違

See also: 违

違	U+9055, 違 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9055

← 達
[U+9054]

CJK Unified Ideographs

遖 →
[U+9056]

Translingual

Han character

違 (Kangxi radical 162, 辵+9, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 12 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 卜木一手 (YDMQ), four-corner 3430₄, composition ⿺辶韋)

Derived characters

𮉏

References

KangXi: page 1262, character 11

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39067

Dae Jaweon: page 1756, character 3

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3868, character 4

Unihan data for U+9055

Chinese

trad.		違
simp.		违

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (韋) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
禕	*qral
郼	*qʷɯl
褘	*qʰʷɯl
諱	*qʰʷɯls
媁	qʷɯl, ɢʷɯlʔ
幃	*ɢʷɯl
違	*ɢʷɯl
圍	ɢʷɯl, ɢʷɯls
韋	*ɢʷɯl
闈	*ɢʷɯl
湋	*ɢʷɯl
鍏	ɢʷɯl, ɢʷɯlʔ
潿	*ɢɯl
韙	*ɢʷɯlʔ
煒	*ɢʷɯlʔ
暐	*ɢʷɯlʔ
偉	*ɢʷɯlʔ
瑋	*ɢʷɯlʔ
葦	*ɢʷɯlʔ
椲	*ɢʷɯlʔ
韡	*ɢʷɯlʔ
愇	*ɢʷɯlʔ
緯	*ɢʷɯls

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɢʷɯl) : semantic 辶 + phonetic 韋 (OC *ɢʷɯl).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): wéi (wei²)
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˊ
(Chengdu, SP): wei²
Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): ûi
(Teochew, Peng'im): ui⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wéi
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wéi
  - Wade–Giles: wei²
  - Yale: wéi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wei
  - Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: wei²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /uei²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wai⁴
  - Yale: wàih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: wei⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²¹/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ûi
  - Tâi-lô: uî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: uii
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ui²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ui²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ui¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ui²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ui²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ui⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ûi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /ɦʉi/

Rime
Character	違
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	雨非切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉi/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨi/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuəi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦuj/
Li Rong	/ɣiuəi/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwəi/
Bernard Karlgren	/we̯i/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wéi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	違
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wéi
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwɨj ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə[j]/
English	go against
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	違
Reading #	1/1
No.	12815
Phonetic component	韋
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	幃
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯl/

Definitions

違

to disobey, to violate
違規／违规 ― wéiguī ― to violate regulations
- 孝子之養老也，樂其心不違其志。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  孝子之养老也，乐其心不违其志。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Xiàozǐ zhī yǎnglǎo yě, lè qí xīn bù wéi qí zhì. [Pinyin]
  A filial son, in nourishing his aged, (seeks to) make their hearts glad, and not to go against their wishes.
^† to leave; to depart; to go away from
- 何斯違斯，莫敢遑息？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  何斯违斯，莫敢遑息？ [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Hé sī wéi sī, mò gǎn huáng xī? [Pinyin]
  How was it he went away from this, not daring to take a little rest?
^† to be separated by (a distance of); to be apart by
^† to dodge; to avoid

Compounds

Derived terms from 違

不得有違／不得有违
不違／不违
不違農時／不违农时 (bùwéinóngshí)
久違／久违 (jiǔwéi)
久違顏範／久违颜范
乖違／乖违
事與願違／事与愿违 (shìyǔyuànwéi)
依違／依违
依違兩可／依违两可
南北睽違／南北睽违
多違／多违
實質違建／实质违建
尤違／尤违
弼違／弼违
德音莫違／德音莫违
悖理違情／悖理违情
暌違／暌违
犯法違理／犯法违理
玉體違和／玉体违和
相違／相违 (xiāngwéi)
睽違／睽违 (kuíwéi)
程序違建／程序违建
糾繆繩違／纠缪绳违
負心違願／负心违愿
貴體違和／贵体违和

辟違／辟违
逆天違理／逆天违理
逆理違天／逆理违天
違世遁俗／违世遁俗
違令／违令 (wéilìng)
違例／违例 (wéilì)
違信背約／违信背约
違利赴名／违利赴名
違反／违反 (wéifǎn)
違命／违命
違和／违和 (wéihé)
違天害理／违天害理
違天悖理／违天悖理
違害就利／违害就利
違建／违建 (wéijiàn)
違強陵弱／违强陵弱
違心／违心 (wéixīn)
違心之言／违心之言
違心之論／违心之论
違恩負義／违恩负义
違憲／违宪 (wéixiàn)
違抗／违抗 (wéikàng)
違拗／违拗 (wéi'ào)
違旨／违旨

違時絕俗／违时绝俗
違法／违法 (wéifǎ)
違法亂紀／违法乱纪 (wéifǎluànjì)
違犯／违犯 (wéifàn)
違礙／违碍 (wéi'ài)
違禁／违禁 (wéijìn)
違禁品／违禁品 (wéijìnpǐn)
違章建築／违章建筑
違紀／违纪 (wéijì)
違紀參選／违纪参选
違約／违约 (wéiyuē)
違約交割／违约交割
違約金／违约金 (wéiyuējīn)
違背／违背 (wéibèi)
違規／违规 (wéiguī)
違言／违言
違誤／违误 (wéiwù)
違警／违警
違警罰法／违警罚法
違越／违越
違逆／违逆 (wéinì)
陽奉陰違／阳奉阴违 (yángfèngyīnwéi)
陽順陰違／阳顺阴违
隱不違親／隐不违亲

Japanese

Shinjitai	違
Kyūjitai [1]	違󠄂 違+`󠄂`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	違󠄅 違+`󠄅`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji

違

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

to differ, to vary
to be incorrect, to make a mistake
to run counter to, to go against, to defy

Readings

Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
Kun: ちがう (chigau, 違う, Jōyō)^{←ちがふ (tigafu, historical)}; ちがえる (chigaeru, 違える, Jōyō); さる (saru, 違る); そむく (somuku, 違く); たがう (tagau, 違う)^{←たがふ (tagafu, historical)}; よこしま (yokoshima, 違)

Compounds

勘(かん)違(ちが)い (kanchigai)
筋(す)違(じか)い, 筋(す)違(じかい) (sujikai)
方(かた)違(たが)い (katatagai)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
違
い Grade: S
on’yomi

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 違 (MC ɦʉi).

Pronunciation

On’yomi

IPA^(key): [i]

Affix

違(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)^?}

differ; vary
go against; run counter to; disobey

Derived terms

違(い)令(れい) (irei)
違(い)例(れい) (irei)
違(い)反(はん) (ihan)
違(い)和(わ)感(かん) (iwakan)
違(い)失(しつ) (ishitsu)
違(い)憲(けん) (iken)
違(い)法(ほう) (ihō)
違(い)犯(はん) (ihan)
違(い)算(さん) (isan)
違(い)約(やく) (iyaku)
違(い)背(はい) (ihai)
相(そう)違(い) (sōi)
非(ひ)違(い) (hii)

References

“違”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

Korean

Hanja

違 • (wi) (hangeul 위, revised wi, McCune–Reischauer wi, Yale wi)

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Vietnamese

Han character

違: Hán Nôm readings: vi

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[1] “違”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023