白酒

白酒

Chinese

		white; empty; blank white; empty; blank; bright; clear; plain; pure; gratuitous	alcoholic drink
trad. (白酒)		白	酒
simp. #(白酒)		白	酒

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): báijiǔ

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ

  (Chengdu, SP): be² jiu³

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baak⁶ zau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pha̍k-chiú
• Min Dong (BUC): băh-ciū
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): pe̍h-chiú / pe̍eh-chiú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁸ ziu²

• Wu (Wiktionary): baq jieu (T5)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: báijiǔ
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˊ ㄐㄧㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: báijiǒu
    • Wade–Giles: pai²-chiu³
    • Yale: bái-jyǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bairjeou
    • Palladius: байцзю (bajczju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕjoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: be² jiu³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: begiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ²¹ t͡ɕiəu⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: baak⁶ zau²
    • Yale: baahk jáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁹ dzau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag⁶ zeo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚² t͡sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pha̍k-chiú
    • Hakka Romanization System: pag jiu`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: pag⁶ jiu³
    • Sinological IPA: /pʰak̚⁵ t͡ɕi̯u³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: băh-ciū
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paʔ⁵⁻³³ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍h-chiú
    • Tâi-lô: pe̍h-tsiú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: peqciuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻¹¹ t͡ɕiu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕiu⁴¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /pe(ʔ)²⁴⁻² t͡ɕiu⁵⁵⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pe̍eh-chiú
    • Tâi-lô: pe̍eh-tsiú
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ(ʔ)¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡ɕiu⁵³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bêh⁸ ziu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pe̍h tsiú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ⁴⁻² t͡siu⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: baq jieu (T5)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /b̥a̱ʔ¹¹ t͡ɕiɜ²³/

Noun

白酒

1. baijiu (distilled liquor)

   公認口感好的白酒 [MSC, trad.]
   公认口感好的白酒 [MSC, simp.]

   gōngrèn kǒugǎn hǎo de báijiǔ [Pinyin]

   widely enjoyed baijiu

2. white wine
3. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) jiuniang

Usage notes

To distinguish baijiu from white wine, white wine can be called 白葡萄酒 (báipútáojiǔ).

Synonyms

• (baijiu):

