阿羅漢

阿羅漢

See also: 阿罗汉

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (阿羅漢)		阿	羅	漢
simp. (阿罗汉)		阿	罗	汉

Etymology

Phonetic borrowing from Pali arahant, ultimately from Sanskrit अर्हत् (árhat, “worthy of worship”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): āluóhàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): aa³ lo⁴ hon³

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: āluóhàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄚ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄏㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: aluóhàn
    • Wade–Giles: a¹-lo²-han⁴
    • Yale: ā-lwó-hàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aluohann
    • Palladius: алохань (aloxanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀä⁵⁵ lwɔ³⁵ xän⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: aa³ lo⁴ hon³
    • Yale: a lòh hon
    • Cantonese Pinyin: aa³ lo⁴ hon³
    • Guangdong Romanization: a³ lo⁴ hon³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /aː³³ lɔː²¹ hɔːn³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔɑ  lɑ  hɑn^H/

Rime
Character	阿	羅	漢
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	來 (37)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	歌 (94)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I	I
Fanqie	烏何切	魯何切	呼旰切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɑ/	/lɑ/	/hɑnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɑ/	/lɑ/	/hɑnH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔɑ/	/lɑ/	/xɑnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔa/	/la/	/hanH/
Li Rong	/ʔɑ/	/lɑ/	/xɑnH/
Wang Li	/ɑ/	/lɑ/	/xɑnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔɑ/	/lɑ/	/xɑnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ē	luó	hàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	o1	lo4	hon3

Noun

阿羅漢

1. (Buddhism) arhat (saint of one of the higher ranks)

Synonyms

• (short form) 羅漢／罗汉 (luóhàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (阿羅漢):

• → Japanese: 阿(あ)羅(ら)漢(かん) (arakan)
• → Korean: 아라한(阿羅漢) (arahan)
• → Vietnamese: A-la-hán (阿羅漢)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “阿羅漢” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
阿	羅	漢
あ Jinmeiyō	ら Grade: S	かん Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
阿羅漢 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) あら​かん [àráꜜkàǹ] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [a̠ɾa̠kã̠ɴ]

Noun

阿(あ)羅(ら)漢(かん) • (arakan) 

1. (Buddhism) an arhat

Derived terms

• 羅(ら)漢(かん) (rakan, clipping)

Related terms

• 阿(あ)羅(ら)漢(かん)果(か) (arakanka)

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Korean

Hanja in this term
阿	羅	漢

Noun

阿羅漢 • (arahan) (hangeul 아라한)

1. Hanja form^? of 아라한 (“arhat”).

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Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
阿	羅	漢

Noun

阿羅漢

1. chữ Hán form of A-la-hán (“arhat”).