本
See also: 夲
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 | |||
Han character
本 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 木一 (DM), four-corner 50230, composition ⿻木一)
Derived characters
- 体, 呠, 㤓, 𢫆, 𪰐, 泍, 𠄯, 㶱, 砵, 鉢 (钵) 䬱, 缽, 絊, 躰, 骵, 䱁, 翉, 㮺, 𡭦, 苯, 笨, 𦊚, 𦤎, 𦏓, 㡷, 𤵳
References
- KangXi: page 509, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14421
- Dae Jaweon: page 891, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1151, character 1
- Unihan data for U+672C
Chinese
| simp. and trad. | 本 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | 夲 | |
Glyph origin
| Historical forms of the character 本 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |  |  |
Characters in the same phonetic series (本) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 本 | *pɯːnʔ |
| 笨 | *pɯːnʔ, *bɯːnʔ |
| 苯 | *pɯːnʔ |
| 翉 | *pʰɯːnʔ |
| 体 | *bɯːnʔ |
| 鉢 | *poːd |
| 缽 | *poːd |
Ideogram (指事) : a tree (木) with its bottom highlighted with an extra stroke, accentuating the roots; contrast 末, 朱.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(b/p)ul (“root; stump; tree”) (STEDT). Cognate with Mizo bul (“cause; beginning; root; stump”), Jingpho phun (“tree; bush; stalk; wood”), Garo bol (“tree”), Burmese ပင် (pang, “tree, plant”) and Burmese ပင်ရင်း (pang-rang:, “source, origin, basic”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
本
- (of plants) root; stem
- 為君子擇蔥薤，則絕其本末。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Wèi jūnzǐ zé cōng xiè, zé jué qí běnmò. [Pinyin]
- In selecting an onion or scallion for a gentleman, they cut off both the root and top.
为君子择葱薤，则绝其本末。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 枝大於本，脛大於股，不折必披。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zhī dà yú běn, jìng dà yú gǔ, bù zhé bì pī. [Pinyin]
- When the branch is larger than the stem, or the shin is larger than the thigh, if it does not fall off, it will surely crack.
枝大于本，胫大于股，不折必披。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- source; origin; root
- 努力工作是成功之本。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
- Nǔlì gōngzuò shì chénggōng zhī běn. [Pinyin]
- Hard work is the ultimate source of success.
- foundation; basis
- 謙遜是美德之本。／谦逊是美德之本。 ― Qiānxùn shì měidé zhī běn. ― Humility is the foundation of all virtue.
- 君子務本，本立而道生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE
- Jūnzǐ wù běn, běn lì ér dào shēng. [Pinyin]
- The noble man strives for the foundational; once the foundations are established, the Way is born.
君子务本，本立而道生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- edition; version; copy
- 標點本／标点本 ― biāodiǎn běn ― punctuated edition
- 宋本 ― sòng běn ― Song-era edition
- originally; initially
- 我本天上鳥，常留五彩雲。今宵風雨惡，誤落野鳥群。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]
- From: 《與訪客詰拒》 by Kim Byeong'yeon (金炳淵), 1800s
- A bon cheonsang jo, sang nyu osaeg un. Geumso pung'u ak, orak yajo gun. [Sino-Korean]
- I am originally a bird of the heavens, always staying amid the five-hued clouds. Tonight the rain and gusts were harsh, and I slipped and fell into this flock of wild birds.
- current; present
- 本年 ― běnnián ― current year
- 本財政年度的全部投資預算已用完。 [MSC, trad.]
- Běn cáizhèng nián dù de quánbù tóuzī yùsuàn yǐ yòngwán. [Pinyin]
- We have already used up our total investment budget for the current fiscal year.
本财政年度的全部投资预算已用完。 [MSC, simp.]
- this; here; this very
- 本人 ― běnrén ― I [lit. this person]
- 戲精本精／戏精本精 ― xìjīng běn jīng ― drama queen him/herself
- 本函下面所示系Y先生的簽名。 [MSC, trad.]
- Běn hán xiàmiàn suǒ shì xì Y xiānshēng de qiānmíng. [Pinyin]
- You will find the signature of Mr. Y. at the foot hereof.
本函下面所示系Y先生的签名。 [MSC, simp.]
