掐

掐

掐 U+6390, 掐 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6390 ← 掏 [U+638F] CJK Unified Ideographs 掑 → [U+6391]

Translingual

Han character

掐 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 手弓竹X (QNHX), four-corner 5707₇, composition ⿰扌臽)

1. hold
2. gather with hand
3. choke

References

• KangXi: page 437, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12253
• Dae Jaweon: page 787, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1902, character 7
• Unihan data for U+6390

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		掐

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 掐
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (臽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
萏	*l'oːmʔ
窞	*l'oːmʔ
惂	*kʰloːmʔ
輡	*kʰloːmʔ
錎	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
埳	*kʰloːmʔ
臽	*kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms
淊	*ɡloːmʔ, *qroːm, *qroːms, *lomʔ
欿	*ɡloːmʔ
蜭	*ɡloːmʔ, *ɡluːms
啗	*l'aːmʔ, *l'aːms
鵮	*ʔr'oːm, *kʰroːm, *kʰroːms
餡	*ɡroːms
陷	*ɡroːms
爓	*ljom, *loms
諂	*l̥ʰomʔ
讇	*l̥ʰomʔ
閻	*lom
焰	*loms
壛	*lom
櫩	*lom
燄	*lomʔ
掐	*kʰroːb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *kʰroːb) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 臽 (OC *kʰloːmʔ, *ɡroːms).

It may alternatively be interpreted as an ideogrammic compound (會意) : 手 (“hand”) + 臽 (“hole”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiā (qia¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): haap³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khang
• Min Nan (POJ): khiap / khap

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiā
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cia
    • Wade–Giles: chʻia¹
    • Yale: chyā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chia
    • Palladius: ця (cja)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰjä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: haap³
    • Yale: haap
    • Cantonese Pinyin: haap⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: hab³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /haːp̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khang
    • Hakka Romanization System: kang
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kang⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /kʰaŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiap
    • Tâi-lô: khiap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiab
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiap̚³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiap̚⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khap
    • Tâi-lô: khap
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qab
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰap̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰap̚³²/

Note:

• khiap - vernacular;
• khap - literary.

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰˠɛp̚/

Rime
Character	掐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咸 (152)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦洽切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨp̚/
Li Rong	/kʰɐp̚/
Wang Li	/kʰɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haap3

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰroːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	掐
Reading #	1/1
No.	13571
Phonetic component	臽
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	恰
Old Chinese	/*kʰroːb/

Definitions

掐

1. to pinch
2. to strangle
3. to put out (a cigarette)
4. to cut out (a video recording, so it will not be published, usually when shooting a movie or TV program)

Compounds

促掐 半掐 掐住 掐尖子 掐巴

掐指一算 掐算 掐脖子 掄掄掐掐／抡抡掐掐 掐尖兒／掐尖儿

掐尖落鈔／掐尖落钞 掐訣／掐诀 掐頭去尾／掐头去尾 掐鼻皺眉／掐鼻皱眉

Descendants

• → Khmer: កៀប (kiəp) (via Min Nan khiap)

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Japanese

Kanji

掐

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): こう (kō); きょう (kyō)
• Kun: つまむ (tsumamu)

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Vietnamese

Han character

掐: Hán Nôm readings: kháp, khắp

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation