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单词 爾
释义

爾

See also: 尔 and 尓
爾 U+723E, 爾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-723E
← 爽
[U+723D]		CJK Unified Ideographs爿 →
[U+723F]

Translingual

Stroke order (Sans-serif)

Han character

爾 (Kangxi radical 89, 爻+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一火月大 (MFBK), four-corner 10227)

Derived characters

  • 儞, 邇, 𦢈, 𠧌, 彌, 𢣚, 𢣭, 禰, 穪, 襧, 䌤, 薾, 籋, 濔, 獮, 隬 檷, 𩰞, 嬭, 趰, 躎, 鑈, 𡁠, 镾, 擟, 覼, 鸍, 壐, 璽, 蠒, 𨤻, 䦵, 鿠, 鿡, 鿥, 鿧, 鿨, 鿩, 𪓿

Descendants

  • 尔

Further reading

  • KangXi: page 691, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19750
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1104, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 27, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+723E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 爾
ShangWestern ZhouWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptSmall seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (爾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嬭*rneːlʔ, *niːlʔ
禰*niːlʔ
镾*niːlʔ, *mnel
薾*niːlʔ
檷*niːlʔ
鑈*niːlʔ, *neːb
瀰*niːlʔ, *mnel, *mnelʔ
獼*mnel
瓕*mnel
彌*mnel
鸍*mnel, *hnjel
擟*mnel
濔*mnelʔ
壐*smlelʔ
璽*smlelʔ
爾*njelʔ
邇*njelʔ
獮*smlenʔ
籋*neb, *neːb

Pictogram (象形) – cloth on a loom, with threads crossing – original form of 檷 (OC *niːlʔ, “loom”). Used phonetically.

Etymology 1

trad.爾
simp.尔
alternative forms尒
𡭗
尓
𠇍
“you; your”
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).
"that"
Cognate with 那 (nà, “that”), 若 (OC *njaɡ, “that”) (Schuessler, 2007). See 那 (nà) for more.

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěr (er3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ji5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngí / ní
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni3
  • Min Dong (BUC): ī
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): ní / jíⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): re2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): hher (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): e3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
      • Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
      • Wade–Giles: êrh3
      • Yale: ěr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
      • Palladius: эр (er)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ji5
      • Yale: yíh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ji5
      • Guangdong Romanization: yi5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jiː¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngí / ní
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngi` / ni`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngi3 / ni3
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲi³¹/, /ni³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ni3
      • Sinological IPA: /ni³¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ī
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
      • Tâi-lô: ní
      • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jíⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: jínn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jvie
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑĩ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑĩ⁵³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: re2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ́
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zɯ⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hher (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦəɻ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: e3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɤ̞⁴¹/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
爾
MandarinBeijing/əɻ²¹⁴/
Harbin/ɚ²¹³/
Tianjin/ə¹³/
Jinan/əɻ⁵⁵/
Qingdao/əɻ⁵⁵/
/ɭə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/ɭ⁵³/
Xi'an/əɻ⁵³/
Xining/ɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan/əɻ⁵³/
Lanzhou/ɯ⁵³/
Ürümqi/ɚ⁵¹/
Wuhan/ɯ⁴²/
Chengdu/əɻ⁵³/
Guiyang/ɚ⁴²/
Kunming/ə⁵³/
Nanjing/əɻ²¹²/
Hefei/a²⁴/
JinTaiyuan/əɻ⁵³/
Pingyao/əɻ³⁵/
Hohhot/aɻ⁵³/
WuShanghai/əl²³/
Suzhou/əl⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/əl⁵³/
Wenzhou/zz̩³⁵/
HuiShexian/ɛ⁴⁴/
/n̩³⁵/
Tunxi
XiangChangsha/ə⁴¹/
Xiangtan/e⁴²/
GanNanchang/ɵ²¹³/
HakkaMeixian/ni⁴⁴/
/ni³¹/
Taoyuan/ni¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/ji²³/
Nanning/ji²⁴/
Hong Kong/ji²³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/ni⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/i³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/œ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan)/zɯ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/le³¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /ȵiᴇX/
Rime
Character爾
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)日 (38)
Final (韻)支 (11)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie兒氏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ȵiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun		/ȵiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen		/ȵʑjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ȵiə̆X/
Li
Rong		/ȵieX/
Wang
Li		/ȵʑǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ȵʑie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		ěr
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ji5
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə][r]ʔ/, /*n[ə][r]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njelʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character爾爾爾
Reading #1/32/33/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		ěrěrěr
Middle
Chinese		‹ nejX ›‹ nyeX ›‹ nyeX ›
Old
Chinese		/*nˁ[ə][r]ʔ//*n[ə][r]ʔ//*n[ə][r]ʔ/
Englishnumerous(adv. suffix)you(r)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character爾
Reading #1/1
No.2817
Phonetic
component		爾
Rime
group		歌
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		爾
Old
Chinese		/*njelʔ/
Notes說文尒聲，甲金文象檷初文，
取林義光說

