蛙

蛙	U+86D9, 蛙 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-86D9

← 蛘
[U+86D8]

CJK Unified Ideographs

蛚 →
[U+86DA]

Translingual

Han character

蛙 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 中戈土土 (LIGG), four-corner 5411₄, composition ⿰虫圭)

References

KangXi: page 1081, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32997
Dae Jaweon: page 1549, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2847, character 3
Unihan data for U+86D9

Chinese

simp. and trad.		蛙
alternative forms		鼃

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (圭) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
街	kreː, kreː
鞋	ɡreː, ɡreː, *ɡreː
娾	ŋreː, ŋreːʔ
佳	*kreː
鮭	ɡreː, kʷeː, *kʰʷeː
涯	ŋreː, ŋre
崖	ŋreː, ŋre
啀	*ŋreː
厓	*ŋreː
捱	*ŋreː
睚	*ŋreːs
娃	*qreː
洼	qreː, qʷraː, *kʷeː
哇	qreː, qʷraː
胿	ɡeː, kʷeː
溎	*qeːns
觟	*ɡʷraːʔ
黊	ɡʷraːʔ, ɡʷreːs, *ɡʷeː
蘳	ɡʷraːʔ, qʰʷe
蛙	qʷraː, qʷreː
窪	*qʷraː
卦	*kʷreːs
挂	*kʷreːs
掛	*kʷreːs
詿	kʷreːs, ɡʷreːs
罣	kʷreːs, ɡʷreːs, *kʷeːs
絓	kʰʷreː, ɡʷreːs
鼃	ɢʷreː, qʷreː
圭	*kʷeː
珪	*kʷeː
邽	*kʷeː
閨	*kʷeː
袿	*kʷeː
窐	kʷeː, ɡʷeː
茥	kʷeː, kʰʷeː
桂	*kʷeːs
筀	*kʷeːs
奎	*kʰʷeː
刲	*kʰʷeː
蝰	*kʰʷeː
楏	*kʰʷeː
睳	*qʰʷeː
畦	*ɡʷeː
眭	ɡʷeː, sqʰʷe, qʰʷe, qʰʷi
烓	qʷeː, kʰʷeːŋʔ
跬	*kʰʷeʔ
恚	*qʷes
硅	*qʰʷreɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qʷraː, *qʷreː) : semantic 虫 (“insect; creature”) + phonetic 圭 (OC *kʷeː).

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Onomatopoeic?”)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): wā (wa¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄨㄚ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waa¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vâ
Min Bei (KCR): uá
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): oa
(Teochew, Peng'im): ua¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: wā
  - Zhuyin: ㄨㄚ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: wa
  - Wade–Giles: wa¹
  - Yale: wā
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ua
  - Palladius: ва (va)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wä⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: waa¹
  - Yale: wā
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waa¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: wa¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waː⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vâ
  - Hakka Romanization System: va´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: va¹
  - Sinological IPA: /va²⁴/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: uá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua⁵⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oa
  - Tâi-lô: ua
  - Phofsit Daibuun: oaf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ua³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ua⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ua⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ua¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ua
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ua³³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 蛙
Mandarin	Beijing	/ua⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/ua²⁴/
	Tianjin	/vɑ²¹/
	Jinan	/va⁴²/
	Qingdao	/va²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/ua²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ua²¹/
	Xining	/ua⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/va⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/va⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/va⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/ua⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/ua⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/ua⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/ua̠⁴⁴/
	Nanjing	/uɑ³¹/
	Hefei	/ua²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/va¹¹/
	Pingyao	/uɑ¹³/
	Hohhot	/va³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/o⁵³/
	Suzhou	/o⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/ʔuɑ³³/
	Wenzhou	/o³³/
Hui	Shexian	/ua³¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ua¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ua³³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/uɒ³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/uɑ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/va⁴⁴/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wa⁵⁵/
	Nanning	/wa⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/wa⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ua⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ua⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ua⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/ua³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ua²³/

