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单词 camp
释义

camp

See also: Camp, CAMP, cAMP, câmp, cãmp, and cämp-

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kæmp/
    • (General American, Canada, /æ/ raising) IPA(key): [kʰɛəmp] ~ [kʰeəmp]
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -æmp

Etymology 1

From Middle English kampe (“battlefield, open space”), from Old English camp (“battle, contest, battlefield, open space”), from Proto-West Germanic *kamp (“open field where military exercises are held, level plain”), from Latin campus (“open field, level plain”), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend; crooked”). Reinforced circa 1520 by Middle French can, camp (“place where an army lodges temporarily”), from Old Northern French camp, from the same Latin (whence also French champ from Old French). Cognate with Old High German champf (“battle, struggle”) (German Kampf), Old Norse kapp (“battle”), Old High German hamf (“paralysed, maimed, mutilated”). Doublet of campus.

The verb is from Middle English campen, from Old English campian, compian (“to fight, war against”), from Proto-West Germanic *kampōn (“to fight, do battle”), from *kamp (“field, battlefield, battle”), see above. Cognate with Dutch kampen, German kämpfen (“to struggle”), Danish kæmpe, Swedish kämpa.

Noun

camp (countable and uncountable, plural camps)

  1. An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.
  2. An organised event, often taking place in tents or temporary accommodation.
  3. A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary.
  4. A single hut or shelter.
    a hunter's camp
  5. The company or body of persons encamped.
    • 1849–1861, Thomas Babington Macaulay, chapter 9, in The History of England from the Accession of James the Second, volume (please specify |volume=I to V), London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, OCLC 1069526323:
      The camp broke up with the confusion of a flight.
  6. A group of people with the same strong ideals or political leanings.
  7. (obsolete) An army.
    • c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act III, scene iii:
      My Campe is like to Iulius Cæſars Hoſte,
      That neuer fought but had the victorie:
  8. (uncommon) Campus
  9. (informal) A summer camp.
  10. (prison slang) A prison.
    • 2009, Nick Chandler, Jeanette Billings, Determined to Change: The Autobiography of Nick Chandler (page 184)
      Lantana is a sweet camp. It's an old hospital that has been converted to a drug treatment center for prisoners.
  11. (agriculture) A mound of earth in which potatoes and other vegetables are stored for protection against frost
    Synonyms: burrow, pie
  12. (obsolete) Conflict; battle.
Derived terms
  • auto camp
  • band camp
  • base camp
  • boot camp
  • break camp
  • camp-ball
  • camp bed
  • Camp Douglas
  • camper
  • campestral
  • camp fever
  • campfire
  • camp follower
  • campground
  • Camp Hill
  • camp mother
  • camp oven
  • Camp Pendleton North
  • camp robber
  • camp site, campsite
  • campstead, campsteading
  • camp stool
  • camp stove
  • cigarette camp
  • concentration camp
  • death camp
  • dinner camp
  • extermination camp
  • fat camp
  • fish camp
  • flying camp
  • freedom camp
  • freedom-camp
  • holiday camp
  • internment camp
  • labor camp
  • labour camp
  • logging camp
  • man camp
  • North Camp
  • POW camp
  • prison camp
  • prisoner-of-war camp
  • rape camp
  • re-education camp
  • reeducation camp
  • refugee camp
  • silence camp
  • slave camp
  • spawn camping
  • squatter camp
  • strike camp
  • summer camp
  • terrorist camp
  • third camp
  • timber camp
  • town camp
  • work camp
  • work-camp
  • campus
  • champerty
Descendants
  • → German: Camp
  • → Irish: campa
  • → Japanese: キャンプ (kyanpu)
  • → Korean: 캠프 (kaempeu)
  • → Malay: kem
  • → Ottoman Turkish: قامپ‎
    • Turkish: kamp1
  • → Scottish Gaelic: campa
  • ⇒ Scottish Gaelic: campadh
  • → Spanish: campo (semantic loan) (New Mexico)
  • → Swahili: kambi
    • → Taos: kòmpu’úna
Translations
summer camp — see summer camp
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb

camp (third-person singular simple present camps, present participle camping, simple past and past participle camped)

