疑

疑	U+7591, 疑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7591

← 疐
[U+7590]

CJK Unified Ideographs

疒 →
[U+7592]

Translingual

Han character

疑 (Kangxi radical 103, 疋+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心大弓戈人 (PKNIO), four-corner 2748₁, composition ⿰𠤕⿱龴疋)

Derived characters

儗凝㘈㠜懝擬𣝅𤾰礙譺䰯𢥷𩼨㽈觺寲嶷薿癡籎

References

KangXi: page 768, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22007

Dae Jaweon: page 1178, character 8

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2751, character 4

Unihan data for U+7591

Chinese

trad.		疑
simp. ^#		疑
2nd round simp.		⿰忄以

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 疑
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (疑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
礙	*ŋɯːs
儗	ŋɯːs, hŋɯːs, ŋɯʔ, ŋɯs
懝	ŋɯːs, ŋɯɡ
譺	ŋrɯːs, ŋɯʔ, *ŋɯs
癡	*ŋ̊ʰl'ɯ
疑	*ŋɯ
嶷	ŋɯ, ŋɯɡ
觺	*ŋɯ
擬	*ŋɯʔ
薿	ŋɯʔ, ŋɯɡ
凝	ŋrɯŋ, ŋrɯŋs

疑 from the Mawangdui manuscripts, Western Han.

Originally an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 大 or 文 (“standing human figure”) + 夂 (“tilted head with open mouth”) + 丨 (“cane”) – a man with a cane looking around with his mouth wide open, not know where to go – to be confused; to doubt. Compare: 欠 and 既, both showing the "open-mouth" component but on a seated figure. In the oracle bone script and bronze inscriptions, 彳 or 辵 = 彳 + 止 (“foot; toes”) was often added to indicate travelling or movement.

Various components were added later, e.g. 牛 in the bronze script of Western Zhou, 子 in the Qin-style scripts including the proto-clerical script, and 乙 in the early clerical script of Western Han. Meanwhile the main graphical element showing a standing figure eventually became 𠤕 or sometimes 矣 as in the Chu-style script (shown in the table). The Chu also added a 心 (“heart”) component indicating "the mind".

The Shuowen, in which headwords were written in the Qin-style seal script, interpreted the character as “a child standing on an obstructed road to compare the paths”: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 止 (“to be obstructed”) + semantic 匕 (“to compare”) + phonetic 矢 (OC *hliʔ). Duan Yucai's commentary on Shuowen offered an alternative interpretation, pointing out that 矢 was unlikely to have a the phonetic component: semantic 子 (“child”) + semantic 𠤕 (“uncertain”) + phonetic 止 (OC *kjɯʔ). However, it is unlikely that any of the currently extant components had once indicated the pronunciation. Zhengzhang (2003) conjectured that the 子 were a deformed 牛 (OC *ŋʷɯ) that had been the phonetic component.

The current form is derived from the Qin–Han clerical scripts, where on the right-hand side the elements 子 + 止 or 子 + 乙 have recombined into 龴 + 疋.

Etymology

Perhaps related to 礙 (OC *ŋɯːs, “to obstruct”) (Schuessler, 2007); Cf. Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ʔ/N-g(r)ak (“to block; to obstruct”) (STEDT, provisional).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): yí (yi²)
(Zhuyin): ㄧˊ
(Chengdu, SP): nyi²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): ji⁴
(Taishan, Wiktionary): ngei³
Gan (Wiktionary): nyi⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngì
(Meixian, Guangdong): ngi²
Jin (Wiktionary): i¹
Min Bei (KCR): ngǐ
Min Dong (BUC): ngì
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): gî
(Teochew, Peng'im): ghi⁵
Wu (Wiktionary): nyi (T3)
Xiang (Wiktionary): nyi²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yí
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yí
  - Wade–Giles: i²
  - Yale: yí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yi
  - Palladius: и (i)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nyi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ni
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nʲi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁴
  - Yale: yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: ngei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡei²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngi²
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngi²
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: i¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /i¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋi²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ngì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋi⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî
  - Tâi-lô: gî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: gii
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ɡi²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ghi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɡi⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyi (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: nyi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲi¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 疑
Mandarin	Beijing	/i³⁵/
	Harbin	/i²⁴/
	Tianjin	/i⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/i⁴²/
	Qingdao	/i⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/i⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ni²⁴/
	Xining	/ji²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/i⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/i⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/i⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ni²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ȵi³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/ 老 /i²¹/ 新
	Kunming	/ni³¹/
	Nanjing	/i²⁴/
	Hefei	/zz̩⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/i¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ȵi¹³/
	Hohhot	/i³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ȵi²³/
	Suzhou	/ȵi¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ȵi²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ȵi³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/ni⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/ȵi⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/ȵi¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ȵi¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/ȵi⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/ŋi¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/ŋi¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/ji²¹/
	Nanning	/ni²¹/
	Hong Kong	/ji²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/gi³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/ŋi⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ŋi²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/gi⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ŋi³¹/

Middle Chinese: /ŋɨ/

Rime
Character	疑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	語其切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋɨ/
Li Rong	/ŋiə/
Wang Li	/ŋĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ](r)ə/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	疑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yí
Middle Chinese	‹ ngi ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ](r)ə/ (< uvular)
English	doubt
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	疑
Reading #	1/1
No.	14894
Phonetic component	疑
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	疑
Old Chinese	/*ŋɯ/
Notes	甲金文象人行道回顧遲疑狀，金文或加牛聲後訛爲子，非矢聲

