敬
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Translingual
Han character
敬 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))
Derived characters
- 警, 驚, 擎, 憼, 擏, 儆, 㯳, 璥, 曔, 檠, 蟼, 㢣, 䜘, 𠧂, 𢢩, 𤀂, 𫱻, 𢐧, 𩼃, 𫄿
References
- KangXi: page 473, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
- Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1466, character 2
- Unihan data for U+656C
- Unihan data for U+2F8C9
Chinese
trad. | 敬 | |
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simp. # | 敬 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 敬 | |||
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Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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蟼 | *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ |
憼 | *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ |
驚 | *kreŋ |
警 | *kreŋʔ |
儆 | *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs |
璥 | *keŋʔ |
檠 | *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs |
敬 | *kreŋs |
擎 | *ɡreŋ |
曔 | *ɡreŋs |
Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 茍 + 攵, the left component represents a sitting dog, the right component represents authority.
Etymology
Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.
Pronunciation
Definitions
敬
- to respect; to honor
- to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)
- (literary, or in compounds) to concentrate completely on; to devote oneself to; to focus all of one's attention on
- (literary, or in compounds) respectful; deferential
- a surname
Synonyms
- (to respect):
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- (to concentrate completely on):
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- (respectful):
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Antonyms
- (to respect): 鄙 (bǐ)
Compounds
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Descendants
- → Zhuang: gingq
References
- “敬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #9524”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)
Readings
- Go-on: きょう (kyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Kun: うやまう (uyamau, 敬う, Jōyō)
- Nanori: け (ke); たか (taka); たかし (takashi); たけ (take); とし (toshi); のり (nori); ひろ (hiro); ゆき (yuki); よし (yoshi)
Compounds
- 敬愛 (keiai): respect and affection
- 敬畏 (keii): reverence, holding in awe, fear
- 敬意 (keii): respect
- 敬遠 (keien): keeping at a distance
- 敬具 (keigu): a respectful closing statement
- 敬虔 (keiken): pious
- 敬語 (keigo): honorifics
- 敬神 (keishin): piety
- 敬称 (keishō): title of honor
- 敬体 (keitai): distal style
- 敬白 (keihaku): Yours Sincerely
- 敬服 (keifuku): admiration
- 敬慕 (keibo): love and respect
- 敬礼 (keirei): salute, bow
- 敬老 (keirō): respect for elders
- 敬譲語 (keijōgo): polite speech
- 敬天愛人 (keiten aijin): "Revere heaven, love people."
- 失敬 (shikkei): rude
- 尊敬 (sonkei): respect
Archaic
- 敬啓 (keikei): salutation at end of formal letter
- 敬呈 (keitei): salutation in a formal letter
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
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敬 |
けい Grade: 6 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjængH, “respectful”).
Pronunciation
- On’yomi: Kan’on
- IPA(key): [ke̞ː]
Affix
敬 • (kei)
- respect, honor, reverence
Usage notes
Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.
Derived terms
- 敬する (kei suru): to respect, to esteem
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
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敬 |
うやまい Grade: 6 |
kun’yomi |
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).[1][2]
Alternative forms
- 敬い (uyamai)
Pronunciation
- Kun’yomi
- IPA(key): [ɯ̟ᵝja̠ma̠i]
Noun
敬 • (uyamai)
- respect, esteem
Usage notes
More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.
Etymology 3
Used as ateji in various names.
Proper noun
敬 • (Takashi)
- a male given name
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
敬 (eumhun 공경할 경 (gonggyeonghal gyeong))
- Hanja form? of 경 (“respect, honor”).
- Hanja form? of 경 (“respectfully”).
Vietnamese
Han character
敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (
敬: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]
- chữ Hán form of kính (“to respect”).
Compounds
- 恭敬 (cung kính)
- 敬重 (kính trọng)
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).