旦

See also: 𣄼 and 且

旦	U+65E6, 旦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65E6

← 日
[U+65E5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

旧 →
[U+65E7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

旦 (Kangxi radical 72, 日+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 日一 (AM), four-corner 6010₀, composition ⿱日一)

Derived characters

但呾坦妲怛担泹狚㫜柦炟𥘵胆𥅃𥑲袒䋎𦤾䖧觛詚䞡鉭 (钽) 靼䱇𠿲䵣
𠛣𠡎𬇀鴠㝵昜量鼂鼌亘查昼疍笪亶暨曁䦔㡺疸𥟟𧩙 (䜥)

References

KangXi: page 489, character 3

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13734

Dae Jaweon: page 850, character 1

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1483, character 1

Unihan data for U+65E6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旦
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (旦) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
皽	tjaʀ, tanʔ, *tjanʔ
担	*taːnʔ
胆	daːn, daːn
疸	taːnʔ, taːns
觛	taːnʔ, taːns, *daːnʔ
亶	*taːnʔ
嬗	taːnʔ, tʰaːn, *djans
笪	taːnʔ, taːns, *taːd
狚	taːnʔ, taːns, *taːd
旦	*taːns
鴠	*taːns
譠	tʰaːn, rteːn
坦	*tʰaːnʔ
但	daːn, daːnʔ, *daːns
檀	*daːn
壇	*daːn
儃	daːn, djan
驙	daːn, tan
袒	daːnʔ, rdeːns
襢	daːnʔ, tanʔ, *tans
繵	*daːnʔ
膻	*daːnʔ
澶	daːns, djan
邅	tan, danʔ, *dans
鱣	*tan
饘	tjan, tjanʔ
旜	*tjan
氈	*tjan
鸇	*tjan
顫	*tjans
蟺	*djanʔ
擅	*djans
羶	*hljan
呾	taːd, ʔraːd
怛	*taːd
妲	*taːd
靼	taːd, tjad
炟	*taːd

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 日 + 一 – the sun (日) appearing over the horizon (一).

Etymology 1

Cognate with Chepang दारःदो (darʔ.do, “place of sunrise; in east”) (Schuessler, 2007). Unrelated to 丹 (OC *taːn, “cinnabar; red”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): daan³
(Taishan, Wiktionary): an¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): tan
(Meixian, Guangdong): dan⁴
Min Dong (BUC): dáng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tàn
(Teochew, Peng'im): dang³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
  - Wade–Giles: tan⁴
  - Yale: dàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
  - Palladius: дань (danʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: daan³
  - Yale: daan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daan³
  - Guangdong Romanization: dan³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn³³/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: an¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /an³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tan
  - Hakka Romanization System: dan
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tan⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dan⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /tan⁵³/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàn
  - Tâi-lô: tàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: daxn
  - IPA (Taipei): /tan¹¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tan²¹/

Note: tàn - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ²¹³/

Middle Chinese: /tɑn^H/

Rime
Character	旦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	寒 (61)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	得按切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/tɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/tɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tan^H/
Li Rong	/tɑn^H/
Wang Li	/tɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/tɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daan³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤan-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*taːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dàn
Middle Chinese	‹ tan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*tˁan-s/
English	dawn
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旦
Reading #	1/1
No.	2051
Phonetic component	旦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	旦
Old Chinese	/*taːns/

Definitions

旦

(literary) early morning; dawn
通宵達旦／通宵达旦 ― tōngxiāodádàn ― all the night until dawn
(literary) day
旦旦 ― dàndàn ― every day
first day of a lunar month

Compounds

一旦 (yīdàn)
信誓旦旦 (xìnshìdàndàn)
元旦 (yuándàn)
危在旦夕 (wēizàidànxī)
吉旦
命在旦夕
坐以待旦
坐而待旦
城旦
巴旦杏 (bādànxìng)
平旦
待旦
戒旦
撒旦 (Sādàn)
文旦 (wéndàn)
旦夕 (dànxī)
旦夕之危
旦日 (dànrì)
旦旦 (dàndàn)

旦旦信誓 (dàndànxìnshì)
旦旦而伐
旦明 (dànmíng)
旦晚
旦暮
旦暮朝夕
旦望
旭旦
明旦 (míngdàn)
昧旦 (mèidàn)
月旦
枕戈待旦 (zhěngēdàidàn)
汝南月旦
申旦
考旦
震旦 (Zhèndàn)
震旦方向
五旦七調／五旦七调
只爭旦夕／只争旦夕