Definitions

疑

to doubt; to question
Antonym: 信 (xìn)
1. doubtful
2. question; query
to suspect
1. suspicious
62nd tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "doubt, unconfidence" (𝍃)
as if
- 飛流直下三千尺，疑是銀河落九天。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  飞流直下三千尺，疑是银河落九天。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Li Bai: The Waterfall on Mount Lu (望廬山瀑布), 701 A.D.–762 A.D.
  Fēiliú zhíxià sānqiānchǐ, yíshì yínhé luòjiǔtiān. [Pinyin]
  Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high / As if the Silver River fell from the blue sky.
(～母) (Chinese linguistics) the Middle Chinese initial of 疑 (MC ŋɨ)

Compounds

Derived terms from 疑

不容置疑 (bùróngzhìyí)
不疑
不避嫌疑
九疑山
作疑
半信半疑 (bànxìn-bànyí)
可疑 (kěyí)
多疑 (duōyí)
嫌疑 (xiányí)
嫌疑分子
嫌疑犯 (xiányífàn)
存疑 (cúnyí)
居之不疑
怪疑
投杼之疑
析疑 (xīyí)
毋庸置疑 (wúyōngzhìyí)
深信不疑 (shēnxìnbùyí)
然疑
犯疑
狐疑 (húyí)
猜疑 (cāiyí)
生疑 (shēngyí)
疑丞
疑人疑鬼
疑似 (yísì)
疑兵 (yíbīng)
疑古 (yígǔ)
疑影
疑心 (yíxīn)
疑心疑鬼
疑心病 (yíxīnbìng)
疑忌 (yíjì)
疑怪
疑情
疑惑 (yíhuò)
疑抱
疑案 (yí'àn)

疑犯 (yífàn)
疑猜
疑神疑鬼 (yíshén-yíguǐ)
疑鬼疑神
睽疑
祛疑
稽疑 (jīyí)
置疑 (zhìyí)
致疑
蓄疑
起疑 (qǐyí)
不疑誣金／不疑诬金
不疑貳／不疑贰
傳疑／传疑 (chuányí)
兩無猜疑／两无猜疑
多聞闕疑／多闻阙疑
將信將疑／将信将疑 (jiāngxìn-jiāngyí)
形跡可疑／形迹可疑
恫疑虛喝／恫疑虚喝
恫疑虛猲／恫疑虚猲
憂疑／忧疑 (yōuyí)
懷疑／怀疑 (huáiyí)
懷疑論／怀疑论 (huáiyílùn)
懸疑／悬疑 (xuányí)
持疑不決／持疑不决
析疑匡謬／析疑匡谬
毫不遲疑／毫不迟疑 (háobùchíyí)
毫無疑義／毫无疑义 (háowúyíyì)
決疑／决疑
滿布疑雲／满布疑云
滿腹狐疑／满腹狐疑 (mǎnfùhúyí)
無可置疑／无可置疑 (wúkězhìyí)
無庸置疑／无庸置疑
無疑／无疑 (wúyí)
狐疑不決／狐疑不决
狐疑未決／狐疑未决
狼顧狐疑／狼顾狐疑
猶疑／犹疑 (yóuyí)

猶豫多疑／犹豫多疑
獻疑／献疑
疑人竊鈇／疑人窃𫓧
疑信參半／疑信参半
疑問／疑问 (yíwèn)
疑問代詞／疑问代词 (yíwèn dàicí)
疑問句／疑问句
疑問號／疑问号
疑團／疑团 (yítuán)
疑塚／疑冢
疑慮／疑虑 (yílǜ)
疑懼／疑惧 (yíjù)
疑滯／疑滞
疑獄／疑狱 (yíyù)
疑竇／疑窦 (yídòu)
疑義／疑义 (yíyì)
疑貳／疑贰
疑陣／疑阵
疑難／疑难 (yínán)
疑難雜症／疑难杂症 (yínán zázhèng)
疑雲／疑云 (yíyún)
疑點／疑点 (yídiǎn)
經典稽疑／经典稽疑
考古質疑／考古质疑
見疑／见疑 (jiànyí)
解疑釋結／解疑释结
設疑／设疑
賞奇析疑／赏奇析疑
質疑／质疑 (zhìyí)
質疑問難／质疑问难
遲疑／迟疑 (chíyí)
遲疑不決／迟疑不决 (chíyíbùjué)
遲疑未決／迟疑未决 (chíyíwèijué)
釋疑／释疑 (shìyí)
錯疑／错疑
闕疑／阙疑 (quēyí)
驚疑／惊疑 (jīngyí)
驚疑不定／惊疑不定

Japanese

Kanji

疑

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

doubt
suspect

Readings

Go-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ぎ (gi, Jōyō)
On: きょう (kyō)
Kun: うたがう (utagau, 疑う, Jōyō); うたがわしい (utagawashii, 疑わしい)

Compounds

疑(ぎ)心(しん) (gishin)
被(ひ)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (higisha)
懐(かい)疑(ぎ) (kaigi)
疑(ぎ)問(もん) (gimon)
疑(ぎ)問(もん)符(ふ) (gimonfu)
質(しつ)疑(ぎ) (shitsugi)
容(よう)疑(ぎ) (yōgi)
容(よう)疑(ぎ)者(しゃ) (yōgisha)
疑(ぎ)惧(く) (giku)
疑(ぎ)懼(く) (giku)
疑(ぎ)念(ねん) (ginen)

Korean

Hanja

疑 • (ui, eung) (hangeul 의, 응, revised ui, eung, McCune–Reischauer ŭi, ŭng, Yale uy, ung)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

疑: Hán Nôm readings: nghi

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.