鹿
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Translingual
Stroke order | |||
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Han character
鹿 (Kangxi radical 198, 鹿+0, 11 strokes, cangjie input 戈X心 (IXP), four-corner 00211, composition ⿸⿸广⿻コ⿰丨丨比)
- Kangxi radical #198, ⿅.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/鹿
- 𬿚, 𭊛, 塶, 㜙, 𡼂, 㦇, 摝, 漉, 𤡊, 𣊈, 樚, 𣩏, 𪵡, 熝, 𤨞, 膔, 𥛞, 𥉶, 䃙, 𮃨, 䌒, 𦗓, 𦪇, 螰, 𧽥, 蹗, 轆(辘), 𨢷, 鏕, 𩌫, 騼(𫠋), 𩪉, 𩺮, 𪒏, 𪛓
- 鄜, 𢿇, 㼾, 𥀔, 𩔴, 塵, 𭗎, 𦄐, 𧐠, 鏖, 𩞇, 𧜫, 𪩏, 蔍, 䍡, 𦌏, 簏, 𩅄, 廘
References
- KangXi: page 1508, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47586
- Dae Jaweon: page 2036, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4727, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9E7F
- Unihan data for U+F940
Chinese
trad. | 鹿 | |
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simp. # | 鹿 | |
alternative forms | 𢉖 𮭱 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 鹿 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Old Chinese | |
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鄜 | *pʰlo, *roːɡ |
鹿 | *b·roːɡ |
漉 | *roːɡ |
轆 | *roːɡ |
簏 | *roːɡ |
螰 | *roːɡ |
麓 | *roːɡ |
騼 | *roːɡ |
摝 | *roːɡ |
廘 | *roːɡ |
蔍 | *roːɡ |
鏕 | *roːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – a deer. Current form is highly abstracted – legs have transformed to 比 – note grouping of front and rear legs, which are bent – head has transformed to middle component (similar to 凸/曲), while antlers on top and extended lip/mouth on left transformed into 广. This transformation occurred during seal characters.
Contrast the very different development of 馬 (“horse”), and the transformation in 廌 (as in 薦), which has the head of 鹿 but the legs of 馬 (灬).
Etymology
Uncertain, though possibly Sino-Tibetan (Schuessler, 2007). Compare Northern Naga *gjuk "deer, sambar", from Proto-Tibeto-Burman *g-rjuk (French, 1983); Also according to French, Benedict relates the Tibeto-Burman item to Western Gurung [script needed] (gju, “sheep”), yet the Gurung item has an alternative explanation (compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *luk (“sheep”)). Sagart (1999) relates 角 (OC *kroːɡ, “horn”) to 鹿 (OC *b·roːɡ, “deer”).
Note also Nung klook (“deer”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
鹿
- deer (Classifier: 隻/只 m c mn; 頭/头 m)
- 林有樸樕,野有死鹿。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Lín yǒu pǔsù, yě yǒu sǐ lù. [Pinyin]
- In the forest there are the scrubby oaks; in the wild there is a dead deer.
林有朴樕,野有死鹿。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (literary or in compounds, figurative) political power
- 鹿死誰手/鹿死谁手 ― lùsǐshéishǒu ― who will gain supremacy?
- 秦失其鹿,天下共逐之,於是高材疾足者先得焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qín shī qí lù, tiānxià gòng zhú zhī, yúshì gāocái jízú zhě xiān dé yān. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this example)
秦失其鹿,天下共逐之,于是高材疾足者先得焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- a surname
Synonyms
- (deer):
Variety | Location | Words edit |
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Classical Chinese | 鹿 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鹿 | |
Taxonomic name | 鹿 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 鹿 |
Taiwan | 鹿 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 鹿 | |
Jinan | 鹿 | |
Luoyang | 鹿 | |
Xi'an | 鹿 | |
Wuhan | 鹿 | |
Chengdu | 鹿子 | |
Guiyang | 鹿 | |
Yangzhou | 鹿 | |
Hefei | 鹿 | |
Singapore | 鹿 | |
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 鹿 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鹿 |
Hong Kong | 鹿 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 鹿 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 鹿 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 鹿 | |
Yangjiang | 鹿 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鹿 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 鹿 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 鹿 |
Pingxiang | 鹿 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 鹿仔 |
Dabu (Xihe) | 鹿 | |
Jiexi | 鹿 | |
Luhe | 鹿仔 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鹿仔 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鹿仔 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 鹿仔 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鹿 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 鹿仔, 鹿 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鹿 | |
Hong Kong | 鹿 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 鹿 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 鹿 | |
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 鹿 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 鹿兒 |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 鹿 |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 鹿 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 鹿 |
Quanzhou | 鹿 | |
Jinjiang | 鹿 | |
Zhao'an | 鹿仔 | |
Dongshan | 鹿 | |
Taipei | 鹿仔 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 鹿仔 | |
Kaohsiung | 鹿仔 | |
Yilan | 鹿仔 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 鹿仔 | |
Taichung | 鹿仔 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 鹿仔 | |
Tainan | 鹿 | |
Taitung | 鹿 | |
Hsinchu | 鹿仔 | |
Kinmen | 鹿仔 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 鹿 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 鹿 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 鹿 | |
Chaozhou | 鹿 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 鹿 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 鹿 | |
