뒤집다
Korean
Etymology
First attested in the Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok (乙丙燕行錄/ 을병연행록), 1766, as Early Modern Korean 뒤딥다 (Yale: twuy-tipta). Also attested in the Eulbyeong yeonhaengnok (乙丙燕行錄/ 을병연행록), 1766, as Early Modern Korean 뒤집다 (Yale: twuy-cipta).
The first element is from Middle Korean 드위다 (Yale: tuwuyta) "to flip", but the second element is not clear. Yi Hyeon-jeong notes that 집다 (jipda, “to grab”) or 잡다 (japda, “to catch”) are both a passable semantic match, but that neither form is compatible with 딥다. As the palatalization of /ti/ to /t͡ɕi/ was ongoing in 1766 and both forms are attested in the same text, Yi speculates that 뒤딥다 is a result of hypercorrection by the writer.
Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [tɥid͡ʑip̚t͈a̠] ~ [tyd͡ʑip̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [뒤집따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | dwijipda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | dwijibda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | twijipta |
| Yale Romanization? | twicipta |
Verb
뒤집다 • (dwijipda) (infinitive 뒤집어, sequential 뒤집으니)
- to flip (an object, such as a pancake on a hot skillet)
- to capsize (a floating vessel, from rowboats to ships, of any size)
Conjugation
Selected forms of the verb 뒤집다 (dwijipda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뒤집는다 dwijimneunda | 뒤집어 dwijibeo | 뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo | 뒤집습니다 dwijipseumnida |
| Past | 뒤집었다 dwijibeotda | 뒤집었어 dwijibeosseo | 뒤집었어요 dwijibeosseoyo | 뒤집었습니다 dwijibeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뒤집느냐 dwijimneunya | 뒤집어 dwijibeo | 뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo | 뒤집습니까 dwijipseumnikka |
| Past | 뒤집었느냐 dwijibeonneunya | 뒤집었어 dwijibeosseo | 뒤집었어요 dwijibeosseoyo | 뒤집었습니까 dwijibeotseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 뒤집자 dwijipja | 뒤집어 dwijibeo | 뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo | 뒤집읍시다 dwijibeupsida | |
| Imperative | 뒤집어라 dwijibeora | 뒤집어 dwijibeo | 뒤집어요 dwijibeoyo | 뒤집읍시오 dwijibeupsio | |
| Assertive | 뒤집겠다 dwijipgetda | 뒤집겠어 dwijipgesseo | 뒤집겠어요 dwijipgesseoyo | 뒤집겠습니다 dwijipgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뒤집어 dwijibeo | 뒤집어서 dwijibeoseo | 뒤집으니 dwijibeuni | 뒤집으니까 dwijibeunikka | |
| Contrast | 뒤집지만 dwijipjiman | 뒤집는데 dwijimneunde | 뒤집더니 dwijipdeoni | ||
| Conjunction | 뒤집고 dwijipgo | ||||
| Condition | 뒤집으면 dwijibeumyeon | 뒤집어야 dwijibeoya | |||
| Motive | 뒤집으려고 dwijibeuryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뒤집음 dwijibeum | 뒤집기 dwijipgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뒤집었음 dwijibeosseum | 뒤집었기 dwijibeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 뒤집은 dwijibeun | |||
| Present | 뒤집는 dwijimneun | ||||
| Future | 뒤집을 dwijibeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) | Informal non-polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 뒤집으신다 dwijibeusinda | 뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo | 뒤집으세요, 뒤집으셔요 dwijibeuseyo, dwijibeusyeoyo | 뒤집으십니다 dwijibeusimnida |
| Past | 뒤집으셨다 dwijibeusyeotda | 뒤집으셨어 dwijibeusyeosseo | 뒤집으셨어요 dwijibeusyeosseoyo | 뒤집으셨습니다 dwijibeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 뒤집으시느냐 dwijibeusineunya | 뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo | 뒤집으세요, 뒤집으셔요 dwijibeuseyo, dwijibeusyeoyo | 뒤집으십니까 dwijibeusimnikka |
| Past | 뒤집으셨느냐 dwijibeusyeonneunya | 뒤집으셨어 dwijibeusyeosseo | 뒤집으셨어요 dwijibeusyeosseoyo | 뒤집으셨습니까 dwijibeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 뒤집으시라 dwijibeusira | 뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo | 뒤집으세요 dwijibeuseyo | 뒤집으십시오 dwijibeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 뒤집으시겠다 dwijibeusigetda | 뒤집으시겠어 dwijibeusigesseo | 뒤집으시겠어요 dwijibeusigesseoyo | 뒤집으시겠습니다 dwijibeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 뒤집으셔 dwijibeusyeo | 뒤집으셔서 dwijibeusyeoseo | 뒤집으시니 dwijibeusini | 뒤집으시니까 dwijibeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 뒤집으시지만 dwijibeusijiman | 뒤집으시는데 dwijibeusineunde | 뒤집으시더니 dwijibeusideoni | ||
| Conjunction | 뒤집으시고 dwijibeusigo | ||||
| Condition | 뒤집으시면 dwijibeusimyeon | 뒤집으셔야 dwijibeusyeoya | |||
| Motive | 뒤집으시려고 dwijibeusiryeogo | ||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 뒤집으심 dwijibeusim | 뒤집으시기 dwijibeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 뒤집으셨음 dwijibeusyeosseum | 뒤집으셨기 dwijibeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 뒤집으신 dwijibeusin | |||
| Present | 뒤집으시는 dwijibeusineun | ||||
| Future | 뒤집으실 dwijibeusil | ||||
References
- 이현정 (2011), “'드위'의 통시적 발달에 대하여 [On the diachronic development of tuwuy-]”, in Hyeongtaeron, volume 13, issue 2, pages 291–310