Middle Chinese: /ʔˠuɛ/, /ʔˠua/

Rime
Character	蛙	蛙
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	佳 (32)	麻 (99)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	烏媧切	烏瓜切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔˠuɛ/	/ʔˠua/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔʷᵚæ/	/ʔʷᵚa/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔuæi/	/ʔua/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔwaɨj/	/ʔwaɨ/
Li Rong	/ʔuɛ/	/ʔua/
Wang Li	/wai/	/wa/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔwai/	/ʔwa/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wā	wā
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waai¹	waa¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷˤre/, /*qʷˤre/, /*m-qʷˤre/, /*m-qʷˤre/
(Zhengzhang): /*qʷraː/, /*qʷreː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	蛙	蛙	蛙	蛙
Reading #	1/4	2/4	3/4	4/4
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wā	wā	wā	wā
Middle Chinese	‹ 'wae ›	‹ 'wea ›	‹ hwae ›	‹ hwea ›
Old Chinese	/*qʷˁre/ (MC -ae for -ea)	/*qʷˁre/	/*m-qʷˁre/ (MC -ae for -ea)	/*m-qʷˁre/
English	frog	frog	frog	frog
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蛙	蛙
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	4552	4567
Phonetic component	圭	圭
Rime group	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	窊	蛙
Old Chinese	/*qʷraː/	/*qʷreː/
Notes	見漢書即說文鼃	見漢書即說文鼃

