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单词 海老
释义

海老

Chinese

ocean; sea
 
old; aged; venerable
old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)
trad. (海老)海老
simp. #(海老)海老
anagram老海

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎilǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi2 lou5
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: hǎilǎo [Phonetic: háilǎo]
      • Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˇ ㄌㄠˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: hǎilǎo
      • Wade–Giles: hai3-lao3
      • Yale: hǎi-lǎu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haelao
      • Palladius: хайлао (xajlao)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: hoi2 lou5
      • Yale: hói lóuh
      • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi2 lou5
      • Guangdong Romanization: hoi2 lou5
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯³⁵ lou̯¹³/
  • Middle Chinese: /hʌiX  lɑuX/
Rime
Character海老
Reading #1/11/1
Initial (聲)曉 (32)來 (37)
Final (韻)咍 (41)豪 (89)
Tone (調)Rising (X)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)OpenOpen
Division (等)II
Fanqie呼改切盧晧切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/hʌiX//lɑuX/
Pan
Wuyun		/həiX//lɑuX/
Shao
Rongfen		/xɒiX//lɑuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/həjX//lawX/
Li
Rong		/xᴀiX//lɑuX/
Wang
Li		/xɒiX//lɑuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/xɑ̆iX//lɑuX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		hǎilǎo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		hoi2lou5
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤəʔ  C.rˤuʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmlɯːʔ  ruːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character海老
Reading #1/11/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		hǎilǎo
Middle
Chinese		‹ xojX ›‹ lawX ›
Old
Chinese		/*m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > x-)/*C.rˁuʔ/
Englishseaold

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character海老
Reading #1/11/1
No.92837666
Phonetic
component		母老
Rime
group		之幽
Rime
subdivision		01
Corresponding
MC rime		海老
Old
Chinese		/*hmlɯːʔ//*ruːʔ/

Verb

海老

  1. (literary, of a sea) to dry up

Noun

海老

  1. (literary) alcohol

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
海老
えび
Grade: 2Grade: 4
jukujikun
Alternative spellings
海老 (kyūjitai)
蝦
鰕
魵

/jepi/ → /jebi/ → /ebi/

Possibly from Old Japanese, first attested in the Honzō Wamyō (918 CE).

Ultimate derivation unclear, with theories including:

  • Shift in meaning from ebi, ancient reading of modern 葡萄 (budō, “grape”), from a resemblance in color
  • Shift in reading from epige, proposed compound of 良い (ei, “good”) + 髭 (pige → hige, “beard”) from the bearded appearance
  • Shift in reading from epige, proposed compound of 江 (e, “inlet, bay”) + 髭 (pige → hige, “beard”) from the bearded appearance

Appears as Yebi in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[1]

The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓), in reference to the vague resemblance to a stooped old man. See the kairō reading below.

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) えび [èbí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [e̞bʲi]

Noun

海老(えび) • (ebi) 

  1. any long-tailed decapod crustacean or arthropod:
    1. a crayfish
      Hyponyms: 蝲蛄 (zarigani), 蝉海老 (semiebi)
    2. a lobster
      Synonyms: ロブスター (robusutā), オマール (omāru)
      Hyponym: 海蝲蛄 (umi zarigani)
    3. a prawn
      Synonym: プローン (purōn)
      Hyponyms: 車海老 (kuruma-ebi), 大正海老 (Taishō ebi)
    4. a shrimp
      Synonym: シュリンプ (shurinpu)
  2. Short for 海老錠 (ebijō): a padlock
  3. a type of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with an ebi motif
Usage notes

This term is more generic than the English glosses. Where necessary, the meaning can be clarified by indicating type or size:

