bruire
French
Etymology
From Old French, from Vulgar Latin *brūgere (attested in the third-person singular indicative form brugit), from a crossing of Latin rugīre (compare French rugir) + *bragere (whence French braire). Compare English burr.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʁɥiʁ/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -iʁ
Verb
bruire
- to make a low noise
- to rustle
- to rattle
- to roar
Conjugation
- This verb is conjugated as if it ended in -ir.
- Archaic forms based on the conjugation of fuir (e.g. bruyais) may also be encountered.
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of bruire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive | simple | bruire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | bruissant /bʁɥi.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | brui /bʁɥi/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | bruis /bʁɥi/ | bruis /bʁɥi/ | bruit /bʁɥi/ | bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ | bruissez /bʁɥi.se/ | bruissent /bʁɥis/ |
imperfect | bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/ | bruissais /bʁɥi.sɛ/ | bruissait /bʁɥi.sɛ/ | bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ | bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ | bruissaient /bʁɥi.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | bruis /bʁɥi/ | bruis /bʁɥi/ | bruit /bʁɥi/ | bruîmes /bʁɥim/ | bruîtes /bʁɥit/ | bruirent /bʁɥiʁ/ | |
future | bruirai /bʁɥi.ʁe/ | bruiras /bʁɥi.ʁa/ | bruira /bʁɥi.ʁa/ | bruirons /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | bruirez /bʁɥi.ʁe/ | bruiront /bʁɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ | bruirais /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ | bruirait /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ | bruirions /bʁɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ | bruiriez /bʁɥi.ʁje/ | bruiraient /bʁɥi.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) | present | bruisse /bʁɥis/ | bruisses /bʁɥis/ | bruisse /bʁɥis/ | bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ | bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ | bruissent /bʁɥis/ |
imperfect2 | bruisse /bʁɥis/ | bruisses /bʁɥis/ | bruît /bʁɥi/ | bruissions /bʁɥi.sjɔ̃/ | bruissiez /bʁɥi.sje/ | bruissent /bʁɥis/ | |
(compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | bruis /bʁɥi/ | — | bruissons /bʁɥi.sɔ̃/ | bruissez /bʁɥi.se/ | — | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
- bruant
- bruit
- bruissement
- bruyant
Further reading
- “bruire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Italian
Verb
bruìre (first-person singular present (rare) bruìsco, first-person singular past historic bruìi, no past participle) (intransitive, literary) [auxiliary avere]
- to gurgle
Conjugation
Conjugation of bruìre (-ire; defective) (See Appendix:Italian verbs)
infinitive | bruìre | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
auxiliary verb | — | gerund | bruèndo | |||
present participle | bruènte | past participle | — | |||
person | singular | plural | ||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
indicative | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | bruìsco1 | bruìsci1 | bruìsce1 | bruiàmo1 | bruìte1 | bruìscono1 |
imperfect | bruìvo | bruìvi | bruìva | bruivàmo | bruivàte | bruìvano |
past historic | bruìi | bruìsti | bruì | bruìmmo | bruìste | bruìrono |
future | bruirò | bruirài | bruirà | bruirémo | bruiréte | bruirànno |
conditional | io | tu | lui/lei, esso/essa | noi | voi | loro, essi/esse |
present | bruirèi | bruirésti | bruirèbbe, bruirébbe | bruirémmo | bruiréste | bruirèbbero, bruirébbero |
subjunctive | che io | che tu | che lui/che lei, che esso/che essa | che noi | che voi | che loro, che essi/che esse |
present | bruìsca | bruìsca | bruìsca | bruiàmo | bruiàte | bruìscano |
imperfect | bruìssi | bruìssi | bruìsse | bruìssimo | bruìste | bruìssero |
imperative | — | tu | Lei | noi | voi | Loro |
bruìsci | bruìsca | bruiàmo | bruìte | bruìscano | ||
negative imperative | non bruìre | non bruìsca | non bruiàmo | non bruìte | non bruìscano |
1Rare.