugu: శపించు (te) (śapiñcu) Thai: สาป (th) (sàap), แช่ง (th) (chɛ̂ng) Turkish: lanetlemek (tr) Ukrainian: проклина́ти impf (proklynáty), прокля́сти pf (prokljásty), кля́сти impf (kljásty) Urdu: لعنت بھیجنا‎ (la'nat bhejnā) Uyghur: لەنەت ئوقۇماق‎ (lenet oqumaq) Uzbek: laʼnatlamoq (uz), laʼnat oʻqimoq Vietnamese: nguyền rủa (vi), chửi rủa (vi) Walloon: mådi (wa) Welsh: melltithio (cy) Yiddish: שילטן‎ (shiltn) Zazaki: la'net kerden

to call upon divine or supernatural power to send injury upon

Arabic: لَعَنَ‎ (ar) (laʿana) Catalan: maleir (ca) Dutch: vervloeken (nl) Esperanto: malbeni Finnish: kirota (fi) French: maudire (fr) German: fluchen (de) (+ dative), verfluchen (de) Greek: Ancient: καταράομαι (kataráomai), ὄνομαι (ónomai) Interlingua: maledicer Latin: dētestor, imprecor, exsecror Plautdietsch: flieekjen Portuguese: amaldiçoar (pt), rogar uma praga Malayalam: ശപിക്കുക (ml) (śapikkuka), പിരാകുക (ml) (pirākuka) Old English: wierġan Russian: наводи́ть по́рчу (ru) impf (navodítʹ pórču) Swahili: kulaani (sw) Turkish: ilenmek (tr), beddua etmek (tr), kargımak (tr) Welsh: melltithio (cy) Zazaki: zewti daye

to utter a vulgar curse

Arabic: Egyptian Arabic: شَتَمَ‎ m Armenian: հայհոյել (hy) (hayhoyel), ուշունց տալ (ušuncʿ tal), քրֆել (hy) (kʿrfel) (colloquial) Azerbaijani: söyüş söymək, yaman demək (dialectal) Bulgarian: псу́вам (bg) impf (psúvam) Czech: klít (cs), nadávat (cs) Dutch: vloeken (nl) Esperanto: blasfemi, sakri Finnish: kirota (fi) (once), kiroilla (fi) (repeatedly) Georgian: გინება (gineba) German: fluchen (de) Gothic: 𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (idweitjan) Greek: βρίζω (el) (vrízo) Hebrew: קילל‎ (kilél) Hindi: कोसना (hi) (kosnā), गाली देना (gālī denā) Icelandic: bölva Interlingua: blasphemar Istriot: bas'ciamà Italian: imprecare (it), bestemmiare (it) Konkani: सोव्चे (sovce) Latin: exsecror Maori: kanga, kangakanga, kohukohu, oraora Polish: przeklinać (pl) Portuguese: praguejar (pt) Romanian: înjura (ro) Romansch: ingiurar, ingiurier, blastemar, blasfemar, blastmer, sgiavlar, diavlar Russian: руга́ть (ru) impf (rugátʹ), обруга́ть (ru) pf (obrugátʹ), матери́ть (ru) impf (materítʹ), обматери́ть (ru) pf (obmaterítʹ) (colloquial) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: псо̀вати, опсо̀вати Roman: psòvati (sh), opsòvati (sh) Sorbian: Lower Sorbian: klěś impf Spanish: maldecir (es) Swedish: svära (sv) Turkish: bela okumak (tr), küfretmek (tr), sövmek (tr) Volapük: blasfämön (vo) Welsh: rhegi (cy) Zazaki: neng çinayen

to use offensive language

Arabic: شَتَمَ‎ (šatama), سَبَّ‎ (ar) (sabba) Armenian: հայհոյել (hy) (hayhoyel) Azerbaijani: söyüş söymək Belarusian: ла́яцца impf (lájacca) Bulgarian: руга́я (bg) impf (rugája), псу́вам (bg) impf (psúvam) Chinese: Cantonese: 講粗口, 讲粗口 (gong2 cou1 hau2) Mandarin: 罵人／骂人 (zh) (màrén), 咒罵／咒骂 (zh) (zhòumà) Esperanto: blasfemi, sakri Finnish: kiroilla (fi) French: jurer (fr), gronder (fr) Georgian: გინება (gineba) German: schimpfen (de), fluchen (de) Gothic: 𐌹𐌳𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (idweitjan) Greek: βρίζω (el) (vrízo) Hindi: कोसना (hi) (kosnā), गाली देना (gālī denā) Icelandic: blóta Interlingua: blasphemar, objurgar Japanese: 罵る (ja) (ののし​る, nonoshiru), 悪態をつく (あくたいをつく, akutai o tsuku), 怒鳴る (どなる, donaru) Korean: 욕을 하다 (yogeul hada) Macedonian: пцуе impf (pcue) Malayalam: ശപിക്കുക (ml) (śapikkuka) Persian: فحش دادن‎ (fa) (fohš dâdan), دشنام دادن‎ (došnâm dâdan) Polish: (imperf) kląć (pl), (perf) zakląć (pl) Portuguese: xingar (pt) Romanian: înjura (ro) Russian: руга́ться (ru) impf (rugátʹsja), матери́ться (ru) impf (materítʹsja), скверносло́вить (ru) impf (skvernoslóvitʹ) Spanish: maldecir (es) Swedish: svära (sv) Tajik: дашном додан (dašnom dodan), ҳақорат кардан (tg) (haqorat kardan) Thai: สบถ (th) (sà-bòt) Turkish: bela okumak (tr), küfretmek (tr), sövmek (tr) Ukrainian: ла́ятися impf (lájatysja), матюка́тися impf (matjukátysja) Vietnamese: nói tục (vi), văng tục (vi), nói bậy (vi), chửi tục (vi), chửi bậy, chửi thề (vi), chửi (vi) Uzbek: soʻkinmoq (uz) Volapük: blasfämön (vo) Welsh: rhegi (cy)

to bring great evil upon

Esperanto: malbeni Finnish: kirota (fi) Interlingua: maledicer Turkish: lanetlemek (tr), kargımak (tr)

Anagrams

• Cruse, Cures, Sucre, crues, cruse, cuers, cures, ecrus, sucre

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Latin

Participle

curse

1. vocative masculine singular of cursus

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Portuguese

Verb

curse

1. inflection of cursar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative

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Romanian

Noun

curse f pl

1. plural of cursă

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Spanish

Verb

curse

1. inflection of cursar:
   1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
   2. third-person singular imperative