Definitions

爾

  1. (literary or dialectal) you; your
    爾等／尔等  ―  ěrděng  ―  you (plural)
    • 誰謂爾無羊，三百維群。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
      谁谓尔无羊，三百维群。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Shéi wèi ěr wú yáng, sānbǎi wéi qún. [Pinyin]
      Who can say that you have no sheep? There are three hundred in [each] herd.
    • 我無爾詐，爾無我虞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      我无尔诈，尔无我虞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
      Wǒ wú ěr zhà, ěr wú wǒ yú. [Pinyin]
      I do not deceive you; You do not deceive me.
  2. (literary) so; this way
  3. (literary or dialectal) this; that
    爾日／尔日  ―  ěrrì  ―  that day
    爾後／尔后  ―  ěrhòu  ―  thereafter
  4. (obsolete, of flowers) exuberant
    • 彼爾維何，維常之華。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
      彼尔维何，维常之华。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Bǐ ěr wéi hé, wéi cháng zhī huā. [Pinyin]
      What is that so gorgeous? It is the flowers of the cherry tree.
  5. (obsolete) a suffix or word-final particle indicating state, appearance, sound, or manner accompanying a verb
    Synonym: 然 (rán)
    • 子路率爾而對曰… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      子路率尔而对曰… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Zǐlù shuài'ěr ér duì yuē... [Pinyin]
      Zilu hastily and lightly replied...
    • 鼓瑟希，鏗爾。舍瑟而作，對曰… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      鼓瑟希，铿尔。舍瑟而作，对曰… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Gǔ sè xī, kēng ěr. Shě sè ér zuò, duì yuē... [Pinyin]
      (Zeng Dian), pausing as he was playing on his se, while it was yet twanging, laid the instrument aside, and said...
  6. (literary) a sentence final particle; merely; only
  7. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 你 (“you (singular)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
edit
Classical Chinese汝, 爾, 乃, 而, 若, 伊, 子, 君 †, 卿 †
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)你, 您 †, 閣下 †, 臺端
MandarinBeijing你, 您 †, 您老人家 †
Taiwan你, 您 †
Tianjin你, 你了 †
Chengde你, 您老人家 †
Tangshan你, 你老 †
Cangzhou你, 你老 †
Baoding你, 你老 †
Shijiazhuang你, 你家 †
Ulanhot你
Tongliao你
Chifeng你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Bayanhot你, 您 †
Hulunbuir (Hailar)你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Heihe你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Qiqihar你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Harbin你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Jiamusi你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Baicheng你, 你老 †, 你老人家 †
Changchun你, 你老 †
Tonghua你, 你老 †
Shenyang你, 您 †, 你老人家 †, 你老 †