- capital; principal (money used in investment)
- Classifier for books, periodicals, files. ⇒ all nouns using this classifier
- 一本書／一本书 ― yī běn shū ― a book
- 一本雜誌／一本杂志 ― yī běn zázhì ― a magazine
- 一本冊／一本册 [Hokkien] ― chi̍t pún chheh [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― a book
- volume
- (Korean Classical Chinese) ancestral seat of a descent group
Synonyms
- (classifier for books): (Jinjiang and Yongchun Hokkien) 卷 (kńg)
Antonyms
- 末
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (本):
- → Japanese: 本 (hon)
- → Okinawan: 本 (fun)
- → Korean: 본(本) (bon)
- → Vietnamese: bổn (本), bản (本)
Others:
- → Thai: พื้น (pʉ́ʉn, “foundation, floor”)
- → Vietnamese: vốn
Compounds
Derived terms from 本
|
|
|
Further reading
- “Entry #1664”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
本
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: ほん (hon, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ほん (hon, Jōyō)
- Kun: もと (moto, 本, Jōyō)
- Nanori: なり (nari); はじめ (hajime); もと (moto)
Compounds
Derived terms
- 本物 (honmono)
- 本当 (hontō)
- 本意 (hon'i)
- 本島 (hontō)
- 本家 (honke)
- 本懐 (honkai)
- 本格 (honkaku)
- 本官 (honkan)
- 本願 (hongan)
- 本義 (hongi)
- 本業 (hongyō)
- 本源 (hongen)
- 本旨 (honshi)
- 本地 (honji)
- 本地垂迹 (honjisuijaku)
- 本州 (Honshū)
- 本性 (honshō)
- 本心 (honshin)
- 本籍 (honseki)
- 本草 (honzō)
- 本草学 (honzōgaku)
- 本草綱目 (Honzō Kōmoku)
- 本体 (hontai)
- 本態 (hontai)
- 本朝 (honchō)
- 本土 (hondo)
- 本能 (honnō)
- 本分 (honbun)
- 本邦 (honpō)
- 本末 (honmatsu)
- 本務 (honmu)
- 本命 (honmei)
- 本望 (honmō)
- 本屋 (hon'ya, “bookstore”)
- 本来 (honrai)
- 本領 (honryō)
- 本論 (honron)
- 本日 (honjitsu, “today”)
- 日本 (Nihon)
- 日本 (Nippon)
- 日本人 (Nihonjin)
- 日本人 (Nipponjin)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 本 |
| もと Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) ほん [hóꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [hõ̞ɴ]
Counter
本 • (-moto)
- blades of grass and tree trunks
- falcons
Noun
本 • (moto) (counter 個)
- Alternative form of 元
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 本 |
| ほん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
Counter
本 • (-hon)
- long cylindrical things such as glasses of drink, pairs of jeans, pens or trains and buses
- films or TV shows
- home runs or goals
- rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo
See also
| Japanese number-counter combinations for 本 (hon) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 一本 (ippon) | 二本 (nihon) | 三本 (sanbon) | 四本 (yonhon) | 五本 (gohon) |
| 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 六本 (roppon) | 七本 (nanahon) 七本 (shichihon) | 八本 (happon) 八本 (hachihon) | 九本 (kyūhon) | 十本 (juppon) 十本 (jippon) |
| 100 | 1,000 | 10,000 | How many? | |
| 百本 (hyappon) | 千本 (senbon) | 一万本 (ichimanbon) | 何本 (nanbon) 何本 (nanhon) 何本 (nanpon) | |
Noun
本 • (hon) (counter 冊)
- a book
- a script; a scenario
- source; origin; root
Prefix
本 • (hon-)
- current, this, the matter in question
- 本大会 ― hontaikai ― this event; today’s competition
- original, actual, base
- 本山葵 ― honwasabi ― real wasabi (as opposed to horseradish or other substitutes)
- 本大臣 ― hondaijin ― the cabinet member (on whose behalf a proxy speaks)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 本 (MC puənX). Recorded as Middle Korean 본 (pwon) (Yale: pwon) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
Hanja
Wikisource本 (eumhun 근본 본 (geunbon bon))
- Hanja form? of 본 (“root; basis; foundation; stem”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“source; origin”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“main; primary; principal”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“mind; nature; essence; true self”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“ancestor; fatherland; hometown”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“counter for books; book; publication”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“model; version”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“this; this very”).