  • 小(こ)海老(えび) (koebi): shrimp, literally “small ebi”
  • 伊(い)勢(せ)海老(えび) (Ise ebi): spiny lobster (without big claws, unlike the North American lobster)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 海老(えび)上(あが)り, 海老(えび)上(あ)がり (ebi agari)
  • 海老(エビ)芋(イモ) (ebiimo)
  • 海老尾(えびお) (ebio)
  • 海老(えび)型(がた) (ebigata)
  • 海老(えび)固(がた)め (ebi-gatame)
  • 海老(えび)カツ (ebi katsu)
  • 海老(エビ)蟹(ガニ) (ebigani)
  • 海老(えび)虹梁(こうりょう) (ebi kōryō)
  • 海老(エビ)蟋蟀(コオロギ) (ebi kōrogi)
  • 海老(えび)腰(ごし) (ebigoshi)
  • 海老(えび)鞘巻(さやまき) (ebi sayamaki)
  • 海老(エビ)雑魚(ジャコ) (ebijako)
  • 海老(えび)錠(じょう) (ebijō)
  • 海老責(えびぜ)め (ebizeme)
  • 海老(えび)煎餅(せんべい) (ebi senbei)
  • 海老(えび)素麺(そうめん) (ebi sōmen)
  • 海老(えび)反(ぞ)り (ebizori)
  • 海老(えび)茶(ちゃ) (ebicha)
  • 海老(えび)チリ (ebi chiri)
  • 海老(えび)束(づか) (ebizuka)
  • 海老名(えびな) (Ebina)
  • 海老根(エビネ) (ebine)
  • 海老手(えびで)の人参(にんじん) (ebi-de no ninjin)
  • 海老(えび)の尻尾(しっぽ) (ebi no shippo)
  • 海老(えび)原(はら) (Ebihara)
  • 海老(えび)フライ (ebi furai)
  • 海老藻(エビモ) (ebimo)
  • 海老(えび)マヨ (ebi mayo)
  • 赤(アカ)海老(エビ) (akaebi)
  • 甘(アマ)海老(エビ) (amaebi)
  • 伊勢(イセ)海老(エビ) (Ise ebi)
  • 牛(うし)海老(えび) (ushiebi)
  • 団扇(ウチワ)海老(エビ) (uchiwa ebi)
  • 乙姫(オトヒメ)海老(エビ) (otohime ebi)
  • オマール海老(えび) (omāru ebi)
  • 飾(かざ)り海老(えび) (kazari ebi)
  • 兜(カブト)海老(エビ) (kabuto ebi)
  • 鎌倉(かまくら)海老(えび) (Kamakura ebi)
  • 川(かわ)海老(えび) (kawa ebi)
  • 熊(クマ)海老(エビ) (kumaebi)
  • 車(クルマ)海老(エビ) (kuruma-ebi)
  • 高麗(コウライ)海老(エビ) (Kōrai ebi)
  • 小(こ)海老(えび) (koebi)
  • 五(ゴ)色(シキ)海老(エビ) (goshiki ebi)
  • 小衝(こづ)き海老(えび) (kozuki ebi)
  • 桜(サクラ)海老(エビ) (sakura ebi)
  • 猿(サル)海老(エビ) (saruebi)
  • 芝(シバ)海老(エビ) (shibaebi)
  • 猩猩(ショウジョウ)海老(エビ) (shōjō ebi)
  • 条(スジ)海老(エビ) (sujiebi)
  • 蝉(セミ)海老(エビ) (semiebi)
  • 草(ゾウ)履(リ)海老(エビ) (zōri ebi)
  • 大(タイ)正(ショウ)海老(エビ) (Taishō ebi)
  • 杖突(ツエツキ)海老(エビ) (tsuetsuki ebi)
  • 手(テ)長(ナガ)海老(エビ) (tenaga ebi)
  • 鉄砲(テッポウ)海老(エビ) (teppō ebi)
  • 同穴(ドウケツ)海老(エビ) (dōketsu ebi)
  • 富(ト)山(ヤマ)海老(エビ) (Toyama ebi)
  • 虎(トラ)海老(エビ) (toraebi)
  • 錦(ニシキ)海老(エビ) (nishiki ebi)
  • 糠(ヌカ)海老(エビ) (nukaebi)
  • 沼(ヌマ)海老(エビ) (numaebi)
  • 箱(ハコ)海老(エビ) (hakoebi)
  • バナメイ海老(エビ) (banamei ebi)
  • 豊年(ホウネン)海老(エビ) (hōnen ebi)
  • 牡(ボ)丹(タン)海老(エビ) (botan ebi)
  • 北海(ホッカイ)海老(エビ) (hokkai ebi)
  • 干(ほ)し海老(えび), 乾(ほ)し海老(えび) (hoshi ebi)
  • 剥(む)き海老(えび) (muki ebi)
  • 藻海老(モエビ) (moebi)
  • 茹(ゆ)で海老(えび) (yudeebi)
  • 葦(ヨシ)海老(エビ) (yoshiebi)
  • 横(ヨコ)海老(エビ) (yokoebi)
Idioms
  • 海老(えび)で鯛(たい)を釣(つ)る (ebi de tai o tsuru), 海老(えび)鯛(たい) (ebitai), “throw a sprat to catch a mackerel”
  • 海老(えび)の鯛(たい)交(ま)じり (ebi no tai majiri), something insignificant among great things
Proverbs
  • 鱧(はも)も一(いち)期(ご)、海老(えび)も一(いち)期(ご) (hamo mo ichigo, ebi mo ichigo)

Proper noun

海老(えび) • (Ebi) 

  1. a place name
  2. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
海老
かい
Grade: 2		ろう
Grade: 4
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
海老 (kyūjitai)

*/kairau/ → /kairɔː/ → /kairoː/

Probably a coinage in Japan of Middle Chinese-derived elements, as 海 (kai, “sea, ocean”) + 老 (rō, “elder, old person”), in reference to the vague resemblance to a stooped old man.

Appears as Cairǒ in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[3]

Pronunciation

  • On’yomi
    • (Tokyo) かいろー [kàíróó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [ka̠iɾo̞ː]

Noun

海(かい)老(ろう) • (kairō) ←かいらう (kairau)?

  1. any long-tailed decapod crustacean or arthropod:
    1. a crayfish
    2. a lobster
    3. a prawn
    4. a shrimp
Usage notes

This reading is less common than ebi above.

Derived terms
  • 海老(かいろう)尾(び) (kairōbi)

Proper noun

海(かい)老(ろう) • (Kairō) ←かいらう (kairau)?

  1. a place name

References

  1. 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. 1603, 日葡辞書: パリ本 / Vocabulario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan) (in Japanese and Portuguese), 1976 reprint, Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here
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