Dandong你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Jinzhou你, 您 †, 你老人家 †
Dalian你, 你老 †
Yantai你
Yantai (Muping)你
Qingdao你
Lijin你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Weifang (Weicheng)你
Weifang (Fangzi)你
Weifang (Hanting)你
Changyi你
Gaomi你, 恁
Zhucheng你, 恁
Anqiu你
Changle你
Linqu你, 恁
Qingzhou你
Shouguang你
Wulian你
Jinan你, 你老人家 †
Luoyang你
Wanrong你
Shangqiu你, 恁 †, 恁老人家 †
Yuanyang你, 你老 †
Zhengzhou你, 你老人家 †
Lingbao你
Xinyang你, 你老人家 †
Baihe你, 你老兒 †
Hanzhong你
Xi'an你, 你老人家 †
Dingbian你
Baoji你, 你老人家 †
Yinchuan你, 你老人家 †
Tianshui你, 你老人家 †
Lanzhou你
Xining你, 喬, 你老人家 †
Hami你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Ürümqi你, 你老人家 †
Yanqi你
Wuhan你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Yichang你, 你家 †, 老人家 †, 你老人家 †
Xiangyang你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Tianmen你, 您哪 †, 你老人家 †
Hong'an你, 你老人家 †
Chengdu你, 你老人家 †
Nanchong你, 你老人家 †
Dazhou你, 你老人家 †
Hanyuan你, 你老人家 †
Xichang你, 你老 †
Zigong你, 你老人家 †
Chongqing你, 你老人家 †
Guiyang你, 你老人家 †
Zunyi你, 你老人家 †
Bijie你
Liping你, 您 †
Zhaotong你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Dali你, 你家 †
Kunming你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Mengzi你, 你老人家 †
Guilin你, 你老人家 †
Liuzhou你, 你老人家 †
Nanning (Xiakuojie)你
Nanning (Fujian)你
Nanning (Wuming)你
Nanning (Fucheng, Wuming)你
Binyang (Nanjie)你
Qinzhou (Longmengang)你
Jishou你
Changde你, 你家 †
Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine)你
Anqing你, 你老人家 †
Xuzhou恁, 你, 你老人家 †
Pizhou恁, 你
Ganyu你
Fuyang你, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Wuhu你, 你老人家 †
Yangzhou你, 你老人家 †
Baoying你
Lianyungang你, 你老人家 †
Donghai你
Huai'an (Huaiyin)你, 您兒 †
Lianshui你
Xuyi你
Xinghua你
Nanjing你, 你老人家 †
Hefei你, 你老人家 †
Nantong你, 你老人家 †
Rugao你
Yancheng你
Funing你
Sihong你
Taizhou你
Zhenjiang你
Changle (Qinjiang)你
Malaysia你, 您 †
Singapore你, 您 †
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)你
Dagudi (Maliba)你
Reshuitang (Longling)你
Mae Salong (Lancang)你
Mae Sai (Tengchong)你
Olginsky (Mikhaylovka)你
CantoneseGuangzhou你
Hong Kong你
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)你
Macau你
Guangzhou (Panyu)你
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)你
Guangzhou (Conghua)你
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)你
Foshan你
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)你
Foshan (Shunde)你
Foshan (Sanshui)你
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)你
Zhongshan (Shiqi)你
Zhuhai (Qianshan)你
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)你
Zhuhai (Doumen)你
Jiangmen (Baisha)你
Jiangmen (Xinhui)你
Taishan你
Kaiping (Chikan)你
Enping (Niujiang)你
Heshan (Yayao)你
Dongguan你
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)你
Qingyuan你
Fogang你
Yingde (Hanguang)你
Yangshan你