Definitions

蛙

frog

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 青蛙 (“frog”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		蛙
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		青蛙
Taxonomic name		蛙
Mandarin	Beijing	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Taiwan	青蛙, 田雞
	Tianjin	蛤蟆
	Langfang	蛤蟆
	Chengde	蛤蟆
	Tangshan	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Cangzhou	蛤蟆
	Xianxian (Xiaoying)	蛤蟆
	Baoding	田雞
	Shijiazhuang	蛤蟆
	Daming	蛤蟆
	Chifeng	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	蛤蟆
	Heihe	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Qiqihar	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Harbin	蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子
	Wuchang (Yingchengzi)	蛤蟆
	Jiamusi	青蛙, 青乖子
	Baicheng	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Changchun	蛤蟆
	Tonghua	蛤蟆
	Shenyang	蛤蟆, 青蛙, 青乖子, 田雞
	Dandong	青蛙, 青蛙子, 蛤蟆
	Jinzhou	青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青罐兒
	Yantai	青崴子
	Yantai (Muping)	蚧巴子, 張拉崴子, 張崴子
	Qingdao	青崴, 崴子
	Lijin	蛤蟆
	Zhucheng	歪子
	Jinan	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Jining	蛤蟆, 水雞兒
	Luoyang	蛤蟆
	Wanrong	水雞子
	Shangqiu	青蛙, 蛤蟆, 水雞
	Yuanyang	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Zhengzhou	蛤蟆
	Lingbao	蛤蟆
	Xinyang	蛤蟆
	Baihe	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Hanzhong	青蛙
	Xi'an	蛤蟆, 青蛙, 田雞
	Baoji	青蛙
	Yinchuan	田畝雞, 青蛙
	Tianshui	青雞
	Lanzhou	青蛙, 金蛤蟆, 長腿癩蛤蟆
	Dunhuang	青蛙
	Xining	青蛙
	Hami	癩呱呱
	Ürümqi	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Wuhan	蛤蟆, 綠蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
	Yichang	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆
	Xiangyang	蛤蟆
	Tianmen	青蛙, 蛤蟆
	Hong'an	蛤蟆, 水雞
	Chengdu	蜞蟆兒, 青蜞蟆兒, 青蛙, 田雞
	Nanchong	青蛙, 田雞
	Dazhou	蛤蟆兒
	Hanyuan	青瘸蟆
	Xichang	青蛙
	Zigong	青蛙, 蛤蟆兒
	Chongqing	瘸滾兒
	Guiyang	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 石蚌
	Zunyi	蛤蟆
	Bijie	蛤蟆, 青蛤蟆
Liping	蛤蟆, 青皮蛤蟆
Zhaotong	青蛙, 田雞, 石蚌
Dali	青蛙, 田雞, 青雞
Kunming	青蛙, 田雞
Mengzi	青蛙
Guilin	蟆𧊅
Guanyang	蟆𧊅
Lipu	屎𧊅
Pingle	蟆𧊅, 田雞
Yangshuo	蟆𧊅
Liuzhou	蟆𧊅
Luzhai	蟆𧊅, 田雞
Nanning (Wuming)	蟆𧊅, 青蛙
Binyang (Nanjie)	蟆𧊅
Yizhou	青蛙, 蟆𧊅 big, 田雞 big, 蟆𧊅崽 small
Luocheng (Dongmen)	蟆𧊅
Xiangzhou (Nalu)	蟆𧊅
Jishou	青蛤蟆
Changde	蛤蟆, 田雞
Anqing	蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Xuzhou	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤蟆, 水雞兒
Fuyang	青蛙, 蛤蟆
Wuhu	蛤蟆, 田雞
Yangzhou	田雞子, 田雞, 水雞子
Lianyungang	田雞子, 田雞, 蛙子
Lianshui	青蛙子
Nanjing	田雞, 水雞, 蛤蟆, 青蛙
Hefei	蛤蟆, 田雞, 青蛙
Chuzhou	田雞
Nantong	田雞
Malaysia	青蛙
Singapore	青蛙, 田雞 as food
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	懶呱子
Cantonese	Guangzhou	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
	Hong Kong	青蛙, 田雞, 蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	蛤𧊅, 蛤乸
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	蛤
	Macau	田雞
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	田雞
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	蛤乸
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	蛤乸
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	田雞
	Foshan	青蛙, 田雞
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	雙養
	Foshan (Shunde)	田雞
	Foshan (Sanshui)	蛤乸
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	蛤乸
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	田雞
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	田雞
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	田雞
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	田雞
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	蛤
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	田雞, 蛤
	Taishan	田雞, 蛤𧊅
	Kaiping (Chikan)	田雞
	Enping (Niujiang)	田雞
	Heshan (Yayao)	田雞
	Dongguan	蛤, 田雞
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	蛤
	Yangjiang	蛤, 田雞
	Xinyi	蛤乸, 蛤𧊅
	Nanning	蛤乸
	Beihai	田雞, 蛤乸
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	田雞, 蛤乸
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	田雞, 蛤乸
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	田雞, 蛤乸
	Danzhou	蛤
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	田雞, 青蛙
	Singapore (Guangfu)	田雞
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	田雞
	Móng Cái	田雞, 千里馬
Gan	Nanchang	蛤蟆, 田雞, 老蛤
	Lichuan	蛤蟆
	Pingxiang	鬼蛤蟆
Hakka	Meixian	𧊅仔, 田雞, 蛤蟆
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	田雞
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	蚧嫲
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	蛤蟆
	Zengcheng (Zhengguo)	蛤蟆, 田雞
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	蛤蟆
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	蛤蟆
	Changting	蛤蟆
	Yudu	𧊅
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𧊅仔
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	𧊅仔
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	𧊅仔
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	𧊅
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	𧊅仔
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	𧊅子
	Hong Kong	蛤蟆
	Yangshuo (Jinbao)	蟆𧊅
	Sabah (Longchuan)	蛤蟆, 𧊅哩, 蛤𧊅
	Senai (Huiyang)	𧊅仔
	Singkawang	𧊅
Huizhou	Jixi	水雞, 田雞, 蛤蟆
Huizhou	Shexian	蛤蟆, 田雞
Jin	Taiyuan	蛤蟆
	Yangyuan	青蛙, 蛤蟆, 青疥
	Datong	蛤蟆
	Xinzhou	蛤蟆
	Lishi	蛤蟆
	Linfen	蛤蟆, 田雞, 水雞兒
	Changzhi	蛤蟆
	Linhe	青蛙
	Jining	蛤蟆
	Hohhot	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Erenhot	蛤蟆
	Pingshan	蛤蟆
	Zhangjiakou	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Handan	蛤蟆, 青蛙
	Linzhou	青幫
	Suide	蛤蟆
Min Bei	Jian'ou	田狗, 水雞
Min Dong	Fuzhou	青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
	Fuqing	青蛤, 黃䱝, 水雞
	Matsu	黃䱝
Min Nan	Xiamen	田蛤仔, 水雞
	Quanzhou	埯魅坸仔, 水雞
	Zhangzhou	田蛤仔, 水雞
	Taipei	大肚仔魚, 水雞, 田蛤仔, 杜蝛仔
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	水雞, 田蛤仔, 肚蛙
	Kaohsiung	水雞, 四跤仔, 田蛤仔
	Yilan	水雞, 蛤仔
	Changhua (Lukang)	水雞, 田蛤仔
	Taichung	水雞
	Tainan	水雞, 四跤魚, 田蛤仔, 田僑
	Hsinchu	水雞
	Kinmen	水雞
	Penghu (Magong)	水雞
	Penang (Hokkien)	水雞
	Singapore (Hokkien)	水雞, 蛤婆, 田蛤仔
	Manila (Hokkien)	水雞, 田蛤仔
	Guilin (Biyange)	青老蛙
	Chaozhou	蛤虯, 水雞
	Raoping	水雞, 蛤婆
	Shantou	水雞
	Jieyang	水雞, 蛤虯 small
	Haifeng	蛤蛄, 蛤虯
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	蛤虯
	Leizhou	田雞, 蛤
	Wenchang	蛤, 田雞
	Haikou	蛤, 田雞, 螻蛤
Puxian Min	Putian	洋乜, 水雞
Puxian Min	Xianyou	洋乜, 水雞
Min Zhong	Yanping (Wangtai)	田狗
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	黃蛤
Zhongshan Min	Sanxiang	田雞
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	蛤, 田雞
Northern Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	蛤蟆
Wu	Shanghai	田雞, 青蛙
	Shanghai (Chongming)	田雞
	Suzhou	田雞, 青蛙
	Danyang	田雞, 青蛙
	Hangzhou	田雞
	Ningbo	癩斯, 青蛙癩斯, 田雞, 水雞
	Wenzhou	蛤蟆, 蛤蟆牯, 田雞
	Jinhua	田雞, 蟥蟆
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	田雞, 蛤蟆
Xiang	Changsha	蛤蟆, 蛤蟆子, 蟆𧊅, 水雞
	Loudi	蟆𧊅, 蟆𧊅子
	Shuangfeng	蟆𧊅子
	Quanzhou	蟆𧊅

Compounds

Derived terms from 蛙

井底之蛙 (jǐngdǐzhīwā)
井底蛙
井蛙
坎井之蛙
坎蛙
坐井蛙
埳井之蛙
埳蛙
官蛙
局蛙
怒蛙
淫蛙
牛蛙 (niúwā)
瞋蛙
蛙井喜
蛙人 (wārén)
蛙人操
蛙吠
蛙吹
蛙坎
蛙市
蛙式 (wāshì)
蛙怒
蛙歌
蛙泳 (wāyǒng)

蛙渚
蛙神
蛙蚓
蛙蛤
蛙蛭
蛙角
蛙鼓
蝭蛙
赤蛙
踞蛙食蛤
雨蛙
青蛙 (qīngwā)
青蛙肢
沈灶生蛙
井底鳴蛙／井底鸣蛙
井蛙之見／井蛙之见
井蛙語海／井蛙语海
井蛙醯雞／井蛙醯鸡
仰蛙兒浮／仰蛙儿浮
兩部蛙／两部蛙
晉惠聞蛙／晋惠闻蛙
樹蛙／树蛙 (shùwā)
沈灶產蛙／沈灶产蛙
沉灶產蛙／沉灶产蛙
管窺蛙見／管窥蛙见

紫色蛙聲／紫色蛙声
蛙聲／蛙声
蛙蝦／蛙虾
蛙蟆勝負／蛙蟆胜负
蛙蟈／蛙蝈
蛙蠙衣／蛙𧏖衣
蛙讙／蛙欢
蛙鏡／蛙镜
蛙鬧／蛙闹
蛙鳴／蛙鸣
蛙鳴狗吠／蛙鸣狗吠
蛙鳴蚓叫／蛙鸣蚓叫
蛙鳴蟬噪／蛙鸣蝉噪
蛙鳴鴟叫／蛙鸣鸱叫
蛙黽／蛙黾
蛙鼓蟲吟／蛙鼓虫吟
蠅聲蛙噪／蝇声蛙噪
軾怒蛙／轼怒蛙
軾蛙／轼蛙
金線蛙／金线蛙
闡蛙／阐蛙
鬥蛙／斗蛙
鳴蛙／鸣蛙
鼓吹鳴蛙／鼓吹鸣蛙

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jué (jue²)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄝˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jué
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
  - Wade–Giles: chüeh²
  - Yale: jywé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
  - Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕɥɛ³⁵/

Definitions

蛙

Only used in 蝭蛙.

Japanese

Kanji

蛙

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: え (e)^{←ゑ (we, historical)}
Kan-on: わ (wa); わい (wai)
Kan’yō-on: あ (a)
Kun: かえる (kaeru, 蛙)^{←かへる (kaferu, historical)}; かわず (kawazu, 蛙)^{←かはづ (kafadu, historical)}
Nanori: かえる (kaeru)

Etymology 1

蛙 (kaeru, kawazu, kairu): a frog.

Kanji in this term
蛙
かえる Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kaeru/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1]

Also found once in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE, where it is used phonetically to spell the name of the maple tree.[2] Generally regarded as the informal or everyday term for frog, in contrast to the formal or poetic term kawazu (see below).[3]

The ultimate derivation is unclear, with numerous theories. Some of the leading ideas include:

Cognate with 帰る (kaeru, “to return (to a point of origin)”), from the way that some species of frogs return to their birthplace to spawn
Cognate with 孵る (kaeru, “to hatch (from an egg)”), in reference to tadpoles
Derived from onomatopoeia, where kape originally referred to the frog's call, suffixed uncertain element -ru

The phonetic development went through a clear stage where the middle mora was pronounced /je/, as illustrated in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cayeru.[4] This was likely a result of the Muromachi period sound shift, where /we/ shifted to /je/, followed later by /je/ merging into /e/ to produce modern /kaeru/.