  1. To live in a tent or similar temporary accommodation.
    We're planning to camp in the field until Sunday.
  2. To set up a camp.
  3. (transitive) To afford rest or lodging for.
    • c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act IV, scene viii]:
      Had our great palace the capacity / To camp this host, we all would sup together.
  4. (intransitive, sports, video games) To stay in an advantageous location.
    Some players like to camp next to a power-up's spawning point.
    • 1962, Coach & Athlete (page 18)
      Yet, even without the three second rule, where your big man could camp underneath and take those delightful “garbage” shots, there was little or no pivot offense, no cutting off the bucket.
  5. (transitive, video games) To stay beside (something) to gain an advantage.
    The easiest way to win on this map is to camp the double damage.
    Go and camp the flag for the win.
  6. (transitive, video games) Short for corpse camp.
  7. (intransitive, obsolete) To fight; contend in battle or in any kind of contest; to strive with others in doing anything; compete.
    • 1562, Leigh, The Accedens of Armory ː
      Aristotle affirmeth that Rauens will gather together on sides, and campe and fight for victorie.
  8. (intransitive, obsolete) To wrangle; argue.
Derived terms
  • cample
  • camp out
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

Unknown. Suggested origins include the 17th century French word camper (“to put oneself in a pose”),[1] an assumed dialectal English word *camp or *kemp (“rough, uncouth”) and a derivation from camp (n.)[2] Believed to be from Polari, otherwise obscure.[3]

Noun

camp (uncountable)

  1. An affected, exaggerated or intentionally tasteless style.
    • 1985 September 2, Joe Klein, quoting Douglas S. Cramer, “The Real Star of ‘Dynasty’”, in New York, page 34:
      We walk a fine line, just this side of camp. Careful calculations are made. We sense that while it might be wonderful for Krystle and Alexis to have a catfight in a koi pond, it would be inappropriate for Joan to smack Linda with a koi.
    • 1996 March 31, Trip Gabriel, “Showgirls' Crawls Back As High Camp at Midnight”, in The New York Times‎, ISSN 0362-4331:
      Why would any Hollywood studio encourage a film's transformation into camp, in effect joining in the mockery of its own product? MGM declined to comment.
Derived terms
  • camp as a row of tents
  • campness
  • high camp
  • low camp
Translations

Adjective

camp (comparative camper, superlative campest)

  1. Theatrical; making exaggerated gestures.
  2. (of a man) Ostentatiously effeminate.
    • 2007, David Rothwell, Dictionary of Homonyms, Wordsworth Editions, →ISBN, page 88:
      More recently the word has become colloquial English for either implying that someone is a homosexual (‘he's very camp’), or for describing rather outre behaviour […]
    • 2014, Sarah Lotz, The Three, Hachette UK, →ISBN:
      And to be honest, in the illustration Mr Tumnus does look as camp as fuck with his little scarf tied jauntily around his neck. I suppose it isn't outside the realms of possibility that he'd just been off cottaging with some centaurs in the forest. God.
  3. Intentionally tasteless or vulgar, self-parodying.
    • 2002, Georges-Claude Guilbert, Madonna as Postmodern Myth, McFarland, →ISBN, page 123:
      In Saturday Night Live, Madonna also unsurprisingly played Princess Diana, Marilyn Monroe, and a Joan Collins clone, all in a very camp way. As John Dean writes: “U.S. rock has a ruling camp queen with Madonna.”
Derived terms
  • camp it up
  • campy
Translations

Descendants

  • → Finnish: camp
  • → French: camp
  • → Spanish: camp

Etymology 3

From Spanish campo (“countryside”).

Noun

camp (countable and uncountable, plural camps)

  1. (slang, Falkland Islands) The areas of the Falkland Islands situated outside the capital and largest settlement, Stanley.
  2. An electoral constituency of the legislative assembly of the Falkland Islands that composes of all territory more than 3.5 miles from the spire of the Christ Church Cathedral in Stanley.

See also

  • aide-de-camp

References

  1. Douglas Harper (2001–2023), “camp”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  2. Michael Quinion, "Camp" in: World Wide Words, 2003
  3. listed in the Oxford English Dictionary, second edition (1989)

Anagrams

  • CAPM, CPAM

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin campus (compare Occitan camp, French champ, Spanish campo), from Proto-Indo-European *kh₂emp- (“to bend, curve”).

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈkamp/
  • (Central) IPA(key): /ˈkam/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

camp m (plural camps)

  1. field (open area of land)
  2. camp (temporary outdoor accommodation)
  3. field of study, discipline
  4. (physics) field

Synonyms

  • (open area): terreny
  • (camp): campament
  • (discipline): disciplina

Derived terms

  • acampar
  • campament
  • camp de batalla
  • camp de concentració
  • Camp de Túria
  • camp d'extermini
  • camp elèctric
  • camp magnètic
  • fotre el camp
  • campanya
  • campestre
  • campió

References

  • “camp” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

French

camp militaire pendant la guerre de 1914-18.