Lianshan (Butian)你
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)你
Shaoguan你
Shaoguan (Qujiang)你
Renhua你
Lechang你
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)你
Sihui你
Guangning你
Deqing你
Huaiji你
Fengkai (Nanfeng)你
Yunfu你
Xinxing你
Luoding你
Yunan (Pingtai)你
Yangjiang你
Xinyi你
Lianjiang你
Nanning你
Baise你
Qinzhou你
Beihai你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)你
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)你
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)你
Danzhou你
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)你
Penang (Guangfu)你
Singapore (Guangfu)你
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)你
Móng Cái你
GanNanchang爾, 恁
Nanchang (Wangcheng)恁
Anyi爾仂
Lushan爾
Pengze爾
Duchang爾, 爾儂
Wuning (Quankou)恁
Poyang你
Yugan你, 你郎
Wannian你
Hengfeng爾, 爾仂
Yanshan爾, 爾仂
Leping你
Yichun你
Yifeng爾
Gao'an爾
Fengxin你
Shanggao爾
Wanzai爾
Fengcheng你
Xinyu你
Fuzhou (Shangdundu)你
Fuzhou (Dongxiang)爾仂
Nancheng恁
Nanfeng你仂, 你
Yihuang恁
Lichuan汝
Chongren爾
Pingxiang恨, 你
Lianhua你
Ji'an你
Yongfeng恁
Taihe你
Xiajiang你
Yongxin你
Yingtan (Yujiang)爾
Guixi爾, 爾仂
Jianning你
Jinxian恁, 爾
Jinxi恁
Le'an你
Guangchang你
Anfu你
Suichuan你
Wan'an你
Jing'an爾
Zhangshu你
Xingan你
Fenyi你
HakkaMeixian你
Xingning你
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)你
Huiyang你
Huidong (Daling)你
Dongguan (Qingxi)你
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)你
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)你
Wuhua (Huacheng)你
Heyuan (Bendihua)你
Nanxiong (Zhuji)你
Shaoguan (Qujiang)你
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)你
Liannan你
Conghua (Lütian)你
Jiexi你
Changting你
Shanghang汝
Yongding汝
Wuping你
Wuping (Pingyu)你
Liancheng你
Ninghua你
Qingliu你
Yudu你
Ningdu恁
Ruijin你
Shicheng你
Shangyou (Shexi)你
Dayu你
Dingnan你
Longnan你
Xunwu爾
Huichang恨, 爾
Nankang你
Chongyi你
Xingguo你
Miaoli (N. Sixian)你
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)你
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)你
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)你
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)你
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)你
Hong Kong你
Luchuan你
Bobai (Shahe)你
Bobai (Longtan)你
Bobai (Lingping)你
Bobai (Lingjiao)你
Sabah (Longchuan)你
Senai (Huiyang)你
Kuching (Hepo)你
Singkawang你
Bangkok (Meixian)你
HuizhouJixi爾, 爾仂
Shexian爾, 你, 你老人家 †
Tunxi爾, 爾仂
Wuyuan爾
Fuliang爾
Dexing爾
Chun'an (Qiandaohu)爾
Jiande (Meicheng)爾
Jiande (Shouchang)曾, 曾儂
JinTaiyuan你, 你家 †
Yangyuan你, 您 †, 你家 †, 你老人家 †
Datong你, 您兒 †
Xinzhou你, 你吶 †
Lishi你, 你老兒家 †
Linfen你
Changzhi你
Taibus (Baochang)你, 您 †
Linhe你, 您 †, 你老兒家 †
Jining你, 您 †, 你家 †
Hohhot你, 您 †, 您老兒家 †
Baotou你, 您 †
Dongsheng你, 您 †
Haibowan你, 您 †
Erenhot你, 您兒 †
Pingshan你
Zhangjiakou你, 您 †, 你老 †
Handan你, 你老人家 †
Linzhou你
Suide你
Min BeiJian'ou你
Jian'ou (Dikou)你
Songxi你
Zhenghe你
Zhenghe (Zhenqian)汝
Jianyang你
Wuyishan你
Pucheng (Shibei)你
Min DongFuzhou汝
Changle汝
Lianjiang汝
Fuqing汝
Pingtan汝
Yongtai汝
Minqing汝
Gutian汝
Pingnan汝
Luoyuan汝
Fu'an汝
Ningde汝
Xiapu汝
Zherong汝
Shouning汝
Zhouning汝
Fuding汝
Matsu汝
Taishun爾
Cangnan爾
Singapore (Fuqing)汝
Manjung (Gutian)汝
Min NanXiamen汝
Xiamen (Tong'an)汝
Quanzhou汝
Jinjiang汝
Nan'an汝
Shishi汝
Hui'an汝
Anxi汝
Yongchun汝
Dehua汝
Zhangzhou汝
Zhangzhou (Longhai)汝
Zhangzhou (Changtai)汝
Hua'an汝
Nanjing汝
Pinghe汝
Zhangpu汝
Yunxiao汝
Zhao'an汝
Dongshan汝
Taipei汝
New Taipei (Sanxia)汝
Kaohsiung汝
Kaohsiung (Cijin)汝
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)汝
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)汝
Yilan汝
Changhua (Lukang)汝
Taichung汝
Taichung (Wuqi)汝
Tainan汝
Taitung汝
Hsinchu汝
Kinmen汝
Penghu (Magong)汝
Penang (Hokkien)汝
Singapore (Hokkien)汝
Manila (Hokkien)汝
Medan (Hokkien)汝
Longyan汝
Zhangping汝
Datian汝
Guilin (Biyange)汝
Chaozhou汝
Shantou汝
Shantou (Chaoyang)汝
Jieyang汝
Haifeng汝
Johor Bahru (Teochew)汝
Singapore (Teochew)汝
Pontianak (Teochew)汝
Leizhou汝
Wenchang汝
Haikou汝
Singapore (Hainanese)汝
Puxian MinPutian汝
Xianyou汝
Min ZhongYong'an你
Sanyuan你
Shaxian你
Yanping (Wangtai)你
Shaojiang MinShaowu𫣴
Guangze𫣴
Mingxi你
Shunchang你
Zhongshan MinShaxi (Longdu)汝
Sanxiang汝
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)你
ShehuaFu'an你
Fuding你
Luoyuan你
Sanming你
Shunchang你
Hua'an你
Guixi (Zhangping)你
Cangnan你
Jingning你
Lishui你
Longyou你
Chaozhou你
Fengshun你
WaxiangGuzhang (Gaofeng)你
WuShanghai儂
Shanghai (Chongming)爾
Shanghai (Shuangcaodun, Baoshan)儂
Shanghai (Jiading)儂, 甚, 恆儂
Shanghai (Songjiang)是奴
Suzhou倷
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang)㑚
Wuxi你
Changshu儂
Kunshan能
Haimen你
Jiaxing你
Jiashan你
Pinghu爾儂
Haining (Yanguan)儂, 你
Tongxiang儂
Haiyan你
Changzhou你
Danyang爾
Gaochun你
Huzhou是爾
Changxing是爾
Anji爾
Deqing爾
Hangzhou你
Hangzhou (Yuhang)儂, 是儂, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Lin'an)儂, 是儂
Hangzhou (Fuyang)儂, 你, 爾, 是爾
Hangzhou (Xiaoshan)爾
Tonglu你, 是你
Shaoxing諾
Zhuji你
Shengzhou儂
Xinchang爾, 奶
Ningbo諾, 爾, 爾諾
Zhenhai諾
Fenghua儂, 爾
Yuyao儂
Cixi儂
Xiangshan爾, 像爾
Ninghai爾, 爾儂
Zhoushan儂
Huangyan爾
Tiantai爾
Xianju爾
Sanmen爾
Linhai爾
Wenling爾
Wenzhou你
Yueqing你
Yongjia (Fenglin)你
Pingyang你
Taishun你
Wencheng你
Lishui你
Qingtian你
Jinyun你, 定你
Wuyi (Liucheng)爾
Songyang (Xiping)你
Yunhe你
Jingning你
Qingyuan你
Longquan你
Quzhou你
Suichang你
Jiangshan你
Changshan爾
Kaihua你
Longyou你, 你儂
Jinhua儂
Jinhua (Tangxi)爾, 爾儂
Yiwu儂
Yongkang爾
Pujiang爾
Dongyang爾
Wuyi儂
Lanxi爾, 爾儂
Shangrao爾儂
Shangrao (Guangfeng)爾
Yushan恁
XiangChangsha你
Xiangtan你
Loudi你
Shuangfeng你
Note†: honorific

