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单词 春秋
释义

春秋

Chinese

 
spring (time); gay; joyful
spring (time); gay; joyful; youthful; love; lust; life
 
autumn; fall; harvest time
autumn; fall; harvest time; a swing
trad. (春秋)春秋
simp. #(春秋)春秋

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūnqiū
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): ceon1 cau1
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhûn-chhiû
  • Min Dong (BUC): chŭng-chiŭ
  • Min Nan (POJ): chhun-chhiu
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: chūnqiū
      • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: chunciou
      • Wade–Giles: chʻun1-chʻiu1
      • Yale: chwūn-chyōu
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenchiou
      • Palladius: чуньцю (čunʹcju)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰwən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰjoʊ̯⁵⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: chūnqiūr
      • Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄣ ㄑㄧㄡㄦ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: chunciour
      • Wade–Giles: chʻun1-chʻiurh1
      • Yale: chwūn-chyōur
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuenchioul
      • Palladius: чуньцюр (čunʹcjur)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰwən⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰjɤʊ̯ɻʷ⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: ceon1 cau1
      • Yale: chēun chāu
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen1 tsau1
      • Guangdong Romanization: cên1 ceo1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ʃʰɵn⁵⁵ t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhûn-chhiû
      • Hakka Romanization System: cun´ qiu´
      • Hagfa Pinyim: cun1 qiu1
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡ɕʰi̯u²⁴/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chŭng-chiŭ
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵ (t͡sʰ-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhun-chhiu
      • Tâi-lô: tshun-tshiu
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zhunchiw
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰun³³ t͡ɕʰiu³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiu⁴⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰiuɪn  t͡sʰɨu/
Rime
Character春秋
Reading #1/11/1
Initial (聲)昌 (24)清 (14)
Final (韻)諄 (47)尤 (136)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)ClosedOpen
Division (等)IIIIII
Fanqie昌脣切七由切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡ɕʰiuɪn//t͡sʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡ɕʰʷin//t͡sʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡ɕʰjuen//t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/cʰwin//t͡sʰuw/
Li
Rong		/t͡ɕʰiuĕn//t͡sʰiu/
Wang
Li		/t͡ɕʰĭuĕn//t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡ɕʰi̯uĕn//t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		chūnqiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		ceon1cau1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰun  tsʰiw/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjun  sʰɯw/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character春秋
Reading #1/11/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		chūnqiū
Middle
Chinese		‹ tsyhwin ›‹ tshjuw ›
Old
Chinese		/*tʰun//*tsʰiw/
Englishspringtimeautumn; crop

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character春秋
Reading #1/11/1
No.1257310537
Phonetic
component		屯秋
Rime
group		文幽
Rime
subdivision		22
Corresponding
MC rime		春秋
Old
Chinese		/*tʰjun//*sʰɯw/
Notes說文從艸從日屯聲，
實屯繁化轉註字

Noun

春秋

  1. (literally) spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) the four seasons
  3. (figurative) a year's time; year
  4. (figurative) person's age
    春秋鼎盛  ―  chūnqiū dǐngshèng  ―  in the prime of one's life
  5. (figurative) time (as a general concept)
  6. (figurative) annal; chronicle of events by year

Derived terms

  • 富春秋
  • 春秋日高
  • 春秋榜
  • 春秋鼎盛 (chūnqiūdǐngshèng)
  • 蟪蛄不知春秋
  • 春秋幾何／春秋几何
  • 楚漢春秋／楚汉春秋
  • 皮裡春秋／皮里春秋

Proper noun

春秋

  1. the Spring and Autumn Annals (the chronicle of the state of Lu)
  2. the Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC)

Synonyms

  • (Spring and Autumn Annals): 麟經／麟经 (Línjīng), 麟史 (Línshǐ)

