ꜣzḫ

ꜣzḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb:

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːzaχ/ → /ˈʀaːsaχ/ → /ˈʔoːsəχ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːzaχ/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʀaːsaχ/ (infinitive)
• (Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔoːsəχ/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑzɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: azekh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (intransitive) to harvest or reap grain with a sickle
   • reign of Nyuserre, c. 2400 BCE, Tomb of Urarna, west wall (south of the entrance), fourth register, captions above two pairs of reapers:[1]
     

     Reaping scene in the Tomb of Urarna, west wall (south of the entrance), fourth register, showing the captions cited.

     ꜣzḫ jn ḥmw-nswt ꜣzḫ jn jzwt nḏs

     Reaping by the servants of the king. Reaping by the small work-gang.

2. (transitive) to harvest or reap with a sickle

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜣzḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜣzḫ, geminated stem: ꜣzḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫw, ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫt	ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜣzḫ	ḥr ꜣzḫ	m ꜣzḫ	r ꜣzḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜣzḫ.n	ꜣzḫw, ꜣzḫ	consecutive	ꜣzḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜣzḫt
perfective3	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜣzḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫḫ	potentialis1	ꜣzḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜣzḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜣzḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫw5, ꜣzḫy5
imperfective	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫy, ꜣzḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫj6, ꜣzḫy6	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫw5
prospective	ꜣzḫ, ꜣzḫtj7	—	ꜣzḫtj4, ꜣzḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣzḫ  

ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫ	jsḫw	ꜣzḫ	ꜣsḫ	ꜣsḫ	ꜣzḫ
[Old Kingdom]	[Coffin Texts]	[New Kingdom]

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ⲱⲥⳉ (ōsx)
• Bohairic Coptic: ⲱⲥϧ (ōsx)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲱϩⲥ (ōhs)

Noun

 m

1. harvest, yield, what has been reaped

Inflection

Declension of ꜣzḫ (masculine)

singular	ꜣzḫ
dual	ꜣzḫwj
plural	ꜣzḫw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣzḫ  

ꜣzḫ	ꜣzḫ
[Old Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]

Noun

 m

1. sickle [20th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of ꜣzḫ (masculine)

singular	ꜣzḫ
dual	ꜣzḫwj
plural	ꜣzḫw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜣzḫ  

jsḫ	ꜣsḫ

References

• Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 19.15–19.18
• Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 5–6
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 275.

1. Davies, N. de G. (1901) The Rock Tombs of Sheikh Saïd, plate 16