Compounds

  • 不爾／不尔
  • 不過爾爾／不过尔尔 (bùguò'ěr'ěr)
  • 乃爾／乃尔 (nǎi'ěr)
  • 侃爾／侃尔
  • 俄爾／俄尔 (é'ěr)
  • 俶爾／俶尔 (chù'ěr)
  • 倏爾／倏尔
  • 偶爾／偶尔 (ǒu'ěr)
  • 公爾忘私／公尔忘私
  • 具爾／具尔
  • 出爾反爾／出尔反尔 (chū'ěrfǎn'ěr)
  • 卓爾／卓尔
  • 卓爾不群／卓尔不群 (zhuó'ěrbùqún)
  • 卓爾出群／卓尔出群
  • 嘑爾／呼尔 (hù'ěr)
  • 國爾忘家／国尔忘家
  • 宴爾新婚／宴尔新婚
  • 果爾／果尔
  • 溫文爾雅／温文尔雅 (wēnwén'ěryǎ)
  • 焉爾／焉尔
  • 燕爾／燕尔
  • 燕爾新婚／燕尔新婚
  • 爾來／尔来
  • 爾後／尔后 (ěrhòu)
  • 爾我／尔我
  • 爾日／尔日
  • 爾時／尔时 (ěrshí)
  • 爾曹／尔曹 (ěrcáo)
  • 爾朱／尔朱 (Ěrzhū)
  • 爾汝／尔汝
  • 爾汝之交／尔汝之交
  • 爾爾／尔尔 (ěr'ěr)
  • 爾當／尔当
  • 爾等／尔等 (ěrděng)
  • 爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 (ěryúwǒzhà)
  • 爾詐我虞／尔诈我虞
  • 爾雅／尔雅 (Ěryǎ)
  • 爾雅溫文／尔雅温文
  • 爾雅翼／尔雅翼
  • 率爾／率尔
  • 率爾成章／率尔成章
  • 率爾操觚／率尔操觚
  • 瓶爾小草／瓶尔小草
  • 竟爾／竟尔
  • 聊復爾爾／聊复尔尔
  • 聊復爾耳／聊复尔耳
  • 莞爾／莞尔 (wǎn'ěr)
  • 蕞爾／蕞尔 (zuì'ěr)
  • 謐爾／谧尔
  • 謖爾／谡尔
  • 逌爾／逌尔
  • 遽爾／遽尔 (jù'ěr)
  • 鏗爾／铿尔
  • 雍容爾雅／雍容尔雅
  • 風流爾雅／风流尔雅

Etymology 2

trad.爾
simp.尔
alternative forms尼
呢

Pronunciation

  • Min Nan (POJ): nî / nī
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî
      • Tâi-lô: nî
      • Phofsit Daibuun: nii
      • IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ¹³/
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nī
      • Tâi-lô: nī
      • Phofsit Daibuun: ni
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nĩ³³/

Definitions

爾

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

  • 偌爾／偌尔
  • 遐爾／遐尔 (hiah-nī)
  • 遐爾仔／遐尔仔
  • 遮爾／遮尔
  • 遮爾仔／遮尔仔

Etymology 3

trad.爾
simp.尔
alternative forms耳

Pronunciation

  • Min Nan (POJ): niā / liǎ / nǐ / niâ
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore, Penang)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niā
      • Tâi-lô: niā
      • Phofsit Daibuun: nia
      • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /niã³³/
      • IPA (Singapore): /nia²²/
      • IPA (Penang): /nia²¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /niã²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liǎ
      • Tâi-lô: liǎ
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /lia²²/
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǐ
      • Tâi-lô: nǐ
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ²²/
    • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niâ
      • Tâi-lô: niâ
      • Phofsit Daibuun: niaa
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /niã²³/
      • IPA (Taipei): /niã²⁴/
Note: niâ - contraction of 爾爾／尔尔 (niā-niā).

