改良

改良

Chinese

		to change; to alter; to transform to change; to alter; to transform; to correct	good; very; very much
simp. and trad. (改良)		改	良

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): gǎiliáng

  (Zhuyin): ㄍㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): goi² loeng⁴
• Min Nan (POJ): kái-liông / kái-liâng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: gǎiliáng
    • Zhuyin: ㄍㄞˇ ㄌㄧㄤˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaeliang
    • IPA ^(key): /kaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹¹ li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: goi² loeng⁴
    • Yale: gói lèuhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goi² loeng⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: goi² lêng⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kɔːy̯³⁵ lœ̽ːŋ²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, mainstream Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-liông
    • Tâi-lô: kái-liông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaylioong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kaɪ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaɪ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liɔŋ²³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kaɪ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔŋ²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-liâng
    • Tâi-lô: kái-liâng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kayliaang
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kaɪ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ²³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kaɪ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kaɪ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liaŋ¹³/

Verb

改良

1. to improve; to refine; to upgrade; to reform

Noun

改良

1. improvement; refinement; upgrade; reform

Derived terms

遺傳改良／遗传改良 (yíchuán gǎiliáng)

---

Japanese

Kanji in this term
改	良
かい Grade: 4	りょう Grade: 4
on’yomi

Noun

改良 (hiragana かいりょう, rōmaji kairyō)

1. amelioration, improvement, betterment

Antonyms

• 改悪 (かいあく) (kaiaku, “deterioration”)

Related terms

• 好 (こう)転 (てん) (kōten) (state of becoming better)

Verb

改良する (transitive, hiragana かいりょうする, rōmaji kairyō suru)

1. ameliorate, improve, better, upgrade

   農 (のう)地 (ち)を改良 (かいりょう)する

   nōchi o kairyō suru

   improve agricultural land

Conjugation

Conjugation of "改良する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	改良し	かいりょうし	kairyō shi
Continuative (連用形)	改良し	かいりょうし	kairyō shi
Terminal (終止形)	改良する	かいりょうする	kairyō suru
Attributive (連体形)	改良する	かいりょうする	kairyō suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)	改良すれ	かいりょうすれ	kairyō sure
Imperative (命令形)	改良せよ¹ 改良しろ²	かいりょうせよ¹ かいりょうしろ²	kairyō seyo¹ kairyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	改良される	かいりょうされる	kairyō sareru
Causative	改良させる 改良さす	かいりょうさせる かいりょうさす	kairyō saseru kairyō sasu
Potential	改良できる	かいりょうできる	kairyō dekiru
Volitional	改良しよう	かいりょうしよう	kairyō shiyō
Negative	改良しない	かいりょうしない	kairyō shinai
Negative continuative	改良せず	かいりょうせず	kairyō sezu
Formal	改良します	かいりょうします	kairyō shimasu
Perfective	改良した	かいりょうした	kairyō shita
Conjunctive	改良して	かいりょうして	kairyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	改良すれば	かいりょうすれば	kairyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

---

Korean

Hanja in this term
改	良

Noun

改良 • (gaeryang) (hangeul 개량)

1. Hanja form^? of 개량 (“improvement”).