Etymology 1

Probably from a Norman or Picard word equivalent to French champ (itself inherited from Old French champ and Latin), from Old Northern French camp, from Latin campus, or alternatively from Occitan camp, Old Occitan camp, possibly Italian campo. Doublet of champ.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɑ̃/
  • Homophones: Caen, quand, quant

Noun

camp m (plural camps)

  1. camp (An outdoor place acting as temporary accommodation in tents or other temporary structures.)
    Il a dressé son camp de l'autre côté de la rivière. ― He has erected his camp on the other side of the river.
  2. camp (Semi-temporary accommodation)
    Un camp de concentration. ― A concentration camp.
  3. camp (A base of a military group, not necessarily temporary)
    Les camps ennemis. ― The enemy camps.
  4. camp (A group of people with the same ideals or political leanings, strongly supported.)
    Ce pays est partagé en deux camps. ― This country is divided into two camps.
  5. camp, summer camp
    Un camp de vacances. ― A summer camp. (idiomatic; French usage does not specify a season)
Derived terms
  • aide de camp
  • but contre son camp
  • camp de concentration
  • camp de mort
  • camp de travail
  • camp d'extermination
  • camp volant
  • feu de camp
  • ficher le camp
  • foutre le camp
  • lever le camp
  • lit de camp
  • maréchal de camp
  • tout fout le camp
  • camper
  • campement
  • camping
  • champ

Etymology 2

très camp!

Borrowed from English camp.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɑ̃p/, /kamp/

Adjective

camp (invariable)

  1. camp (Intentionally tasteless or vulgar, self-parodying, affected, exaggerated)
    Une folle camp ne peut jamais en faire trop.

Noun

camp m (uncountable)

  1. campness; An affected, exaggerated or intentionally tasteless style
    La tactique des Sœurs dans la lutte contre le sida repose sur une stratégie politique : une utilisation du camp, une réappropriation revendiquée de l’efféminement, de la visibilité homosexuelle et de la follitude qui visent à désarmer les injonctions morales pesant sur la sexualité – sociales, religieuses, liées au sexe, au genre, aux pratiques sexuelles…
Synonyms
  • follitude

Further reading

  • “camp”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English campian.

Verb

camp

  1. Alternative form of campen

Etymology 2

From Old Norse kampr.

Adjective

camp

  1. Alternative form of kempe (“shaggy”)

Norman

Alternative forms

  • champ

Etymology

From Old Northern French camp (compare Old French champ), from Latin campus, from Proto-Indo-European *kamp- (“to bend; crooked”). Compare French champ.

Noun

camp m (plural camps)

  1. (Guernsey) field

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kamp, from Latin campus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kɑmp/

Noun

camp m

  1. combat

Declension

Declension of camp (strong a-stem)
CaseSingularPlural
nominativecampcampas
accusativecampcampas
genitivecampescampa
dativecampecampum

Derived terms

  • campdōm
  • campealdor
  • campġefēra
  • camphād
  • camplīċ
  • camprǣden
  • campstede
  • campung
  • campwǣpen
  • campwudu
  • campwered

Noun

camp n

  1. an enclosed piece of land

Descendants

  • Middle English: kampe, komp, comp
    • English: camp (see there for further descendants)
    • Scots: camp

Old French

Le camp du drap d'or.

Etymology

Found in Old Northern French, Picard and Norman dialects, etc. From Latin campus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkamp/

Noun

camp m (oblique plural cans, nominative singular cans, nominative plural camp)

  1. camp.
  2. Alternative form of champ

Descendants

  • Norman: camp (Guernsey)
  • → French: camp
  • → Dutch: kamp
    • Afrikaans: kamp
    • Petjo: kamp
    • → Indonesian: kamp
    • → Sranan Tongo: kampu
      • → Caribbean Javanese: kampu

Welsh

Etymology

From Middle Welsh camp, from Proto-Brythonic *kamp, from Latin campus, from the senses of "field of action, scope, opportunity, or produce of a field".

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kamp/

Noun

camp f (plural campau)

  1. feat, accomplishment
    Synonym: gorchest
  2. sport, contest

Derived terms

  • campfa (“gymnasium, stadium”)
  • campus (“excellent, splendid”)
  • campwaith (“masterpiece”)
  • campwr (“champion”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radicalsoftnasalaspirate
campgampnghampchamp
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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