鹹

See also: 醎 and 咸

鹹	U+9E79, 鹹 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9E79

← 鹸
[U+9E78]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鹺 →
[U+9E7A]

Translingual

Han character

鹹 (Kangxi radical 197, 鹵+9, 20 strokes, cangjie input 卜田戈竹口 (YWIHR), four-corner 2365₀, composition ⿰鹵咸)

Related characters

咸 – simplified to an existing character.

References

KangXi: page 1507, character 20

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47553

Dae Jaweon: page 2035, character 22

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4610, character 19

Unihan data for U+9E79

Chinese

trad.		鹹
simp.		咸^*
alternative forms		醎

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (咸) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
感	*kɯːmʔ
鱤	*kɯːmʔ
顑	kʰɯːmʔ, ŋɡrɯːms
轗	kʰɯːmʔ, kʰɯːms
撼	*ɡɯːmʔ
憾	*ɡɯːms
喊	qʰaːmʔ, qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ
緘	*krɯːm
瑊	krɯːm, kjum
黬	krɯːm, ŋɡrɯːm
減	krɯːmʔ, ɡrɯːmʔ
羬	ŋɡrɯːm, ɡram
麙	*ŋɡrɯːm
咸	*ɡrɯːm
鹹	*ɡrɯːm
醎	*ɡrɯːm
諴	*ɡrɯːm
椷	*ɡrɯːm
輱	*ɡrɯːm
鍼	ɡam, ɡram, *kjɯm
箴	*kjɯm
葴	*kjɯm
鱵	*kjum

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡrɯːm) : semantic 鹵 (“salt”) + phonetic 咸 (OC *ɡrɯːm).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hjam (“salty”) or *g-rjum (“salt”); compare Chepang ल्‍हाम्‌सा (hlam‑, “salty (not excessively)”), Jingpho jum (“salt”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xián (xian²)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
(Chengdu, SP): han²
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хан (han, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): haam⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ham³
Gan (Wiktionary): han²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hàm
(Meixian, Guangdong): ham²
Jin (Wiktionary): xie¹
Min Bei (KCR): gěng
Min Dong (BUC): gèng / hàng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiâm / hâm
(Teochew, Peng'im): giam⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): hhe (T3); hhi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): han²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xián
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: sián
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²
  - Yale: syán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕjɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: han²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хан (han, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xæ̃²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: haam⁴
  - Yale: hàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: haam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ham⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːm²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ham³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ham²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: han²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /han²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hàm
  - Hakka Romanization System: hamˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ham²
  - Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ham²
  - Sinological IPA: /ham¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xie¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gěng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /keiŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gèng / hàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛiŋ⁵³/, /haŋ⁵³/

Note:

gèng - vernacular;
hàng - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâm
  - Tâi-lô: kiâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiaam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /kiam²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam²³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiam¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâm
  - Tâi-lô: hâm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haam
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /ham²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham¹³/

Note:

kiâm - vernacular;
hâm - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giam⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiâm
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiam⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: hhe (T3); hhi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦe̞²³/, /ɦi²³/

Note:

3hhe - vernacular;
3hhi - literary.

Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: han²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xan¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 鹹
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕian³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕian²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕian⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Qingdao	/ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕian⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕiã²⁴/ ～陽 /xã²⁴/ ～菜
	Xining	/ɕiã²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕian⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕiɛ̃n⁵³/ /xɛ̃n⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕian⁵¹/ /xan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕiɛn²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xan³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕian²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ̃³¹/
	Nanjing	/ɕien²⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕiĩ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕie¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕiɑŋ¹³/ ～阳 /xɑŋ¹³/ ～菜
	Hohhot	/ɕie³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦe²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦiɪ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦiẽ̞²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦa³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕie⁴⁴/ /xɛ⁴⁴/ ～鹽
Hui	Tunxi	/xɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xan¹³/ ～魚
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦan¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/han²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/ham¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/hɑm¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ham²¹/
	Nanning	/ham²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ham²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ham³⁵/ /kiam³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɛiŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/aŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ham⁵⁵/ /kiam⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ham³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠɛm/

Rime
Character	鹹
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	咸 (151)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡讒切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠɛm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦᵚæm/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɐm/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəɨm/
Li Rong	/ɣɐm/
Wang Li	/ɣɐm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣăm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤr[o]m/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡrɯːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	鹹
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián
Middle Chinese	‹ hɛm ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁr[o]m/
English	salty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鹹
Reading #	1/1
No.	13516
Phonetic component	咸
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	咸
Old Chinese	/*ɡrɯːm/
Notes	鹹轉註字

Definitions

鹹

salty; briny
鹹菜／咸菜 ― xiáncài ― salted vegetables
湯太鹹了。／汤太咸了。 ― Tāng tài xián le. ― The soup is too salty.
(Min Nan) stingy; miserly
(Min Nan) rice topping; viand
(Cantonese) Short for 鹹濕／咸湿 (haam4 sap1, “erotic; pornographic”).
(Yangjiang Cantonese) salt

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 吝嗇 (“stingy; miserly”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		吝, 嗇, 慳, 吝嗇, 慳吝
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		吝嗇, 小氣, 慳吝
Mandarin	Beijing	小氣, 摳, 摳兒, 摳門兒, 小摳兒, 死摳兒, 摳搜, 摳唆, 嗇刻
	Tianjin	摳兒, 摳門兒, 摳唆, 死摳兒, 窮摳兒
	Langfang	摳
	Chengde	摳兒
	Tangshan	摳惜
	Cangzhou	摳兒
	Baoding	摳, 窮摳
	Shijiazhuang	摳, 老摳兒
	Daming	老摳兒
	Chifeng	吝嗇, 摳兒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	小摳兒, 小氣
	Heihe	吝嗇, 摳, 摳門兒, 小摳兒
	Qiqihar	吝嗇, 摳, 摳門兒
	Harbin	摳, 摳門兒, 小摳兒, 摳搜, 小氣, 夾夾咕咕, 玍屄
	Baicheng	吝嗇, 摳
	Changchun	小摳
	Tonghua	摳門兒
	Shenyang	吝嗇, 小摳, 摳
	Dandong	吝嗇, 摳, 小摳兒
	Jinzhou	吝嗇, 摳, 摳搜, 渠
	Dalian	黑饞
	Yantai	摳, 奸
	Yantai (Muping)	摳, 摳搜
	Qingdao	奸, 拤古
	Lijin	摳, 不出息
	Zhucheng	拤古
	Jinan	摳, 摳門兒, 小氣
	Jining	摳
	Luoyang	摳唆, 小氣, 吝嗇
	Wanrong	摳, 小氣
	Shangqiu	摳, 老鱉一
	Yuanyang	摳兒
	Zhengzhou	摳, 尖
	Lingbao	吝嗇, 嗇皮
	Xinyang	尖
	Baihe	嗇皮
	Hanzhong	嗇皮
	Xi'an	小氣, 嗇, 吝嗇, 嗇皮, 摳
	Baoji	嗇皮
	Yinchuan	摳搜, 薄嗇, 嗇, 小氣
	Tianshui	吝嗇
	Lanzhou	摳搜, 嗇皮, 嗇, 小氣
	Dunhuang	嗇
	Xining	摳, 摳皮, 細詳, 搜, 小氣
	Hami	摳
	Ürümqi	摳, 摳搜, 嗇皮, 小氣
	Wuhan	吝嗇, 摳, 慳, 小氣
	Yichang	吝嗇, 嗇, 小氣
	Xiangyang	吝嗇, 雀薄
	Tianmen	吝嗇
	Hong'an	小氣, 慳, 刻薄
	Chengdu	摳, 小氣, 夾, 苟, 嗇, 坎
	Nanchong	吝嗇, 摳
	Hanyuan	嗇
	Xichang	嗇, 坎
	Zigong	吝嗇, 摳
	Chongqing	吝嗇, 夾, 財, 老默, 摳
	Guiyang	摳, 夾摳, 夾殼, 小氣
	Zunyi	摳, 夾殼兒
	Bijie	夾摳, 夾殼
	Liping	吝嗇, 摳, 小氣
	Zhaotong	小氣
	Dali	尖鉤鉤
	Kunming	吝嗇, 小氣, 秀, 秀氣郎當
Mengzi	摳
Guilin	摳
Guilin (Lingui)	吝嗇
Liuzhou	吝嗇, 摳, 沙, 小氣
Liuzhou (Luorong)	吝嗇
Jishou	摳
Changde	摳
Anqing	摳
Xuzhou	搜, 摳, 搜摳兒, 搜摳, 搜屄摳兒, 薄氣, 不出血
Fuyang	吝嗇, 摳, 尖
Wuhu	摳, 尿
Yangzhou	摳, 小氣, 嗇掐, 嗇苛, 嗇, 吝嗇