Dialectal synonyms of 白酒 (“baijiu”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		白酒, 燒酒
Mandarin	Beijing	白酒, 白乾兒
	Tianjin	白酒
	Chengde	白酒
	Tangshan	白酒, 白乾兒
	Cangzhou	白酒, 白乾兒
	Baoding	白酒, 老白乾兒
	Shijiazhuang	白酒
	Chifeng	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	白酒
	Heihe	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Qiqihar	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Harbin	白酒, 燒酒, 老白乾兒
	Jiamusi	白酒, 燒酒
	Baicheng	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Changchun	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Tonghua	白乾兒, 燒酒
	Shenyang	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Dandong	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Jinzhou	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Dalian	燒酒
	Yantai	燒酒
	Yantai (Muping)	白酒, 燒酒, 白乾兒
	Qingdao	白酒, 燒酒
	Lijin	白酒, 燒酒
	Zhucheng	燒酒
	Jinan	白酒, 辣酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Jining	白酒, 白乾兒
	Wanrong	白酒, 燒酒
	Shangqiu	白酒, 辣酒
	Yuanyang	白酒, 辣酒
	Zhengzhou	辣酒
	Lingbao	白乾兒
	Xinyang	辣酒
	Baihe	白酒, 白乾兒
	Hanzhong	白酒
	Xi'an	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Baoji	白酒, 燒酒, 辣酒
	Yinchuan	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
	Tianshui	燒酒
	Lanzhou	燒酒
	Dunhuang	燒酒
	Xining	燒酒, 白乾兒
	Hami	燒酒
	Ürümqi	燒酒, 白酒
	Wuhan	白酒, 白乾, 燒酒
	Yichang	白酒
	Xiangyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Tianmen	白酒, 辣酒
	Hong'an	白酒, 燒酒
	Chengdu	白酒, 跟頭酒, 燒酒, 白乾兒, 乾酒
	Nanchong	白酒
	Dazhou	白酒, 燒酒
	Hanyuan	燒酒
	Xichang	白酒, 燒酒
	Zigong	白酒
	Chongqing	白酒, 白乾兒, 乾酒, 燒酒
	Guiyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Zunyi	白酒
	Bijie	燒酒
	Zhaotong	白酒
	Dali	白酒
	Kunming	白酒, 燒酒
	Mengzi	白酒
	Guilin	白酒
Liuzhou	白酒, 燒酒
Jishou	白酒, 燒酒
Changde	白酒
Anqing	白酒
Xuzhou	白酒, 白乾兒
Fuyang	白酒, 燒酒
Wuhu	白酒, 燒酒
Yangzhou	白酒, 辣酒, 麻酒, 高粱酒
Lianyungang	白酒, 白乾
Lianshui	辣酒
Nanjing	白酒, 白乾兒, 燒酒
Hefei	白酒, 燒酒
Nantong	燒酒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	燒酒, 白酒
	Hong Kong	燒酒, 白酒
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	白酒
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	米酒
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	燒酒
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	燒酒
	Macau	燒酒
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	燒酒
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	燒酒
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	燒酒, 白酒
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	燒酒
	Foshan	燒酒
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	燒酒
	Foshan (Shunde)	燒酒
	Foshan (Sanshui)	燒酒
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	燒酒
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	燒酒
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	燒酒
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	燒酒
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	燒酒
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	燒酒
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	燒酒
	Taishan	燒酒
	Kaiping (Chikan)	燒酒
	Enping (Niujiang)	燒酒
	Heshan (Yayao)	燒酒
	Dongguan	燒酒
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	燒酒
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	白酒, 燒酒
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	燒酒
Gan	Nanchang	燒酒, 高粱酒
	Lichuan	燒酒
	Pingxiang	燒酒, 白酒
Hakka	Meixian	飶酒
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	燒酒
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	燒酒
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	燒酒
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	白酒
	Conghua (Lütian)	燒酒
	Yudu	白酒, 燒酒
	Hong Kong	白酒
	Senai (Huiyang)	燒酒
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	白酒
Huizhou	Jixi	燒酒, 白酒
	Shexian	白酒, 燒酒
Jin	Taiyuan	燒酒
	Yangyuan	白酒, 燒酒
	Datong	燒酒
	Xinzhou	白酒, 燒酒
	Lishi	白酒, 燒酒
	Linfen	白酒, 燒酒
	Changzhi	白酒, 燒酒
	Linhe	白酒, 燒酒, 白乾兒
	Jining	白酒, 燒酒
	Hohhot	白酒, 燒酒
	Erenhot	白酒, 白乾兒, 辣酒
	Pingshan	白酒, 燒酒
	Zhangjiakou	白酒, 燒酒
	Handan	白酒, 老白乾兒, 燒酒
	Linzhou	白酒, 白乾兒, 辣酒, 燒酒
	Suide	燒酒
Min Bei	Jian'ou	燒酒
Min Dong	Fuzhou	燒酒
Min Nan	Xiamen	燒酒
	Quanzhou	燒酒
	Zhangzhou	燒酒
	Chaozhou	白酒
	Shantou	白酒
	Jieyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Bangkok (Teochew)	白酒
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	白酒
	Pontianak (Teochew)	白酒
	Leizhou	燒酒
	Haikou	白酒
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	白酒
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	白酒
Wu	Shanghai	白酒, 燒酒
	Shanghai (Chongming)	燒酒
	Suzhou	燒酒
	Danyang	白酒, 燒酒
	Ningbo	燒酒
	Jinhua	燒酒
Xiang	Changsha	白酒
	Loudi	燒酒

• (white wine): 白葡萄酒 (báipútáojiǔ)

Dialectal synonyms of 酒釀 (“jiuniang”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		酒釀, 醪糟, 江米酒
Mandarin	Harbin	江米酒
	Luoyang	江米酒
	Wanrong	醪糟坯子
	Xi'an	醪糟, 醪糟兒
	Yinchuan	醪酒
	Lanzhou	醪糟子
	Xining	醪糟兒
	Ürümqi	醪酒
	Wuhan	甜酒, 米酒, 伏汁酒
	Chengdu	醪糟兒, 醪糟浮子, 醪糟水, 醪糟兒浮子, 醪糟兒水
	Guiyang	甜酒
	Kunming	白酒, 甜白酒
	Liuzhou	糯米甜酒, 甜酒
	Xuzhou	米酒, 江米酒, 糯米酒
	Yangzhou	米甜酒
	Nanjing	酒釀, 江米酒
	Nantong	酒釀, 江糟酒
Cantonese	Guangzhou	酒釀, 糯米甜酒
	Hong Kong	糯米酒
	Taishan	酒糟
	Dongguan	糯米酒
Gan	Nanchang	酒娘子
	Lichuan	甲酒
	Pingxiang	糯米酒, 甜酒, 米酒, 醐娘酒
Hakka	Meixian	酒娘, 甲酒
	Yudu	酒娘
Huizhou	Jixi	米酒, 甜酒
Jin	Taiyuan	醪糟
	Xinzhou	醪糟兒
Min Dong	Fuzhou	米酒
Min Nan	Xiamen	酒釀, 酒飯
	Zhangzhou	白酒
	Leizhou	秫米糟, 甜糟
	Haikou	甜糟
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	甜酒
Wu	Shanghai	酒釀, 酒板, 甜酒釀
	Shanghai (Chongming)	酒釀, 酒板
	Shanghai (Songjiang)	酒釀糟
	Suzhou	酒釀, 冬釀酒, 糯米酒
	Wuxi	老白酒
	Changzhou	白酒
	Danyang	白酒糟
	Hangzhou	甜酒釀, 酒釀
	Ningbo	酒釀, 漿板
	Wenzhou	酒釀, 蜜林檎
	Jinhua	甜酒釀, 酒釀
Xiang	Changsha	甜酒
	Loudi	酒娘