- Hanja form? of 본 (“(finance) principal”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 본격 (本格, bon'gyeok, “authenticity; genuineness”)
- 본격적 (本格的, bon'gyeokjeok, “earnest; real; genuine”)
- 본관 (本貫, bon'gwan, “family clan”)
- 본능 (本能, bonneung, “instinct”)
- 본래 (本來, bollae, “origin; originally”)
- 본루 (本壘, bollu)
- 본말 (本末, bonmal, “the fundamental and the incidental”)
- 본말전도 (本末顚倒, bonmaljeondo, “put the cart before the horse”)
- 본명 (本命, bonmyeong, “heavenly stem and earthly branch of one's birth year”)
- 본문 (本文, bonmun, “text; passage; the body of a book”)
- 본부 (本部, bonbu, “headquarters”)
- 본분 (本分, bonbun, “one's bounden duty”)
- 본사 (本社, bonsa, “headquarters; head office”)
- 본선 (本線, bonseon, “main line”)
- 본성 (本性, bonseong, “human nature; one's true colour”)
- 본심 (本心, bonsim, “real intention; true feelings”)
- 본원 (本源, bonwon, “origin; source”)
- 본위 (本位, bonwi, “monetary standard”)
- 본인 (本人, bonin)
- 본자 (本字, bonja, “original character”)
- 본전 (本錢, bonjeon, “capital; funds”)
- 본점 (本店, bonjeom, “flagship shop”)
- 본조 (本朝, bonjo, “present dynasty”)
- 본주 (本主, bonju, “original proprietor; owner”)
- 본질 (本質, bonjil, “essence”)
- 본체 (本體, bonche, “main body”)
- 본토 (本土, bonto, “mainland”)
- 각본 (脚本, gakbon, “scenario; screenplay; script”)
- 견본 (見本, gyeonbon)
- 근본 (根本, geunbon, “root; basis”)
- 기본 (基本, gibon, “basis”)
- 독본 (讀本, dokbon, “reader”)
- 부본 (副本, bubon, “copy; duplicate”)
- 사본 (寫本, sabon, “copy”)
- 원본 (原本, wonbon, “original copy”)
- 일본 (日本, Ilbon, “Japan”)
- 자본 (資本, jabon)
- 자본주의 (資本主義, jabonjuui, “capitalism”)
- 장본 (帳本, jangbon, “account book”)
- 초본 (草本, chobon)
- 표본 (標本, pyobon, “specimen”)
- 본고사 (本考査, bon'gosa, “university admission exam”)
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.
Okinawan
Kanji
本
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- On: ふん (fun)
- Kun: むとぅ (mutu, 本); むーとぅ (mūtu, 本)
Compounds
- 手本 (tifun)
- 本人 (funnin)
- 本分 (funbun)
- 本当 (funtō)
- 本手 (funti)
- 本調子 (funchōshi)
- 見本 (mifun)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 本 |
| むとぅ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Noun
本 (counter 個, hiragana むとぅ, rōmaji mutu)
- Alternative form of 元
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 本 |
| ふん Grade: 1 |
| on’yomi |
Counter
本 (hiragana ふん, rōmaji -fun)
- long cylindrical things such as glasses of drink, pairs of jeans, pens or trains and buses
- くぬ二本ぉ芯ぬ折りやっさん。
- Kunu nifunō shin-nu wūriyassan.
- The lead in these 2 is easy to break.
- くぬ二本ぉ芯ぬ折りやっさん。
- films or TV shows
- home runs or goals
- rounds of a match in boxing, wrestling or judo
Vietnamese
Han character
本: Hán Việt readings: bổn (
本: Nôm readings: vốn[1][2][5][6][3][4][7], bộn[1][5][6][3][4][7], bổn[2][5][3][7], bủn[6][3][4][7], bốn[1][2][5], vỏn[5][6][3], bỏn[5][4][7], bản[1][2], vón[1], bọn[4]
- chữ Hán form of bản (“basis; origin”).
- chữ Hán form of bổn (“basis; origin”).
- Nôm form of bốn (“four”).
- Nôm form of vón (“to clot”).
- Nôm form of vốn (“capital; bond; fund”).
Compounds
Compounds
- 本質 (bản chất)
- 本地 (bản địa)
- 本語 (bản ngữ)
- 本色 (bản sắc)
- 本身 (bản thân)
- 本性 (bản tính)
- 本朝 (bản triều)
- 本處 (bản xứ)
- 基本 (cơ bản)
- 日本 (Nhật Bản)
- 資本 (tư bản)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Trần (2004).
- Hồ (1976).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).