Lianyungang	吝嗇, 免頭
Lianshui	小氣
Nanjing	摳, 嗇, 小氣, 尿日鬼
Hefei	摳, 小氣, 算小
Nantong	小氣, 嗇掐
Malaysia	吝嗇
Singapore	吝嗇
Cantonese	Guangzhou	孤寒, 慳濕, 鐸叔, 眼緊, 縮骨, 麻米, 小氣
	Hong Kong	孤寒, 鐸叔, 縮骨
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	孤寒
	Macau	孤寒
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	孤寒
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	孤寒
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	孤寒
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	孤寒
	Foshan	孤寒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	孤寒
	Foshan (Shunde)	孤寒
	Foshan (Sanshui)	孤寒
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	孤寒
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	孤寒
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	孤寒
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	孤寒
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	孤寒
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	孤寒
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	孤寒
	Taishan	孤寒, 針屎
	Kaiping (Chikan)	孤寒, 針屎
	Enping (Niujiang)	耳屎, 孤寒
	Heshan (Yayao)	孤寒
	Dongguan	孤寒, 縮骨
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	孤寒
	Qingyuan	孤寒
	Fogang	孤寒
	Yingde (Hanguang)	孤寒
	Yangshan	孤寒
	Lianshan (Butian)	慳
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	孤寒
	Shaoguan	孤寒
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	孤寒
	Renhua	孤寒
	Lechang	孤寒
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	孤寒
	Sihui	孤寒
	Guangning	孤寒
	Deqing	孤寒
	Huaiji	孤寒
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	孤寒
	Yunfu	孤寒
	Xinxing	孤寒
	Luoding	孤寒
	Yunan (Pingtai)	孤寒
	Yangjiang	孤寒, 小格
	Xinyi	孤寒
	Lianjiang	小氣, 慳嗇
	Nanning	孤寒, 小氣
	Wuzhou	孤寒
	Beiliu (Tangliao)	慳
	Lingshan	慳
	Pubei	慳
	Beihai	慳濕, 孤寒
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	孤寒
	Danzhou	細氣
	Singapore (Guangfu)	孤寒
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	小氣
	Móng Cái	孤寒
Gan	Nanchang	嗇, 小氣
	Lichuan	慳吝, 小氣
	Pingxiang	肋嗇, 嗇魔, 小氣
Hakka	Meixian	齧, 齧察, 歪, 孤寒, 皮西艾曬, 唆嗇, 淒老
	Xingning	歪
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	孤寒, 蔑屑
	Huidong (Daling)	小氣, 孤寒
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	孤寒
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	孤寒
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	孤寒
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	孤寒
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	孤寒
	Changting	癄
	Wuping	齧
	Wuping (Pingyu)	歪, 齧察
	Ninghua	精
	Yudu	小氣, 小相
	Ruijin	小氣
	Shangyou (Shexi)	精, 小氣
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	齧, 齧察, 鹹合澀, 鹹澀
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	齧, 齧察, 齧唧, 鹹合澀, 鹹澀
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	齧, 齧察, 齧合澀, 澀齧
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	齧, 齧察, 鹹合澀
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	齧察, 齧合澀