Now the most common term for frog.

Alternative forms

蝦

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) かえる [kàérú] (Heiban – [0])[5][6][7]
IPA^(key): [ka̠e̞ɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

蛙(かえる) • (kaeru) ^{←かへる (kaferu)^?}

a frog (amphibious animal)

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as カエル.

Derived terms

青蛙(あおがえる) (aogaeru)
赤蛙(あかがえる) (akagaeru)
雨蛙(あまがえる) (amagaeru)
蛙泳(かえるおよ)ぎ (kaeruoyogi)
蛙跳(かえるとび) (kaerutobi)
蛙跳(かえると)び (kaerutobi)
蛙股(かえるまた) (kaerumata)
蛙又(かえるまた) (kaerumata)
角蛙(つのがえる) (tsunogaeru)
殿様蛙(とのさまがえる) (tonosamagaeru)
蟇蛙(ひきがえる) (hikigaeru)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蛙
かわず Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨kapadu⟩ → */kapadu/ → /kafad͡zu/ → /kawad͡zu/ → /kawazu/

The more formal or poetic counterpart to kaeru (see above).[3] Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[8]

The ultimate derivation is unclear, but the initial kawa portion (ancient kapa) is very likely 川, 河 (kawa, ancient kapa, “river”).

The phonetic development of the term had already progressed to kawadzu by 1603, as seen in the Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cauazzu.[9]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) かわず [kàwázú] (Heiban – [0])[5][6][7]
IPA^(key): [ka̠ɰᵝa̠zɨᵝ]

Noun

蛙(かわず) • (kawazu) ^{←かはづ (kafadu)^?}

(poetic) a frog (amphibious animal)
- 1686, 松尾芭蕉 Matsuo Bashō
  古池や蛙飛びこむ水の音
  ふるいけやかはづとびこむみづのおと
  (modern kana: ふるいけやかわずとびこむみずのおと)
  furuike ya kawazu tobikomu mizu no oto
  old pond -- a frog jumps in -- the sound of water
(Noh theater) a specific mask used in certain Noh plays, depicting a drowned person

Derived terms

井(い)の中(なか)の蛙大海(かわずたいかい)を知(し)らず (i no naka no kawazu taikai o shirazu): “a frog in a well does not know the great ocean” → metaphor of a narrow world view based on limited experience

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
蛙
かいる Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

⟨kaperu⟩ → /kaperu/ → /kaferu/ → /kaweru/ → /kajeru/ → /kairu/

Sound shift. Existed alongside earlier kayeru in the late 1500s, early 1600s, as seen in the 1603 Nippo Jisho entry, spelled cairu.[10]

Pronunciation

Kun’yomi

IPA^(key): [ka̠iɾɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

蛙(かいる) • (kairu)

(archaic, possibly obsolete) a frog (amphibious animal)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
蛙
あ Hyōgaiji
kan’yōon

Affix

蛙(あ) • (a)

frog (amphibious animal)

Derived terms

frog

蛙黽(あぼう) (abō)
蛙鳴(あめい) (amei)

References

“蛙・蛤・蝦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 8, poem 1623), text here
1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here towards the bottom of the right-hand column
2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 356), text here
1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fourth entry in the right-hand column, defined in Portuguese as raã, typographic variant of rãa, earlier form of modern rã (“frog”)

Korean

Hanja

蛙 • (wa, wae) (hangeul 와, 왜, revised wa, wae, McCune–Reischauer wa, wae, Yale wa, way)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

蛙: Hán Nôm readings: oa

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] “蛙・蛤・蝦”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN

[2] . 759, Man'yōshū (book 8, poem 1623), text here

[KDJ-3] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[4] 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here towards the bottom of the right-hand column

[DJR-5] 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-6] 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-7] 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[8] . 759, Man'yōshū (book 3, poem 356), text here

[9] 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column

[10] 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fourth entry in the right-hand column, defined in Portuguese as raã, typographic variant of rãa, earlier form of modern rã (“frog”)

蛙

Translingual

Han character

References

Chinese

Glyph origin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Definitions

Synonyms

Compounds

Pronunciation

Definitions

Japanese

Kanji

Readings

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Noun

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

Etymology 4

Affix

Derived terms

See also

References

Korean

Hanja

Vietnamese

Han character