bán
See also: Appendix:Variations of "ban"
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbaːn]
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: bán
- Rhymes: -aːn
Etymology 1
From a Turkic language. Doublet of bánik.
Verb
bán
- (transitive, chiefly in the negative) to mind, to object to, to be bothered by
- Nem bánod, ha kinyitom az ablakot? ― Do you mind if I open the window?
- Nem bánnám, ha néha segítenél kitakarítani. ― I wouldn’t mind if you helped me clean the house once in a while.
- (transitive) to regret
- Synonym: sajnál
Usage notes
- This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation
conjugation of bán
| 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal | 3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal | 1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal | 3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood | Present | Indef. | bánok | bánsz | bán | bánunk | bántok | bánnak |
| Def. | bánom | bánod | bánja | bánjuk | bánjátok | bánják | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | bánlak | ― | ||||||
| Past | Indef. | bántam | bántál | bánt | bántunk | bántatok | bántak | |
| Def. | bántam | bántad | bánta | bántuk | bántátok | bánták | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | bántalak | ― | ||||||
| Conditional mood | Present | Indef. | bánnék | bánnál | bánna | bánnánk | bánnátok | bánnának |
| Def. | bánnám | bánnád | bánná | bánnánk (or bánnók) | bánnátok | bánnák | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | bánnálak | ― | ||||||
| Subjunctive mood | Present | Indef. | bánjak | bánj or bánjál | bánjon | bánjunk | bánjatok | bánjanak |
| Def. | bánjam | bánd or bánjad | bánja | bánjuk | bánjátok | bánják | ||
| 2nd-p. o. | bánjalak | ― | ||||||
| Infinitive | bánni | bánnom | bánnod | bánnia | bánnunk | bánnotok | bánniuk | |
| Other nonfinite verb forms | Verbal noun | Present participle | Past participle | Future part. | Adverbial part. | Potential | ||
| bánás | bánó | bánt | bánandó | bánva | bánhat | |||
Derived terms
- bánat
- bánatos
- bánkódik
- bánt
(With verbal prefixes):
- megbán
See also
- bánik
Etymology 2
From Old Hungarian ban (1146), from a South Slavic language; compare Serbo-Croatian bȃn/ба̑н (“lord; ban”), from Proto-Slavic *banъ; see there for more.
Noun
bán (plural bánok)
- (historical) ban (title in the historical Kingdom of Croatia and the Kingdom of Hungary, like a palatine or governor of a province)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | bán | bánok |
| accusative | bánt | bánokat |
| dative | bánnak | bánoknak |
| instrumental | bánnal | bánokkal |
| causal-final | bánért | bánokért |
| translative | bánná | bánokká |
| terminative | bánig | bánokig |
| essive-formal | bánként | bánokként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | bánban | bánokban |
| superessive | bánon | bánokon |
| adessive | bánnál | bánoknál |
| illative | bánba | bánokba |
| sublative | bánra | bánokra |
| allative | bánhoz | bánokhoz |
| elative | bánból | bánokból |
| delative | bánról | bánokról |
| ablative | bántól | bánoktól |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | báné | bánoké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | bánéi | bánokéi |
| Possessive forms of bán | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | bánom | bánjaim |
| 2nd person sing. | bánod | bánjaid |
| 3rd person sing. | bánja | bánjai |
| 1st person plural | bánunk | bánjaink |
| 2nd person plural | bánotok | bánjaitok |
| 3rd person plural | bánjuk | bánjaik |
Derived terms
- báni
- bánság
- Bánság
References
- Marek Stachowski, Eugen Helimskis Materialien zur Erforschung der ältesten slawisch-ungarischen Sprachkontakte, Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 14 (2009): 35–107 Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego: Kraków, page 43
Further reading
- (to mind, to regret): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- (ban [historical]): bán in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- bán in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)
Irish
Pronunciation
- (Munster) IPA(key): /bˠɑːn̪ˠ/
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /bˠɑːnˠ/
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠaːn̪ˠ/
Etymology 1
From Old Irish bán (“white”), from Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).