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	硞, 虯, 鹹合澀
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	摳
	Beiliu (Tang'an)	小氣
Huizhou	Jixi	小毛, 小氣, 小鬼
Huizhou	Shexian	小氣, 吃小米
Jin	Taiyuan	小氣, 摳索, 吝嗇
	Pingyao	摳, 小氣
	Yangyuan	吝嗇, 摳, 磨慳, 慳
	Datong	吝嗇, 摳
	Xinzhou	鬼祟, 小氣
	Lishi	摳
	Linfen	摳
	Changzhi	摳, 慳, 摳搜
	Linhe	憋, 缺
	Jining	摳
	Hohhot	小氣
	Erenhot	摳, 小氣
	Pingshan	摳唆
	Zhangjiakou	摳門兒, 摳, 吝嗇
	Handan	小氣, 摳兒門兒, 摳兒, 嗇結頭
	Linzhou	摳
	Suide	嗇
Min Bei	Jian'ou	嗇鄙, 小癖氣
	Songxi	小氣
	Zhenghe	嗇鄙
	Jianyang	嗇鄙
	Wuyishan	嗇
	Pucheng (Shibei)	嗇
Min Dong	Fuzhou	貽順, 奸狡, 奸狡利, 小氣
Min Dong	Fuqing	小氣, 𣍐捨, 奸小利
Min Nan	Xiamen	枵鬼, 譴相, 小鄙臉, 貓, 貓神, 貓𡳞 vulgar, 貓潲 vulgar, 㾀屎 vulgar, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹掛澀, 雞孫, 凍霜, 攝屎, 鄙釐, 虯, 竭, 𣍐做儂
	Quanzhou	枵鬼, 譴相, 貓, 貓𡳞 vulgar, 貓潲 vulgar, 㾀屎 vulgar, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹掛澀, 雞孫, 捻𡳞 vulgar, 捻, 鄙釐, 虯, 𣍐做儂
	Zhangzhou	枵鬼, 小鬼臉, 㾀屎庀 vulgar, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹澀韌, 蟯, 蟯鬼, 蟯疕, 桶庀, 鄙釐, 毛絲, 虯, 𣍐做儂, 雞攝膣, 攝雞膣, 攝屎, 𠢕儉
	Zhangpu	枝釐
	Yunxiao	夾絲
	Taipei	牛螕, 凍霜, 鹹澀
	Taipei (Wanhua)	凍霜
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	凍霜, 鹹澀, 牛螕, 孤獨
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	牛螕, 苛頭, 凍霜, 鹹澀
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	孤霜, 㾀屎
	Kaohsiung	牛螕, 凍霜, 鹹澀, 硞
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	凍霜, 硞
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	凍霜, 鹹澀, 苛頭, 硞, 虯
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	凍霜, 鹹澀, 苛頭, 硞, 虯
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	凍霜, 苛頭
	Yilan	凍霜, 貓筩, 鹹澀, 虯
	Changhua (Lukang)	虯, 凍霜, 硞, 鹹澀
	Taichung	凍霜, 硞, 硞仔頭
	Taichung (Wuqi)	凍霜
	Tainan	虯, 苛頭, 凍霜, 硞, 鹹澀
	Tainan (Anping)	凍霜, 鹹澀, 硞, 虯
	Taitung	凍霜
	Hsinchu	凍霜, 鹹澀, 㾀屎 vulgar, 鹹
	Kinmen	凍霜, 孤霜, 鹹澀
	Penghu (Magong)	凍霜, 孤霜, 鹹澀, 牛螕, 虯
	Penghu (Xiyu)	孤獨, 凍霜, 鹹澀, 苛頭
	Penang (Hokkien)	鹹澀, 鹹
	Singapore (Hokkien)	枵鬼, 貓, 鹹, 澀, 鹹澀, 鹹掛澀, 貓潲 vulgar, 貓𡳞 vulgar, 㾀屎 vulgar
	Manila (Hokkien)	鹹澀, 貓潲 vulgar
	Datian	澀鼻
	Chaozhou	鹹澀
	Shantou	鹹澀
	Jieyang	鹹澀, 酸澀
	Singapore (Teochew)	鹹澀, 貓
	Leizhou	慳, 慳嘜, 刻目, 刺麻
	Wenchang	鹹澀, 細氣
	Haikou	鹹澀
	Singapore (Hainanese)	鹹澀, 鹹
Puxian Min	Putian	鹹澀
Puxian Min	Xianyou	鹹澀
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	孤寒
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	孤寒, 孽屎
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	小氣, 小相
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Chaoyang)	小氣
	Guilin (Zhuyuan)	吝嗇
	Lingchuan (Tanxia)	小氣
Wu	Shanghai	小氣, 密屑, 賅刁, 摳, 刮皮, 酷, 刁, 勿爽氣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	小氣
	Suzhou	小氣, 算小, 掐
	Wuxi	小氣, 嗇
	Changzhou	小氣
	Danyang	嗇掐, 小氣
	Hangzhou	小氣, 精馬, 精巴
	Ningbo	小氣, 刮皮
	Wenzhou	小氣, 貓, 吃不得
	Jinhua	小氣, 刻嗇, 貓涴
Xiang	Changsha	吝毛, 小氣, 摳, 疜
	Loudi	小相
	Shuangfeng	小氣
	Quanzhou	吝嗇
	Guanyang (Wenshi)	小相

