那由他

那由他

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (那由他)		那	由	他
simp. #(那由他)		那	由	他

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नयुत (nayuta, “myriad”), by Buddhist translators in the 4th century.

The current usage as the number 10⁶⁰ was re-imported from the Japanese usage which first fixed by the Jinkōki (塵劫記), 1634.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): nàyóutā

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄚ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: nàyóutā
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ ㄧㄡˊ ㄊㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: nàyóuta
    • Wade–Giles: na⁴-yu²-tʻa¹
    • Yale: nà-yóu-tā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nahyouta
    • Palladius: наюта (najuta)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nä⁵¹ joʊ̯³⁵ tʰä⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /nɑ  jɨu  tʰɑ/

Rime
Character	那	由	他
Reading #	1/3	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	以 (36)	透 (6)
Final (韻)	歌 (94)	尤 (136)	歌 (94)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III	I
Fanqie	諾何切	以周切	託何切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nɑ/	/jɨu/	/tʰɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/nɑ/	/jiu/	/tʰɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɑ/	/iəu/	/tʰɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/na/	/juw/	/tʰa/
Li Rong	/nɑ/	/iu/	/tʰɑ/
Wang Li	/nɑ/	/jĭəu/	/tʰɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/nɑ/	/i̯ə̯u/	/tʰɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nuó	yóu	tuō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	no4	jau4	to1

Noun

那由他

1. the number 10⁶⁰
2. (Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (那由他):

• → Japanese: 那(な)由(ゆ)他(た) (nayuta)
• → Korean: 나유타(那由他) (nayuta)

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Japanese

Kanji in this term
那	由	他
な Grade: S	ゆ Grade: 3	た Grade: 3
goon

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) なゆた [nàyútá] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [na̠jɯ̟ᵝta̠]

Noun

那(な)由(ゆ)他(た) • (nayuta) 

1. In the traditional Japanese number system, 10⁶⁰ or one novemdecillion of the American system.
2. (Buddhism, historical) extremely large number, usually interpreted as the number 10²⁸

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
那	由	他

Noun

那由他 • (nayuta) (hangeul 나유타)

1. Hanja form^? of 나유타.