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单词
释义

See also: and
U+7B11, 笑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7B11

[U+7B10]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7B12]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 118, +4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹竹大 (HHK), four-corner 88432, composition𥫗夭)

Derived characters

  • 㗛, 𢞖, 𢲑, 𣉧, 𧏣, 𧜕, 𫹠, 𭡻, 𡮜, 𫂪, 𫛎, 𬕓, 𮆂

References

  • KangXi: page 879, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25885
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1307, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 2950, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7B11

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms


𥬇
𠺑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Warring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk scriptSmall seal script

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意会意) or phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sqʰows) : phonetic (OC *sʰuːʔ, grass) + semantic (dog).Later, phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *sqʰows) : semantic + phonetic (OC *qoːwʔ, *qrow, *qrowʔ).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): xiào (xiao4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ
    (Chengdu, SP): xiao4
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): щё (xi͡o, III)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): siu3
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhiau1
  • Gan (Wiktionary): xieu4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): seu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiau4
  • Jin (Wiktionary): xiau3
  • Min Bei (KCR): sia̿u
  • Min Dong (BUC): chiéu
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhiò / chhiàu / siàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cio3 / ciê3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): xiau (T2)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): siau4

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xiào
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: siào
      • Wade–Giles: hsiao4
      • Yale: syàu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiaw
      • Palladius: сяо (sjao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕjɑʊ̯⁵¹/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: xiao4
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xiao
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiau²¹³/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: щё (xi͡o, III)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɔː⁴⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: siu3
      • Yale: siu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: siu3
      • Guangdong Romanization: xiu3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siːu̯³³/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: lhiau1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɬiau³³/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: xieu4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɛu³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: seu
      • Hakka Romanization System: seu
      • Hagfa Pinyim: seu4
      • Sinological IPA: /seu̯⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: xiau4
      • Sinological IPA: /ɕiau⁵³/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: xiau3
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕiau⁴⁵/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sia̿u
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siau³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chiéu
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiɛu²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiò / chhiàu / siàu
      • Tâi-lô: tshiò / tshiàu / siàu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: chioix, chiaux, siaux
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕʰio²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiau²¹/, /ɕiau²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰio⁴¹/, /t͡ɕʰiau⁴¹/, /ɕiau⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰio²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiau²¹/, /ɕiau²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕʰio¹¹/, /t͡ɕʰiau¹¹/, /ɕiau¹¹/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɤ²¹/, /t͡ɕʰiau²¹/, /ɕiau²¹/
Note:
  • chhiò - vernacular;
  • chhiàu - vernacular (used in some compounds, may also be considered literary);
  • siàu - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cio3 / ciê3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshiò / tshiè
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰio²¹³/, /t͡sʰie²¹³/
Note: ciê3 - Chaozhou.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: xiau (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕiɔ³⁴/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: siau4
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /siɒu⁴⁵/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /ɕiɒu⁴⁵/

  • Middle Chinese: /siᴇuH/
Rime
Character
Reading #1/1
Initial () (16)
Final () (91)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division ()III
Fanqie私妙切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/siᴇuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/siɛuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/sjæuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/siawH/
Li
Rong
/siɛuH/
Wang
Li
/sĭɛuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/si̯ɛuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
xiào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
siu3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s-l]aw-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sqʰows/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
xiào
Middle
Chinese
‹ sjewH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[s-l]aw-s/
Englishto laugh

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading #1/1
No.14621
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
𥬇
Old
Chinese
/*sqʰows/
Notes原下從犬,注或作此漢書作八下夭

Definitions

  1. (intransitive) to laugh; to smile
       xiàoróng   smile
    唔識唔识 [Cantonese]   m4 sik1 siu3 [Jyutping]   never smiles
  2. (transitive) to laugh at; to ridicule
    點解你哋成日我㗎? [Cantonese, trad.]
    点解你哋成日我㗎? [Cantonese, simp.]
    dim2 gaai2 nei5 dei6 seng4 jat6 siu3 ngo5 gaa3? [Jyutping]
    Why do you guys always laugh at me?
  3. (ditransitive) to laugh at; to ridicule
    佢唔識講廣東話 [Cantonese, trad.]
    佢唔识讲广东话 [Cantonese, simp.]
    siu3 keoi5 m4 sik1 gong2 gwong2 dung1 waa6-2 [Jyutping]
    to make fun of them for not knowing how to speak Cantonese
  4. (literary, or in compounds) funny; amusing
       xiàohuà   joke (literally, “funny words”)
  5. (obsolete, figurative) to blossom; to bloom
  6. (rare) a surname

Synonyms

  • (to laugh):
  • (to ridicule):
edit

See also

  • (to laugh at): (cháo), (chī)

Compounds

References

  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014

Japanese

Kanji

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. to laugh; laughter
  2. to smile; a smile

Readings

  • Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)せう (seu, historical)
  • Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)せう (seu, historical)
  • Kun: わらう (warau, 笑う, Jōyō)わらふ (warafu, historical); えむ (emu, 笑む, Jōyō)ゑむ (wemu, historical)
  • Nanori: えみ (emi)ゑみ (wemi, historical)

Compounds

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
わら(い)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 笑う (warau, to laugh; to smile).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) らい [wàráí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [ɰᵝa̠ɾa̠i]

Noun

(わらい) (warai) わらひ (warafi)?

  1. a laugh, laughing, laughter
  2. a smile, smiling
Usage notes

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 笑い.

The warai reading is more commonly associated with the laugh senses. The emi reading is more commonly associated with the smile senses.

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
え(み)
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 笑む (emu, to smile; to bloom).[1][2]

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) [éꜜmì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
    • IPA(key): [e̞mʲi]

Noun

(えみ) (emi) ゑみ (wemi)?

  1. a smile, smiling
  2. a bloom, blooming
  3. the opening of a nut or other fruit as it ripens
Usage notes

More commonly spelled with the okurigana, as 笑み.

The emi reading is more commonly associated with the smile senses. The warai reading is more commonly associated with the laugh senses.

Proper noun

(えみ) (Emi) ゑみ (wemi)?

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
kun’yomi

Likely related to the emi above.

Noun

() (e)  (we)?

  1. (in compounds) smile
    Used in compounds such as ()(がお) (egao), ()(ぐし) (egushi), and ()(つぼ) (etsubo).

Punctuation mark

  1. Alternative form of (笑): LOL

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 웃을 소 (useul so))

  1. Hanja form? of (laugh).

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: tiếu, téo

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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