Dialectal synonyms of 鹽 (“(table) salt”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鹽, 食鹽
Mandarin	Beijing	鹽
	Taiwan	鹽巴, 鹽
	Tianjin	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Bayanhot	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	鹽
	Harbin	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Yantai (Muping)	鹹鹽
	Qingdao	鹹鹽
	Jinan	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Luoyang	鹽
	Wanrong	鹽
	Zhengzhou	鹽
	Xi'an	鹽
	Yinchuan	鹽
	Lanzhou	鹽
	Xining	鹽
	Ürümqi	鹹鹽
	Ürümqi (Xigou)	鹽, 鹹鹽
	Wuhan	鹽
	Chengdu	鹽巴, 鹽
	Guiyang	鹽巴, 落水消 jargon
	Kunming	鹽巴
	Guilin	鹽
	Liuzhou	鹽
	Xuzhou	鹽
	Yangzhou	鹽
	Nanjing	鹽
	Hefei	鹽
	Singapore	鹽
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	鹽
Cantonese	Guangzhou	鹽, 上味
	Hong Kong	鹽
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	鹽, 海沙
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	鹽
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	鹽
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	鹽
	Macau	鹽
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	鹽
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	鹽
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	鹽
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	鹽
	Foshan	鹽
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	鹽
	Foshan (Shunde)	鹽
	Foshan (Sanshui)	鹽
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	鹽
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	鹽
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	鹽
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	上味
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	上味
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	鹽
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	上味
	Taishan	上味
	Kaiping (Chikan)	上味
	Enping (Niujiang)	上味
	Heshan (Yayao)	鹽
	Dongguan	鹽
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	鹽
	Shenzhen (Dapeng)	鹽
	Qingyuan	鹽
	Fogang	鹽
	Yingde (Hanguang)	生鹽
	Yangshan	鹽
	Lianshan (Butian)	鹽
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	鹽
	Shaoguan	鹽
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	鹽
	Renhua	鹽
	Lechang	鹽
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	鹽
	Sihui	鹽
	Guangning	鹽
	Deqing	鹽
	Huaiji	鹽
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	鹽
	Yunfu	鹽
	Xinxing	鹽
	Luoding	鹽
	Yunan (Pingtai)	鹽
	Yangjiang	鹽, 鹹
	Xinyi	鹽
	Lianjiang	鹽
	Nanning	鹽
	Wuzhou	鹽
	Yulin	鹽
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	鹽
	Beihai	鹽
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	鹽
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	鹽
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	鹽
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	鹽
	Singapore (Guangfu)	鹽
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	鹽
	Móng Cái	鹽
Yangon (Taishan)	上味
Mandalay (Taishan)	鹽
Gan	Nanchang	鹽
	Lichuan	鹽
	Pingxiang	鹽
Hakka	Meixian	鹽
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	鹽
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	鹽
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	鹽
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	鹽
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	鹽
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	鹽
	Conghua (Lütian)	鹽
	Yudu	鹽
	Taoyuan	鹽
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鹽
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鹽
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	鹽
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	鹽
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	鹽
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	鹽
	Hong Kong	鹽
	Luchuan (Daqiao)	鹽
	Senai (Huiyang)	鹽
	Singkawang	鹽
Huizhou	Jixi	鹽
	Shexian	鹹鹽, 海沙
	Tunxi	鹽
Jin	Taiyuan	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Pingyao	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Xinzhou	鹹鹽, 鹽
	Linhe	鹹鹽
	Hohhot	鹹鹽
Min Bei	Jian'ou	鹽
	Jian'ou (Dikou)	鹽
	Zhenghe (Zhenqian)	鹽
	Pucheng (Shibei)	鹽
Min Dong	Fuzhou	鹽
	Fuqing	鹽
	Matsu	鹽
Min Nan	Xiamen	鹽
	Quanzhou	鹽
	Zhangzhou	鹽
	Taipei	鹽
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	鹽
	Kinmen	鹽
	Penghu (Magong)	鹽
	Penang (Hokkien)	鹽
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鹽
	Manila (Hokkien)	鹽
	Zhangping	鹽
	Zhangping (Yongfu)	鹽
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	鹽
	Chaozhou	鹽
	Shantou	鹽
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	鹽
	Bangkok (Teochew)	鹽
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	鹽
	Singapore (Teochew)	鹽
	Haikou	鹽
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	鹽
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	鹽
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	鹽
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	鹽
Shehua	Fu'an	鹽
	Fuding	鹽
	Luoyuan	鹽
	Sanming	鹽
	Shunchang	鹽
	Hua'an	鹽
	Guixi (Zhangping)	鹽
	Cangnan	鹽
	Jingning	鹽
	Lishui	鹽
	Longyou	鹽
	Chaozhou	鹽
	Fengshun	鹽
Wu	Shanghai	鹽
	Shanghai (Chongming)	鹽
	Suzhou	鹽
	Wuxi	鹽
	Danyang	鹽
	Hangzhou	鹽
	Ningbo	鹽
	Wenzhou	鹽
	Jinhua	鹽
Xiang	Changsha	鹽
	Xiangtan	鹽
	Xiangxiang	鹽
	Loudi	鹽
	Shuangfeng	鹽
	Quanzhou	鹽