Adjective
bán (genitive singular masculine báin, genitive singular feminine báine, plural bána, comparative báine)
- white
- blank
- fair-haired
- (sexuality, LGBT) gay, homosexual
Declension
Declension of bán
| Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | bán | bhán | bána; bhána² | |
| Vocative | bháin | bána | ||
| Genitive | báine | bána | bán | |
| Dative | bán; bhán¹ | bhán; bháin (archaic) | bána; bhána² | |
| Comparative | níos báine | |||
| Superlative | is báine | |||
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Derived terms
- abhac bán (“white dwarf”)
- bacán bán m (“white water-lily”)
- bánbhia (“white meat”)
- bándearg (“pink”, adjective)
- béar bán (“polar bear”)
- bíoma bán (“whitebeam”)
- buachaill bán (“fair-haired boy”)
- cailín bán (“golden girl; stoat”)
- earrbhán (“white-tailed”, adjective)
- fobhán (“whitish”, adjective)
- fódbhán (“fallow, uncultivated”, adjective)
- fuilchill bhán (“white blood cell”)
- grús píb-bhán (“white-naped crane”)
- Láir Bhán (“the Milky Way”)
- lúbán bán (“white pudding”)
- putóg bhán (“white pudding”)
- scothbhán (“whitish”, adjective)
- siorc bán aigéanach (“oceanic whitetip shark”)
- siorc bán mór (“great white shark”)
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bána)
- white
Declension
Declension of bán
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Derived terms
- bán na súl m (“albinism”)
Verb
bán (present analytic bánann, future analytic bánfaidh, verbal noun bánadh, past participle bánta)
- (transitive, intransitive) Alternative form of bánaigh (“whiten; blanch; clear out, empty, depopulate”)
Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
| singular | plural | relative | autonomous | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||||
| indicative | present | bánaim | bánann tú; bánair† | bánann sé, sí | bánaimid | bánann sibh | bánann siad; bánaid† | a bhánann; a bhánas / a mbánann*; a mbánas* | bántar |
| past | bhán mé; bhánas | bhán tú; bhánais | bhán sé, sí | bhánamar; bhán muid | bhán sibh; bhánabhair | bhán siad; bhánadar | a bhán / ar bhán* | bánadh | |
| past habitual | bhánainn / mbánainn‡‡ | bhántá / mbántᇇ | bhánadh sé, sí / mbánadh sé, s퇇 | bhánaimis; bhánadh muid / mbánaimis‡‡; mbánadh muid‡‡ | bhánadh sibh / mbánadh sibh‡‡ | bhánaidís; bhánadh siad / mbánaidís‡‡; mbánadh siad‡‡ | a bhánadh / a mbánadh* | bhántaí / mbánta퇇 | |
| future | bánfaidh mé; bánfad | bánfaidh tú; bánfair† | bánfaidh sé, sí | bánfaimid; bánfaidh muid | bánfaidh sibh | bánfaidh siad; bánfaid† | a bhánfaidh; a bhánfas / a mbánfaidh*; a mbánfas* | bánfar | |
| conditional | bhánfainn / mbánfainn‡‡ | bhánfá / mbánfᇇ | bhánfadh sé, sí / mbánfadh sé, s퇇 | bhánfaimis; bhánfadh muid / mbánfaimis‡‡; mbánfadh muid‡‡ | bhánfadh sibh / mbánfadh sibh‡‡ | bhánfaidís; bhánfadh siad / mbánfaidís‡‡; mbánfadh siad‡‡ | a bhánfadh / a mbánfadh* | bhánfaí / mbánfa퇇 | |
| subjunctive | present | go mbána mé; go mbánad† | go mbána tú; go mbánair† | go mbána sé, sí | go mbánaimid; go mbána muid | go mbána sibh | go mbána siad; go mbánaid† | — | go mbántar |
| past | dá mbánainn | dá mbántá | dá mbánadh sé, sí | dá mbánaimis; dá mbánadh muid | dá mbánadh sibh | dá mbánaidís; dá mbánadh siad | — | dá mbántaí | |
| imperative | bánaim | bán | bánadh sé, sí | bánaimis | bánaigí; bánaidh† | bánaidís | — | bántar | |
| verbal noun | bánadh | ||||||||
| past participle | bánta | ||||||||
* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Descendants
- → Yola: baun
Etymology 2
From Old Irish bán (“untilled land, lea”), from the adjective bán (“white”).
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural bánta)
- (geography) lea; grassland
- uncultivated land
Declension
Declension of bán
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Descendants
- → Yola: bawen
Noun
bán m (genitive singular báin, nominative plural báin)
- Alternative form of bábhún (“walled enclosure, bawn; bailey; bulwark, breakwater”)
Declension
Declension of bán
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| bán | bhán | mbán |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “bán”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “bán” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “bán” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *bānos (“white”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbaːn/
Adjective
bán
- white
- pure
Inflection
| o/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | bán | bán | bán |
| Vocative | báin* bán** | ||
| Accusative | bán | báin | |
| Genitive | báin | báine | báin |
| Dative | bán | báin | bán |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
| Nominative | báin | bána | |
| Vocative | bánu bána† | ||
| Accusative | bánu bána† | ||
| Genitive | bán | ||
| Dative | bánaib | ||
| Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative | ||
Synonyms
- finn
- gabor
- gel
Derived terms
- abbán
Descendants
- Irish: bán
- Manx: bane
- Scottish Gaelic: bàn
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| bán | bán pronounced with /v(ʲ)-/ | mbán |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “bán”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːn˧˦]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˧˥]
- (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓaːŋ˦˥]
Audio (Hồ Chí Minh City) (file)
Etymology 1
Sino-Vietnamese word from 半 (“half”).
Prefix
bán
- half-, semi-, hemi-
Derived terms
- bán cầu
- bán dẫn
- bán đảo
- bán kết
- bán kính
- chất bán dẫn
- hình bán nguyệt
Etymology 2
From Proto-Vietic *paːɲʔ.
Verb
bán • (𧸝)
- to sell
Derived terms
Derived terms
- bán buôn
- bán chác
- bán chịu
- bán đứng
- buôn bán
- mua bán