Leizhou | 鹿 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 鹿 |
Min Zhong | Yong'an | 鹿 |
Wu | Shanghai | 鹿 |
Suzhou | 鹿 | |
Wuxi | 鹿 | |
Danyang | 鹿頭 | |
Hangzhou | 鹿 | |
Ningbo | 鹿 | |
Wenzhou | 鹿 | |
Jinhua | 鹿 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 鹿 |
Shuangfeng | 鹿 |
- (political power): 政權/政权 (zhèngquán)
Compounds
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References
- “Entry #8111”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- deer
Readings
- Go-on: ろく (roku)
- Kan-on: ろく (roku)
- Kun: か (ka, 鹿, Jōyō †); しか (shika, 鹿, Jōyō); かせぎ (kasegi, 鹿); かのしし (kanoshishi, 鹿); しし (shishi, 鹿)
Compounds
- 葦鹿 (ashika): sea lion
- 大鹿 (ōjika): moose
- 氈鹿 (kamoshika): serow
- 鹿猪 (shikainoshishi): babirusa
- 鹿肉 (shikaniku): venison
- 麝香鹿 (jakōjika): musk deer
- 馴鹿 (tonakai), 馴鹿 (junroku): reindeer
- 日本鹿 (nihonjika): sika deer
- 馬鹿 (baka): fool
- 麋鹿 (biroku): moose and deer
- 箆鹿 (herajika): moose
- 鹿砦 (rokusai): abatis
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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鹿 |
か Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese.[1]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [ka̠]
Noun
鹿 • (ka)
- (archaic) deer
Derived terms
- 鹿沼 (Kanuma): Kanuma, Tochigi
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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鹿 |
しか Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
/seka/ → /sika/
Originally a compound of 夫 (se, “male”) + 鹿 (ka, “deer”), in contrast to 女鹿 (meka, “female deer”, archaic).[1][2]
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) しか [sh
ìká] (Heiban – [0])[2][3] - (Tokyo) しか [sh
ìkáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[2][3] - IPA(key): [ɕi̥ka̠]
Audio (file)
Noun
鹿 • (shika)
- deer
- 奈良公園には鹿しかいない。
- Nara kōen ni wa shika shika inai.
- There is nothing but deer in Nara Park.
- 奈良公園には鹿しかいない。
Idioms
- 鹿を逐う者は山を見ず (shika o ou mono wa yama o mizu): “someone chasing a deer doesn't see the mountain” → a metaphor for how someone who is fixed on a target can be oblivious to the challenges in the way
Descendants
- ⇒ English: sika deer
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
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鹿 |
かせぎ Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From the resemblance to a 桛木 (kasegi, “cross-shaped spindle; a branching point in a tree”).
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [ka̠se̞ɡʲi]
Noun
鹿 • (kasegi)
- (archaic) deer
- 1212: Hōjōki
- 山鳥のほろと鳴くを聞きても、父か母かと疑ひ、峰のかせぎの近くなれたるにつけても、世に遠ざかるほどを知る。
- Yamadori no horo to naku o kikite mo, chichi ka haha ka to utagahi, mine no kasegi no chikaku naretaru ni tsukete mo, yo ni tōzakaru hodo oshiru.
- Hearing the horo call of the mountain pheasant, wondering if it were my father or mother [calling from beyond the grave], and seeing how the deer on the ridge are so tame that they come close by, all of it shows me how far away I am from the world.
- 山鳥のほろと鳴くを聞きても、父か母かと疑ひ、峰のかせぎの近くなれたるにつけても、世に遠ざかるほどを知る。
- 1212: Hōjōki
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
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鹿 |
かのしし Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
Originally a compound of 鹿 (ka, “deer”) + の (no, possessive particle) + 肉 (しし, “meat, flesh”).[1][2]
Alternative forms
- 鹿の肉
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [ka̠no̞ɕiɕi]
Noun
鹿 • (kanoshishi)
- (archaic) deer
- deer meat: venison
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
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鹿 |
しし Grade: 4 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.[4] From Proto-Japonic *sisi. Cognate with 肉 (shishi, “meat of a beast”).[4]
Alternative forms
- 獣, 猪
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) しし [shíꜜshì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɕiɕi]
Noun
鹿 • (shishi)
- (archaic) a beast (used for its meat, such as a boar or a deer)
- short for 猪武者 (inoshishi musha): a reckless warrior
- short for 鹿狩り (shishi-gari): a deer hunter
- (slang) a female attendant at a bathhouse or hot spring
- (slang, archaic) a female prostitute at a bathhouse or hot spring
Usage notes
The beast sense is more commonly spelled 獣.
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
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鹿 |
ろく Grade: 4 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 鹿 (luwk, “deer”). Compare modern Min Nan reading lo̍k.
Pronunciation
- On’yomi
- (Tokyo) ろく [ròkú] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- IPA(key): [ɾo̞kɯ̟ᵝ]
Noun
鹿 • (roku)
- deer
- venison or wild boar meat
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- “獣・猪・鹿”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- Ichiko, Teiji (1212) Hōjōki (Shintei), Iwanami Shoten, published 1989, →ISBN
- Nishio, Minoru (1957) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 鹿 (MC luk̚). Recorded as Middle Korean 록〮 (lwók) (Yale: lwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
Wikisource鹿 (eumhun 사슴 록 (saseum rok), South Korea 사슴 녹 (saseum nok))
- Hanja form? of 록/녹 (“deer”).
Compounds
- 녹용 (鹿茸, nogyong)
- 녹각 (鹿角, nokgak)
- 순록 (馴鹿, sullok)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
鹿: Hán Nôm readings: lộc, lê
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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