渦

渦

See also: 涡

渦 U+6E26, 渦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E26 ← 渥 [U+6E25] CJK Unified Ideographs 渧 → [U+6E27]

Translingual

Han character

渦 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月月口 (EBBR), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵咼)

References

• KangXi: page 634, character 7
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17771
• Dae Jaweon: page 1041, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1651, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6E26

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
碢	*l'oːl
腡	*ɡ·roːl, *kʷroːl
過	*kloːl, *kloːls
渦	*kloːl, *qloːl
鍋	*kloːl
楇	*kloːl, *ɡloːls
瘑	*kloːl
緺	*koːl, *kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝	*kloːl
濄	*kloːl, *qloːl
鐹	*kloːlʔ, *kloːls
薖	*kʰloːl
簻	*kʰloːl, *kr'oːl
禍	*ɡloːlʔ
窩	*qloːl
萵	*qloːl
檛	*kr'oːl
膼	*kr'oːl
蝸	*kroːl, *kʷroːl
媧	*kroːl, *kʷroːl
騧	*kroːl, *kʷroːl
冎	*kroːlʔ
剮	*kroːlʔ
諣	*qʰroːls, *qʰʷroːls
歄	*kʷroːl
咼	*kʰʷroːl
喎	*kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kloːl, *qloːl) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Etymology 1

trad.		渦
simp.		涡
2nd round simp.		呙

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): wō (wo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wo¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vô
• Min Nan (POJ): o / o͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wō
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wo
    • Wade–Giles: wo¹
    • Yale: wō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: uo
    • Palladius: во (vo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wo¹
    • Yale: wō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wo¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: wo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔː⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vô
    • Hakka Romanization System: vo´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vo¹
    • Sinological IPA: /vo²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o
    • Tâi-lô: o
    • Phofsit Daibuun: oy
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /o³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɤ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /o⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: o͘
    • Tâi-lô: oo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: of
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔuɑ/

Rime
Character	渦
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	影 (34)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	烏禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔwa/
Li Rong	/ʔuɑ/
Wang Li	/uɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wo1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*qloːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渦
Reading #	2/2
No.	4377
Phonetic component	冎
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	倭
Old Chinese	/*qloːl/
Notes	與蝸同源

Definitions

渦

1. whirlpool; eddy; vortex
2. something shaped like a whirlpool; indentation; concavity

Compounds

捲入漩渦／卷入漩涡 梨渦／梨涡 (líwō) 梨頰微渦／梨颊微涡 渦口／涡口 渦流／涡流 (wōliú)

渦蟲／涡虫 渦輪／涡轮 (wōlún) 渦輪機／涡轮机 (wōlúnjī) 漩渦／漩涡 (xuánwō) 漩渦星雲／漩涡星云

盤渦／盘涡 笑渦／笑涡 粉渦／粉涡 翠渦／翠涡 酒渦／酒涡

Etymology 2

trad.		渦
simp.		涡
alternative forms		濄／㳡

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): guō (guo¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gwo¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: guō
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: guo
    • Wade–Giles: kuo¹
    • Yale: gwō
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guo
    • Palladius: го (go)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kwɔ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: gwo¹
    • Yale: gwō
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gwo¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: guo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔː⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kuɑ/

Rime
Character	渦
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古禾切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/kuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/kuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwa/
Li Rong	/kuɑ/
Wang Li	/kuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/kuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guō
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwo1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kloːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	渦
Reading #	1/2
No.	4363
Phonetic component	冎
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	戈
Old Chinese	/*kloːl/
Notes	見漢書亦作濄

Definitions

渦

1. (～河, ～水) Guo (a river)
2. a surname

References

• “渦”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

渦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

• Go-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}; わ (wa)
• Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}; わ (wa)
• Kan’yō-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
• Kun: うず (uzu, 渦, Jōyō)^{←うづ (udu, historical)}

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
渦
か Grade: S
goon

/kwa/ → /ka/

From Middle Chinese 渦 (MC kuɑ, “eddy, swirl, whirlpool”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ka̠]

Affix

渦(か) • (ka) ^{←くわ (kwa)?}

1. eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex

Usage notes

This reading is only ever found in compounds.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 渦状(かじょう) (kajō): a swirl shape
• 渦中(かちゅう) (kachū): the one involved, the one dragged in, the one caught up

Etymology 2

渦 (uzu): a vortex in colored smoke, caused by the passage of an airplane wing.

Kanji in this term
渦
うず Grade: S
kun’yomi

/udu/ → /udzu/ → /uzu/

From Old Japanese.[1]

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) う​ず [úꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝzɨᵝ]

Noun

渦(うず) • (uzu) ^{←うづ (udu)?}

1. eddy, swirl, whirlpool, vortex
   • Early 700s, 播磨国風土記 (Harima no Kuni Fudoki, “Chronicles of the Country of Harima”)

     絞水(うづ)の淵(ふち)あり。故(かれ)、宇頭(うづ)川(がわ)と号(なづ)く。

     uzu no fuchi ari. Kare, Uzugawa to nazuku.

     There is a deep whirl / eddy pool there. As such, it is called “Uzugawa” (Eddy River).

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 渦(うず)巻(ま)き (uzumaki): spiral, whirlpool, eddy
• 渦(うず)潮(しお) (uzushio): a tidal whirlpool or eddy

References

1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 渦 (MC ʔuɑ).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅪᆼ (Yale: qwa) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 와 (wa)訓 (Yale: wa) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [wa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [와]

Hanja

Wikisource渦 (eumhun 소용돌이 와 (soyongdori wa))

1. Hanja form^? of 와 (“whirlpool; eddy; vortex”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 와중 (渦中, wajung)
• 와선 (渦旋, waseon)
• 선와 (旋渦, seonwa)
• 와동 (渦動, wadong)
• 와류 (渦流, waryu)
• 와전류 (渦電流, wajeollyu)

Etymology 2

From Middle Chinese 渦 (MC kuɑ).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 광 (Yale: kwa) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [kwa̠]
• Phonetic hangul: [과]

Hanja

渦 (eumhun 강 이름 과 (gang ireum gwa))

1. Hanja form^? of 과 (“name of a river”).

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

渦: Hán Nôm readings: oa

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation