braukt

braukt

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰreuk- (“to stroke, to rub”) (whence also brukt, q.v.), from a stem *bʰer- (“to cut, to rub, to split; to hit”) (whence also berzt, q.v.). The meaning evolution was probably: “to scrub, to grate” > “to rub, to wipe” (a meaning still conserved in the erstwhile iterative form braucīt, and sometimes in braukt itself; see below) > “to drag, to slide” > “to make (a vehicle) slide, run” > “to go, to ride (on a vehicle)” (note that the oldest Baltic vehicles moved by sliding, without wheels). Cognates include Lithuanian bràukti “to stroke, to rub, to pull (leaves, berries etc. stuck in one's hands), to wipe (tears, sweat),” colloquially also “to ride, to race,” Russian dialectal брукать (brukatʹ) (< Proto-Slavic *brukati) “to throw, to hurl, to kick; to smear.” From a variant stem *bʰreuḱ- also Proto-Slavic *brusiti (Russian dialectal брусить (brusitʹ) “to gather leaves for animals (to eat)”, from “to pluck, to pull,” Bulgarian бруся (brúsja, “to hit, to pluck (plants)”), Czech brousit (“to sharpen, to hone, to grind; to run”), Polish brusić (“to sharpen with a whetstone, to grind”)).[1]

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɾàwkt]

(file)

Verb

braukt intr., 1st conj., pres. braucu, brauc, brauc, past braucu

1. to go, to ride (in a vehicle)

   braukt automobilī, automašīnā ― to go by car

   braukt pajūgā, kamanās ― to go on a cart, on a sleigh

   braukt ar autobusu, ar vilcienu ― to go by bus, by train

   braukt ar tvaikoni, ar lidmašīnu ― to go by steamboat, by plane

   braukt komandējumā ― to go on a business trip, on an expedition

   braukt uz kuģa, uz kuģiem ― to go on a boat (also, to be(come) a sailor)

2. (with animal names) to go (on a cart, sled, sleigh, etc.) pulled by animals

   braukt ar zirgu ― to go on a horse-drawn cart

   braukt ar vēršiem, ar suņiem, ar briežiem ― to go on a cart pulled by oxen, by dogs, by (rein)deer

3. (transitive) to ride (a horse)

   tēvs brauc lepnus zirgus ― father is riding a proud horse

4. (in the 3rd person, speaking of vehicles, harnessed animals) to go, to move, to ride, to travel

   laiva brauc pa ezeru ― the boat is traveling on the lake

   trolejbuss brauc uz depo ― the trolleybus is going to the depot

   pajūgi brauc pa ceļa malu ― carts go on the edge of the road

   zirgs brauc pa ceļu ― the (yoked, harnessed) horse rides on the road

5. (colloquial, of fingers, hands, feet) to run (on a surface)

   kā asaras slaucīdama, viņa abām plaukstām brauca pār vaigiem ― as if wiping tears, she ran both palms (= hands) over (her) cheeks

Conjugation

conjugation of braukt

	INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme)				IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme)
		Present (tagadne)	Past (pagātne)	Future (nākotne)
1st pers. sg.	es	braucu	braucu	braukšu	—
2nd pers. sg.	tu	brauc	brauci	brauksi	brauc
3rd pers. sg.	viņš, viņa	brauc	brauca	brauks	lai brauc
1st pers. pl.	mēs	braucam	braucām	brauksim	brauksim
2nd pers. pl.	jūs	braucat	braucāt	brauksiet, brauksit	brauciet
3rd pers. pl.	viņi, viņas	brauc	brauca	brauks	lai brauc
RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme)			PARTICIPLES (divdabji)
Present	braucot		Present Active 1 (Adj.)		braucošs
Past	esot braucis		Present Active 2 (Adv.)		braukdams
Future	braukšot		Present Active 3 (Adv.)		braucot
Imperative	lai braucot		Present Active 4 (Obj.)		braucam
CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme)			Past Active		braucis
Present	brauktu		Present Passive		braucams
Past	būtu braucis		Past Passive		braukts
DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme)			NOMINAL FORMS
Indicative	(būt) jābrauc		Infinitive (nenoteiksme)		braukt
Conjunctive 1	esot jābrauc		Negative Infinitive		nebraukt
Conjunctive 2	jābraucot		Verbal noun		braukšana

Synonyms

• (of "going," but on foot): iet
• (of "riding a horse"): jāt

Derived terms

prefixed verbs:

• aizbraukt
• apbraukt
• atbraukt

• iebraukt
• izbraukt
• nobraukt

• pabraukt
• pārbraukt
• piebraukt

• sabraukt
• uzbraukt

other derived terms

• braucējs, braucēja
• brauciens
• braukums

Related terms

• braucīt
• braukāt
• braukšus

References

1. Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “braukt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN