胃

胃

See also: 胄 and 冑

胃 U+80C3, 胃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80C3 ← 胂 [U+80C2] CJK Unified Ideographs 胄 → [U+80C4]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

胃 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田月 (WB), four-corner 6022₇, composition ⿱田月)

Derived characters

• 膚

References

• KangXi: page 977, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29348
• Dae Jaweon: page 1428, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2059, character 8
• Unihan data for U+80C3

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Chinese

trad.		胃
simp. #		胃
alternative forms		𦛂 𦞅 𦝩 𦞽

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 胃
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (胃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
喟	*kʰruːds, *kʰruds
胃	*ɢuds
謂	*ɢuds
媦	*ɢuds
蝟	*ɢuds
渭	*ɢuds
煟	*ɢuds
緭	*ɢuds

According to Shuowen Jiezi, the 𡇒 character (note that this Unicode character has undergone libian simplification) atop 𦞅 is a pictogram (象形) of a stomach. While the bronze script form merely consisted of two concentric circles, an inner portion of the character was later added, namely a mutated form of the seal script character of 米 ("rice"), representing grains within the stomach. A 肉 component (modern radical form ⺼, not to be confused with the unrelated 月) was added to specialise the character. Upon transition to the clerical script form, the upper component was simplified to 田.

The ancient form of the character can be seen within the lower component of 𦳊.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wèi (wei⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): wei⁴

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wai⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): ui⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vi
• Min Dong (BUC): ôi
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ūi / ui

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ui⁷

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhue (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wèi
    • Wade–Giles: wei⁴
    • Yale: wèi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wey
    • Palladius: вэй (vɛj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /weɪ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: wei⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ui
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /uei²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wai⁶
    • Yale: waih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wai⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: wei⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐi̯²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: ui⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vi
    • Hakka Romanization System: vi
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vi⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /vi⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ôi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui²⁴²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ūi
    • Tâi-lô: uī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ui
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ui⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ui³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ui²²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ui
    • Tâi-lô: ui
    • Phofsit Daibuun: uy
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /ui³³/

Note:

• Quanzhou:
  • ui - vernacular;
  • ūi - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ui⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ūi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ui¹¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhue (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɯe̞²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦʉi^H/

Rime
Character	胃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	微 (21)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	于貴切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦʉiH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷɨiH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣiuəiH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦujH/
Li Rong	/ɣiuəiH/
Wang Li	/ɣĭwəiH/
Bernard Karlgren	/we̯iH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wai6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷə[t]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɢuds/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	胃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	wèi
Middle Chinese	‹ hjwɨjH ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷə[t]-s/
English	stomach
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	胃
Reading #	1/1
No.	12942
Phonetic component	胃
Rime group	隊
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	胃
Old Chinese	/*ɢuds/

Definitions

胃

1. stomach
2. gizzard of fowl

Synonyms

• (stomach): (Sichuan) 胃子

Meronyms

• (stomach of a ruminant): 瘤胃 (liúwèi, “rumen”), 網胃／网胃 (wǎngwèi, “reticulum”), 瓣胃 (bànwèi, “omasum”), 皺胃／皱胃 (zhòuwèi, “abomasum”)

Compounds

倒胃 (dǎowèi) 倒胃口 (dǎo wèikǒu) 健胃 反胃 (fǎnwèi) 合胃口 (hé wèikǒu) 吊胃口 (diào wèikǒu) 投脾胃 洗胃 (xǐwèi) 瓣胃 (bànwèi) 瘤胃 (liúwèi) 瘤胃 (liúwèi) 胃下垂 (wèixiàchuí) 胃口 (wèikǒu) 胃小凹 (wèixiǎo'āo) 胃底 (wèidǐ) 胃液 (wèiyè) 胃炎 (wèiyán) 胃病 (wèibìng)

胃癌 (wèi'ái) 胃穿孔 (wèichuānkǒng) 胃脘 胃腺 (wèixiàn) 胃蛋白酶 (wèidànbáiméi) 胃酸 (wèisuān) 脾胃 (píwèi) 腹胃 蜂巢胃 (fēngcháowèi) 重瓣胃 (chóngbànwèi) 不對胃口／不对胃口 健胃劑／健胃剂 刮腸洗胃／刮肠洗胃 反芻胃／反刍胃 對胃口／对胃口 (duì wèikǒu) 沒胃口／没胃口 湔浣腸胃／湔浣肠胃 滯胃／滞胃

皺胃／皱胃 (zhòuwèi) 皺胃／皱胃 (zhòuwèi) 網胃／网胃 (wǎngwèi) 羊胃羊頭／羊胃羊头 胃大彎／胃大弯 (wèidàwān) 胃小彎／胃小弯 (wèixiǎowān) 胃潰瘍／胃溃疡 (wèikuìyáng) 胃納／胃纳 胃臟／胃脏 胃輕癱／胃轻瘫 (wèiqīngtān) 胃鏡／胃镜 (wèijìng) 胃鏡檢查／胃镜检查 腸胃／肠胃 (chángwèi) 膩胃／腻胃 蜂窩胃／蜂窝胃 (fēngwōwèi) 開胃／开胃 (kāiwèi) 飲灰洗胃／饮灰洗胃

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (胃):

• → Japanese: 胃(い) (i)
• → Korean: 위(胃) (wi)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03311
• “胃”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

胃

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. stomach

Readings

• Go-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}
• Kan-on: い (i, Jōyō)^{←ゐ (wi, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
胃
い Grade: 6
on’yomi

/wi/ → /i/

From Middle Chinese 胃 (MC ɦʉi^H).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) い [ì] (Heiban – [0])[1]
• IPA^(key): [i]

Noun

胃(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)?}

1. stomach

Synonyms

• 胃(い)袋(ぶくろ) (ibukuro)

Proper noun

胃(い) • (I) ^{←ゐ (wi)?}

1. (Chinese astronomy) Stomach Mansion (one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions)

Synonyms

• 胃宿(えきえぼし) (ekieboshi)

Affix

胃(い) • (i) ^{←ゐ (wi)?}

1. stomach

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 胃(い)液(えき) (ieki): gastric juice
• 胃(い)潰(かい)瘍(よう) (ikaiyō): gastric ulcer
• 胃(い)癌(がん) (igan): gastric cancer
• 胃(い)酸(さん) (isan): gastric acid
• 胃(い)腸(ちょう) (ichō): stomach and intestines

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 胃 (MC ɦʉi^H).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅌᅱᆼ〮 (Yale: ngwúy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	야ᇰ〯 (Yale: yǎng)	위〮 (Yale: wúy)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ɥi] ~ [y]
• Phonetic hangul: [위]

Hanja

Wikisource胃 (eumhun 위장(胃臟) 위 (wijang wi))

1. Hanja form^? of 위 (“stomach”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 비위 (脾胃, biwi)
• 위장 (胃腸, wijang)
• 위암 (胃癌, wiam)
• 위산 (胃酸, wisan)
• 위액 (胃液, wiaek)
• 위염 (胃炎, wiyeom)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

胃: Hán Nôm readings: vị

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