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单词 素晴らしい
释义

素晴らしい

Japanese

Kanji in this term

Grade: 5
(ateji)
は > ば
Grade: 2
(ateji)
goonkun’yomi
Alternative spelling
素晴しい

Etymology

Originally derived from (すば) (subaru, to shrink, to get smaller, archaic) + しい (-shii, adjectivizing suffix evoking the quality of the suffixed term), from the sense of “that which makes one shrink away”. Compare verbs 窄まる (subomaru), 窄める (subomeru). The kanji spelling is an example of ateji (当て字).

The initial sense was strongly negative, and this usage continued until at least the mid-1800s in the Edo period, since when the meaning shifted to a strong positive instead.[1][2][3] Compare the development of English terrific, of strongly positive meanings, from terrify, of strongly negative meanings.

The modern kanji spelling could be considered an example of ateji (当て字).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) ばらし [sùbáráshíꜜì] (Nakadaka – [4])[2]
  • IPA(key): [sɨᵝba̠ɾa̠ɕiː]
  • Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of "素晴らしい"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Continuative (連用形)素晴らしくばらしく
ばらし
[sùbáráꜜshìkù]
[sùbáráshíꜜkù]
Terminal (終止形)素晴らしいばらし[sùbáráshíꜜì]
Attributive (連体形)素晴らしいばらし[sùbáráshíꜜì]
Key constructions
Informal negative素晴らしくないばらしくない
ばらしくない
[sùbáráꜜshìkùnàì]
[sùbáráshíꜜkùnàì]
Informal past素晴らしかったばらしかった
ばらしかった
[sùbáráꜜshìkàttà]
[sùbáráshíꜜkàttà]
Informal negative past素晴らしくなかったばらしくなかった
ばらしくなかった
[sùbáráꜜshìkùnàkàttà]
[sùbáráshíꜜkùnàkàttà]
Formal素晴らしいですばらしいです[sùbáráshíꜜìdèsù]
Conjunctive素晴らしくてばらしくて
ばらしくて
[sùbáráꜜshìkùtè]
[sùbáráshíꜜkùtè]
Conditional素晴らしければばらしければ
ばらしければ
[sùbáráꜜshìkèrèbà]
[sùbáráshíꜜkèrèbà]

Adjective

()()らしい (subarashii) -i (adverbial ()()らしく (subarashiku))

  1. terrific, wonderful, splendid, grand, magnificent
  2. (obsolete) extreme, terrible

Inflection

Synonyms

  • (terrific, wonderful): ()(てき) (suteki, wonderful), (すご) (sugoi, amazing)
  • (extreme, terrible): (すご) (sugoi, terrible)

Descendants

  • Chinese: 斯巴拉西

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
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