Definitions

爾

  1. (Hokkien) that's all; nothing more; is all

Compounds

  • 爾爾／尔尔 (niā-niā)

Etymology 4

trad.爾
simp.尔

Pronunciation

  • Min Nan (POJ): nǎ / nā
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nǎ
      • Tâi-lô: nǎ
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /nã²²/
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nā
      • Tâi-lô: nā
      • Phofsit Daibuun: na
      • IPA (Xiamen): /nã²²/

Definitions

爾

  1. (Hokkien) only

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ěr (er3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄦˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ji5
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngí / ní
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ni3
  • Min Dong (BUC): ī
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): ní / jíⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): re2
  • Wu (Wiktionary): hher (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): e3
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: ěr
      • Zhuyin: ㄦˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: ěr
      • Wade–Giles: êrh3
      • Yale: ěr
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eel
      • Palladius: эр (er)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ˀɤɻ²¹⁴/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ji5
      • Yale: yíh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: ji5
      • Guangdong Romanization: yi5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /jiː¹³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngí / ní
      • Hakka Romanization System: ngi` / ni`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: ngi3 / ni3
      • Sinological IPA: /ɲi³¹/, /ni³¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: ni3
      • Sinological IPA: /ni³¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: ī
      • Sinological IPA (key): /i³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ní
      • Tâi-lô: ní
      • Phofsit Daibuun: nie
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /nĩ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /nĩ⁵³/
    • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jíⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: jínn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: jvie
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑĩ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑĩ⁵³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: re2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jṳ́
      • Sinological IPA (key): /d͡zɯ⁵²/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: hher (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɦəɻ²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: e3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɤ̞⁴¹/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
爾
MandarinBeijing/əɻ²¹⁴/
Harbin/ɚ²¹³/
Tianjin/ə¹³/
Jinan/əɻ⁵⁵/
Qingdao/əɻ⁵⁵/
/ɭə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/ɭ⁵³/
Xi'an/əɻ⁵³/
Xining/ɛ⁵³/
Yinchuan/əɻ⁵³/
Lanzhou/ɯ⁵³/
Ürümqi/ɚ⁵¹/
Wuhan/ɯ⁴²/
Chengdu/əɻ⁵³/
Guiyang/ɚ⁴²/
Kunming/ə⁵³/
Nanjing/əɻ²¹²/
Hefei/a²⁴/
JinTaiyuan/əɻ⁵³/
Pingyao/əɻ³⁵/
Hohhot/aɻ⁵³/
WuShanghai/əl²³/
Suzhou/əl⁵⁵/
Hangzhou/əl⁵³/
Wenzhou/zz̩³⁵/
HuiShexian/ɛ⁴⁴/
/n̩³⁵/
Tunxi
XiangChangsha/ə⁴¹/
Xiangtan/e⁴²/
GanNanchang/ɵ²¹³/
HakkaMeixian/ni⁴⁴/
/ni³¹/
Taoyuan/ni¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/ji²³/
Nanning/ji²⁴/
Hong Kong/ji²³/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/ni⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/i³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/œ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan)/zɯ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/le³¹/

Definitions

爾

  1. Used in transcription.
Usage notes

It is often used to transcribe the /l/ and /r/ sounds in words of foreign languages not immediately followed by a vowel, e.g. 尼泊爾／尼泊尔 (Níbó'ěr, “Nepal”), 斯德哥爾摩／斯德哥尔摩 (Sīdégē'ěrmó, “Stockholm”), 克什米爾／克什米尔 (Kèshímǐ'ěr, “Kashmir”), 塞爾維亞／塞尔维亚 (Sài'ěrwéiyà, “Serbia”), etc.