Compounds

八珍鹹粥／八珍咸粥
半鹹水湖／半咸水湖
托葷鹹食／托荤咸食
舄鹹／舄咸
說鹹道淡／说咸道淡
酸鹹／酸咸
酸鹹苦辣／酸咸苦辣
鯹鹹／鯹咸
鹵鹹／卤咸
鹹丸子／咸丸子
鹹味／咸味 (xiánwèi)
鹹嘴淡舌／咸嘴淡舌
鹹土／咸土
鹹壤／咸壤
鹹杬子／咸杬子
鹹水／咸水 (xiánshuǐ)
鹹水妹／咸水妹 (xiánshuǐmèi)
鹹水湖／咸水湖 (xiánshuǐhú)
鹹水魚／咸水鱼 (xiánshuǐyú)
鹹汁／咸汁
鹹池／咸池

鹹泉／咸泉
鹹海／咸海 (Xiánhǎi)
鹹浸浸／咸浸浸
鹹淡／咸淡 (xiándàn)
鹹湖／咸湖
鹹溜溜／咸溜溜
鹹潟／咸潟
鹹潮／咸潮 (xiáncháo)
鹹澀／咸涩 (xiánsè)
鹹濕／咸湿 (xiánshī)
鹹片／咸片
鹹絲絲／咸丝丝
鹹肉／咸肉 (xiánròu)
鹹肉莊／咸肉庄
鹹腥／咸腥
鹹臭／咸臭
鹹舄／咸舄
鹹苦／咸苦
鹹草／咸草
鹹菜／咸菜 (xiáncài)

鹹菹／咸菹
鹹葅／咸葅
鹹虀／咸虀
鹹蛋／咸蛋 (xiándàn)
鹹蟲／咸虫
鹹解／咸解
鹹豉／咸豉
鹹豬手／咸猪手 (xiánzhūshǒu)
鹹酸／咸酸 (xiánsuān)
鹹風蛋雨／咸风蛋雨
鹹魚／咸鱼 (xiányú)
鹹魚翻生／咸鱼翻生
鹹魚翻身／咸鱼翻身 (xiányú fānshēn)
鹹鴨卵／咸鸭卵
鹹鴨蛋／咸鸭蛋 (xiányādàn)
鹹鹵／咸卤
鹹鹺／咸鹾
鹹鹽／咸盐 (xiányán)
鹹龍／咸龙
鹺鹹／鹾咸

Descendants

→ Proto-Southwestern Tai: *ɡemᴬ

Japanese

Kanji

鹹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

salty

Readings

Kan-on: かん (kan)

Kun: しおからい (shiokarai, 鹹い); しょっぱい (shoppai, 鹹い); しおけ (shioke)

Compounds

鹹湖(かんこ) (kanko)
鹹水(かんすい) (kansui)
鹹水湖(かんすいこ) (kansuiko)
鹹味(かんみ) (kanmi)
半鹹水(はんかんすい) (hankansui)

Korean

Hanja

鹹 (eumhun 짤 함 (jjal ham))

Hanja form^? of 함 (“salty”).

鹹 (eumhun 다 함 (da ham))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鹹: Hán Nôm readings: hàm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.