復旦／复旦 (fùdàn)
旦夕之費／旦夕之费
旦夕禍福／旦夕祸福
旦晝／旦昼
旦會／旦会
昧旦晨興／昧旦晨兴
月旦評／月旦评 (yuèdànpíng)
毀於一旦／毁于一旦 (huǐyúyīdàn)
申旦達夕／申旦达夕
禍在旦夕／祸在旦夕
秉燭達旦／秉烛达旦
穀旦／谷旦
約旦／约旦 (Yuēdàn)
約旦河／约旦河 (Yuēdànhé)
詰旦／诘旦
通宵達旦／通宵达旦 (tōngxiāodádàn)
達旦／达旦 (dádàn)
鶡旦／鹖旦 (hédàn)

Etymology 2

A post-classical word. (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dàn (dan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄉㄢˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): daan^3-2
(Taishan, Wiktionary): an^1*
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): tòaⁿ
(Teochew, Peng'im): duan³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dàn
  - Wade–Giles: tan⁴
  - Yale: dàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dann
  - Palladius: дань (danʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tän⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dànr
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄢˋㄦ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dànr
  - Wade–Giles: tanrh⁴
  - Yale: dànr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dall
  - Palladius: даnр (danr)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tɑɻ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: daan^3-2
  - Yale: dáan
  - Cantonese Pinyin: daan^3-2
  - Guangdong Romanization: dan^3-2
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːn³³⁻³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: an^1*
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /an³³⁻³³⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tòaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: tuànn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dvoax
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /tuã⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /tuã¹¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tuã²¹/

Note: tòaⁿ - vernacular.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: duan³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tuàⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tũã²¹³/

Definitions

旦

(Chinese opera) female character, particularly a lead role, in a traditional Chinese opera
(Chinese opera) actor or actress known for playing such characters

Related terms

生 (shēng, “male role”)
淨／净 (jìng, “painted-face role”)
丑 (chǒu, “clown role”)

Compounds

丑旦
刺旦
副旦
卜旦
坤旦
外旦
大旦
小旦
彩旦 (cǎidàn)
悲旦
捧茶旦
搽旦
旦色
旦角 (dànjué)
正旦 (zhèngdàn)
武旦 (wǔdàn)

浪旦
玩笑旦
禾旦
老旦
色旦
花旦 (huādàn)
苦旦
阿旦
青衣旦 (qīngyīdàn)
魂旦
摇旦
旦脚
乾旦／干旦 (qiándàn)
優旦／优旦
刀馬旦／刀马旦 (dāomǎdàn)

刺殺旦／刺杀旦
妝旦／妆旦
戲旦／戏旦
旦倈／旦俫
旦兒／旦儿
烏衫旦／乌衫旦
生旦淨丑／生旦净丑
當家花旦／当家花旦 (dāngjiāhuādàn)
粧旦色／妆旦色
細旦／细旦
藝旦／艺旦 (yìdàn)
裝旦／装旦
貼旦／贴旦
閨門旦／闺门旦
鬧小旦／闹小旦

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 旦 – see 蛋 (“egg; egg-shaped object; etc.”). (This character, 旦, is the second-round simplified form of 蛋.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 旦 – see 詹 (“verbose; garrulous; to talk too much; to be verbose; etc.”). (This character, 旦, is the second-round simplified form of 詹.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Japanese

Kanji

旦

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

morning
dawn

Readings

Go-on: たん (tan, Jōyō); だん (dan, Jōyō)
Kan-on: たん (tan, Jōyō)
Kun: あした (ashita, 旦)
Nanori: あき (aki); あきら (akira); あけ (ake); あさ (asa); ただし (tadashi)

Compounds

旦(たん)夕(せき) (tanseki): sooner or later; imminent
元(がん)旦(たん) (gantan): New Year's Day

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旦 (MC tɑn^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 단〯 (tǎn) (Yale: tan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource旦 (eumhun 아침 단 (achim dan))

Hanja form^? of 단 (“early morning; dawn”).

Compounds

일단 (一旦, ildan)
단석 (旦夕, danseok)
단명 (旦明, danmyeong)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

旦: Hán Nôm readings: đán, đắn, đến

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.