Hypernyms

• 酒 (jiǔ)

Hyponyms

• 高粱 (gāoliáng)

Descendants

• → English: baijiu

See also

• 黃酒／黄酒 (huángjiǔ)
• 葡萄酒 (pútáojiǔ)
• 啤酒 (píjiǔ)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
白	酒
しろ Grade: 1	さけ > ざけ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 酒 (sake, “liquor”). The sake reading for 酒 changes to zake as an instance of rendaku (連濁)..

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞za̠ke̞]

Noun

白(しろ)酒(ざけ) • (shirozake) 

1. a white, unfiltered, sweet, and sometimes thick porridge-like fermented liquor made from rice; traditionally served at 雛祭り (Hina matsuri) and other festivals
2. alternate name for 濁酒 (doburoku), 濁り酒 (nigorizake): white unfiltered and sweet sake

Synonyms

• (thick sake served at festivals): 山川酒(やまがわざけ) (yamagawazake)
• (unfiltered sake): 濁酒(じょくしゅく) (jokushuku), 濁酒(だくしゅ) (dakushu), 濁酒(どぶろく) (doburoku)
• (unfiltered sake): 濁(にご)り酒(ざけ) (nigorizake)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
白	酒
しろ Grade: 1	き Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 酒 (ki, “liquor”). The ki reading for 酒 is archaic.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞kʲi]

Noun

白(しろ)酒(き) • (shiroki) 

1. white fermented liquor made from rice, used as an offering at Shinto rituals

   Fermented from specially selected rice, with half used as shiroki and half mixed with incense ash and used as kuroki (黒酒). Used in particular at the 大嘗祭 (daijōsai) and 新嘗祭 (nīnamesai) rituals held in late November, wherein the emperor would beseech the gods for a good harvest in the year to come.

See also

• 黒酒(くろき) (kuroki): black liquor
• 大嘗祭(だいじょうさい) (daijōsai), 新嘗祭(にいなめさい) (nīnamesai): Shinto rituals wherein the emperor prays for a good harvest in the year to come

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
白	酒
しろ Grade: 1	ささ Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Compound of 白 (shiro, “white”) +‎ 酒 (sasa, “liquor”). The sasa reading for 酒 is a 女(にょう)房(ぼう)詞(ことば) (nyōbō kotoba), a term only used by women.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕiɾo̞sa̠sa̠]

Noun

白(しろ)酒(ささ) • (shirosasa) 

1. (nyōbō kotoba) Synonym of 白酒 (shirozake)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
白	酒
はく Grade: 1	しゅ Grade: 3
kan’on	goon

From Middle Chinese 白酒 (MC bˠæk̚ t͡sɨu^X).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠kɯ̟ᵝɕɨᵝ]

Noun

白(はく)酒(しゅ) • (hakushu) ^{←はくしゆ (fakusyu)?}

1. generic term for nigorizake, doburoku, shirozake

Usage notes

This reading using the on'yomi is considered slightly more formal, rather like how words in English that have Latin or Greek roots are considered slightly more formal than synonyms that have Anglo-Saxon roots.

See also

• 濁(にご)り酒(ざけ) (nigorizake)
• 濁酒(どぶろく) (doburoku)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
白	酒
ばい Grade: 1	ちゅう Grade: 3
irregular

From modern Mandarin 白酒 (báijiǔ).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [pa̠it͡ɕɨᵝː]

Noun

白酒(ぱいちゅう) • (paichū) 

1. Chinese distilled liquor

Usage notes

This reading is more often spelled in katakana as パイチュー to differentiate from the default hakushu on'yomi for these characters.