Derived terms

  • 春秋五霸
  • 晏子春秋 (Yànzǐ Chūnqiū)
  • 呂氏春秋／吕氏春秋 (Lǚshìchūnqiū)
  • 春秋三傳／春秋三传 (Chūnqiū Sānzhuàn)
  • 春秋大一統／春秋大一统
  • 春秋大夢／春秋大梦 (chūnqiūdàmèng)
  • 春秋大義／春秋大义
  • 春秋時代／春秋时代 (Chūnqiū Shídài)
  • 春秋筆削／春秋笔削
  • 春秋筆法／春秋笔法 ( Chūnqiū bǐfǎ)

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
NameTime periodDivisions
Xia
夏 (～朝, ～代)		2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang
商 (～朝, ～代)
殷 (～朝, ～代)		1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou
周 (～朝, ～代)		1046 – 256 BCEWestern Zhou
西周
Eastern Zhou
東周／东周		Spring and Autumn period
春秋
Warring States period
戰國／战国
Qin
秦 (～朝, ～代)		221 – 206 BCE
Han
漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)		206 BCE – 220 C.E.Western Han
西漢／西汉
Xin
新 (～朝)
Eastern Han
東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms
三國／三国		220 – 280 C.E.Wei
魏
Shu Han
蜀漢／蜀汉
Wu
吳／吴
Jin
晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)		265 – 420 C.E.Western Jin
西晉／西晋
Eastern Jin
東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties
南北朝		420 – 589 C.E.Northern dynasties
北朝		Northern Wei
北魏
Western Wei
西魏
Eastern Wei
東魏／东魏
Northern Zhou
北周
Northern Qi
北齊／北齐
Southern dynasties
南朝		Liu Song
劉宋／刘宋
Southern Qi
南齊／南齐
Liang
梁 (～朝, ～代)
Chen
陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui
隋 (～朝, ～代)		581 – 618 C.E.
Tang
唐 (～朝, ～代)		618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
五代十國／五代十国		907 – 960 C.E.
Liao
遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)		907 – 1125 C.E.
Song
宋 (～朝, ～代)		960 – 1279 C.E.Northern Song
北宋
Southern Song
南宋
Western Xia
西夏		1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin
金 (～朝, ～代)		1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao
西遼／西辽		1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan
元 (～朝, ～代)		1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming
明 (～朝, ～代)		1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing
清 (～朝, ～代)		1636 – 1912 C.E.
Republic of China
民國／民国		1912 C.E. – present
People's Republic of China
人民共和國／人民共和国		1949 C.E. – present

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (春秋):
  • → Japanese: 春秋(しゅんじゅう) (shunjū)
  • → Korean: 춘추(春秋) (chunchu)
  • → Vietnamese: Xuân Thu (春秋)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
春秋
しゅん
Grade: 2		しゅう > じゅう
Grade: 2
kan’on

From Middle Chinese compound 春秋 (MC t͡ɕʰiuɪn t͡sʰɨu, literally “spring and autumn”). The kan'on, so probably a shift in reading after initial borrowing.

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) しゅんじゅう [shùńjúú] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
  • (Tokyo) しゅ​んじゅう [shúꜜǹjùù] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ɕɨ̃ᵝn(d͡)ʑɨᵝː]

Noun

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (shunjū) 

  1. spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age

Proper noun

春(しゅん)秋(じゅう) • (Shunjū) 

  1. the Spring and Autumn Annals

See also

  • 五(ご)経(きょう) (Gokyō, “the Five Classics of Chinese literature”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
春秋
はる
Grade: 2		あき
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 春 (haru, “spring”) +‎ 秋 (aki, “autumn”).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) は​るあき [háꜜrùàkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1][2]
  • IPA(key): [ha̠ɾɯ̟ᵝa̠kʲi]

Noun

春(はる)秋(あき) • (haruaki) 

  1. spring and autumn
  2. (metonymically) a year; (by extension) one's age
    • 1212, Kamo no Chōmei, Hōjōki (The Ten-Foot Square Hut)
      四(よん)十(じゅう)あまりの春(はる)秋(あき)をおくれる間(あいだ)に
      yonjū amari no haruaki o okureru aida ni
      during the course of living some forty-odd years

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Vietnamese

Hán tự in this term
春秋

Proper noun

春秋

  1. chữ Hán form of Xuân Thu.
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