Compounds
Derived terms from 爾

Japanese

Kanji

爾

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. you, thou
  2. that

Readings

  • Go-on: に (ni)
  • Kan-on: じ (ji)
  • Kun: なんじ (nanji, 爾)←なんぢ (nandi, historical); それ (sore, 爾れ); その (sono, 爾の); しかり (shikari, 爾り)
  • Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); ちか (chika); ちかし (chikashi); み (mi); みつる (mitsuru)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 爾(じ)雅(が) (Jiga)
  • 爾(に)前(ぜん) (nizen)
  • 大(た)為(い)爾(に) (Taini)
  • 弖(て)爾(に)波(は), 手(て)爾(に)波(は) (teniha)
  • 弖(て)爾(に)乎(を)波(は), 手(て)爾(に)遠(を)波(は), 天(て)爾(に)遠(を)波(は) (tenioha)
  • 法(ほう)爾(に) (hōni)
  • 亜爾然丁(アルゼンチン) (Aruzenchin)
  • 喀什噶爾(カシュガル) (Kashugaru)
  • 撒爾沙(サルサ) (sarusa)
  • 舎的爾(セーデル) (sēderu)
  • 哈爾浜(ハルビン) (Harubin)
  • 伯剌西爾(ブラジル) (Burajiru)
  • 莫臥爾(モール) (Mōru)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
爾
じ
Jinmeiyō
kan’on

From Middle Chinese 爾 (MC ȵiᴇX).

Affix

爾(じ) • (ji) 

  1. second person archaic pronoun: thou, you
  2. distal pronoun equivalent to modern それ (sore) or その (sono): that
  3. auxiliary character in 漢文 (kanbun) texts indicating state or condition

Derived terms

Derived terms
  • 爾(じ)後(ご) (jigo)
  • 爾(じ)今(こん) (jikon)
  • 爾(じ)時(じ) (jiji)
  • 爾(じ)汝(じょ) (jijo)
  • 爾(じ)曹(そう) (jisō)
  • 爾(じ)余(よ) (jiyo)
  • 爾(じ)来(らい) (jirai)
  • 云(うん)爾(じ) (unji)
  • 莞(かん)爾(じ) (kanji)
  • 鏗(こう)爾(じ) (kōji)
  • 忽(こつ)爾(じ) (kotsuji)
  • 蕞(さい)爾(じ) (saiji)
  • 卒(そつ)爾(じ), 率(そつ)爾(じ) (sotsuji)
  • 徒(と)爾(じ) (toji)
  • 瞥(べつ)爾(じ) (betsuji)
  • 勃(ぼつ)爾(じ) (botsuji)
  • 聊(りょう)爾(じ) (ryōji)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
爾
おれ
Jinmeiyō
irregular
Alternative spelling
儞

From Old Japanese, found in use mostly from ancient times until roughly the Heian period,[1] used to refer in the second person to social inferiors or to insult.[1][2][3]

The second person sense of you appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) おれ [òré] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA(key): [o̞ɾe̞]

Pronoun

爾(おれ) • (ore) 

  1. (archaic, vulgar) second person pronoun: you
Usage notes
  • Often used to insult. Compare modern Japanese お前 (omae), English you son of a bitch.
  • Not to be confused with the modern first person pronoun 俺 (ore).
Derived terms
  • うれ (ure)
  • 爾(おれ)奴(め) (oreme)
  • 爾(おれ)等(ら) (orera)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
爾
なんじ
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 爾 – see the following entry.
【汝なんじ】J
[pronoun] (archaic) second-person singular pronoun: you, thou
(This term, 爾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
爾
しか
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 爾 – see 然.
(This term, 爾, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.)

(The following entry is uncreated: 然.)

References

  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1995, 大辞泉 (Daijisen) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

爾 (eumhun 너 이 (neo i))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 爾

Old Japanese

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronoun

爾 (ore) (kana おれ)

  1. second person pronoun: you
    • 711–712, Kojiki (Second scroll, Yamato Takeru no mikoto)
      爾詔：「吾者坐纒向之日代宮所知大八嶋國。大帶日子淤斯呂和氣天皇之御子、名倭男具那王者也、意禮熊曾建二人不伏無禮聞看而、取殺意禮詔而遣。」
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Descendants

  • Japanese: 爾, 儞 (ore)

Vietnamese

Han character

爾: Hán Việt readings: nhĩ
爾: Nôm readings: nhãi, nhĩ

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

  • Nom Foundation
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