羨
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Translingual
Han character
羨 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 80182, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)
References
- KangXi: page 952, character 31
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
- Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
- Unihan data for U+7FA8
Chinese
trad. | 羨/羡 | |
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simp. | 羡 |
Glyph origin
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.
羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).
The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:
- 羨,貪欲也,今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羨,似面翻,慕也。非也,字書無从次之字,惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian
- 羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]
- 羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.
羡,贪欲也,今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡,以脂翻,江夏地名;羡,似面翻,慕也。非也,字书无从次之字,惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 1
Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).
Pronunciation
Definitions
羨
- to envy; to admire
- † superfluous; in surplus
- † surplus; affluence
- † to surpass; to exceed
- † abundant; plentiful
- † crooked; evil
- 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
- a surname
Compounds
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Pronunciation
Definitions
羨
- Only used in 沙羨/沙羡.
Pronunciation
Definitions
羨
- Alternative form of 延 (yán, “to invite; to engage”).
- Alternative form of 埏 (yán, “tomb passage”).
References
- “羨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學/香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
(common “Jōyō” kanji)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Readings
- On (unclassified): せん (sen, Jōyō); えん (en)
- Kun: うらやましい (urayamashii, 羨ましい, Jōyō); うらやむ (urayamu, 羨む, Jōyō); あまり (amari)
- Nanori: よし (yoshi)
Compounds
- 羨ましい (urayamashī): jealous, envious
- 羨む (urayamu): to be jealous, to be envious
Korean
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC ziᴇnH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)n]
- Phonetic hangul: [선(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Hanja
Wikisource羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon))
- Hanja form? of 선 (“envy; envious”).
Compounds
- 선망 (羨望, seonmang, “envy”)
- 선모 (羨慕, seonmo)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC jiᴇnH).
Historical readings |
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Pronunciation
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [jʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [연]
Hanja
羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))
- Hanja form? of 연 (“road to a grave”).
Compounds
- 연문 (羨門, yeonmun)
- 연도 (羨道, yeondo)
- 연도분 (羨道墳, yeondobun, “passage grave”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.