折

See also: 摺

折	U+6298, 折 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6298

← 抗
[U+6297]

CJK Unified Ideographs

抙 →
[U+6299]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

折 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手竹一中 (QHML), four-corner 5202₁, composition ⿰扌斤)

Derived characters

悊

References

KangXi: page 422, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11890
Dae Jaweon: page 770, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1838, character 7
Unihan data for U+6298

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 折
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (折) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
晢	ʔljeds, ʔljed
狾	*ʔljeds
誓	*ɦljeds
逝	*ɦljeds
銴	ɢljeds, ɢʷleds
折	l'eːl, ʔljed, *ɦljed
娎	hleːws, qʰred
哳	*ʔr'eːd
踅	*sɢʷled
哲	*ʔl'ed
蜇	*ʔl'ed
悊	*ʔl'ed
嚞	*ted
喆	*ted
硩	l̥ʰed, l̥ʰeːɡ
浙	*ʔljed
晣	*ʔljed
焎	*hred

Originally 㪿, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : ⿱屮屮 (“a tree 木 cut in half”) + 斤 (“axe”) – an axe cutting a tree in half.

In the current form, the left side has become 扌 (“hand”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		折
alternative forms		㪿𣂚𣂹𣂟𣂲㪿𣂚𣂹𣂟𣂲摺／折

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsjat (“to cut off; to sever; to break”).

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhé (zhe²)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zit³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chak
Min Dong (BUC): ciék / siĕk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chi̍h / chek / chiat
(Teochew, Peng'im): zih⁸ / zih⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhé
  - Wade–Giles: chê²
  - Yale: jé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jer
  - Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zit³
  - Yale: jit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: jid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chak
  - Hakka Romanization System: zag`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: zag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sak̚²/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ciék / siĕk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siɛʔ²⁴/, /sieʔ⁵/

Note:

siĕk - vernacular;
ciék - literary.

Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chi̍h
  - Tâi-lô: tsi̍h
  - Phofsit Daibuun: cih
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡ɕiʔ⁴³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiʔ⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiʔ²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiʔ¹²¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
  - Tâi-lô: tsik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
  - IPA (Singapore): /t͡sek̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat
  - Tâi-lô: tsiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ciad
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɛt̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɛt̚⁵/

Note:

chi̍h, chek - vernacular;
chiat - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zih⁸ / zih⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsi̍h / tsih
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siʔ⁴/, /t͡siʔ²/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕiᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	折
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	仙 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	旨熱切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ciat̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiɛt̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhe
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tet/
(Zhengzhang): /*ʔljed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	折
Reading #	3/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhé
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyet ›
Old Chinese	/*tet/
English	bend; break (v.t.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	折
Reading #	2/3
No.	16947
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	晢
Old Chinese	/*ʔljed/

Definitions

折

to break off; to snap; to pluck off
to bend
to lose
to die (young)
to admire; to be convinced
to trade; to exchange
to censure; to blame
discount
打九折 ― dǎ jiǔ zhé ― ten percent off (or discount to ninety percent of the original price)
difficulty; obstacle
Classifier for folds.
Classifier for theatrical scenes.
(Chinese calligraphy) a change in direction of a stroke (such as in ㇕, ㇉, or ㇜)
a surname

Coordinate terms

(basic character strokes) 點／点, 橫／横, 豎／竖, 提, 捺, 撇, 折, 鉤／钩, 彎／弯, 斜

Compounds

Derived terms from 折

一折
一折一磨
一折八扣
一波三折 (yībōsānzhé)
七折八扣
三折肱
不折不扣 (bùzhébùkòu)
九折臂
五折
剉折
半折
反掌折枝
合折
周折 (zhōuzhé)
夭折 (yāozhé)
屈折 (qūzhé)
心折
心折首肯
打折 (dǎzhé)
打折扣 (dǎ zhékòu)
折中 (zhézhōng)
折倒
折光 (zhéguāng)
折兵 (zhébīng)
折券
折剉
折半 (zhébàn)
折受
折合 (zhéhé)
折回 (zhéhuí)
折子
折射 (zhéshè)
折射角 (zhéshèjiǎo)
折屐
折戟沉沙 (zhéjǐchénshā)
折扇 (zhéshàn)
折扣 (zhékòu)
折抵
折挫
折服 (zhéfú)
折枝
折柬
折柳 (zhéliǔ)
折柳攀花
折桂 (zhéguì)
折桂攀蟾
折椅
折磨 (zhémó)
折福 (zhéfú)
折算
折箭 (zhéjiàn)
折翼
折耗
折肱
折腰 (zhéyāo)
折腰步
折臂三公
折色
折衷 (zhézhōng)
折衷家庭
折身
折辨
折辱
折返 (zhéfǎn)
拈折
拌折
挫折 (cuòzhé)
掂折
揭折

摧折
摧枯折腐
摧眉折腰
攀折
攀花折柳
攀蟾折桂
早名必折
曲折 (qūzhé)
曲曲折折
月中折桂
末大必折
波折 (bōzhé)
白搽白折
百折不回 (bǎizhébùhuí)
百折不挫
短折
磨折
磬折
辨折
逆折
陵折
雁行折翼
霸陵折柳
面折
骨折 (gǔzhé)
鼎折足 (dǐngzhézú)
五斗折腰
准折
折腰五斗
折腰升斗
掊斗折衡
乾折／干折
千迴百折／千回百折
厭難折衝／厌难折冲
大氣折射／大气折射
大費周折／大费周折
宛轉周折／宛转周折
寧折不彎／宁折不弯
將功折罪／将功折罪
將功折過／将功折过
對折／对折 (duìzhé)
屈折語／屈折语 (qūzhéyǔ)
廷爭面折／廷争面折
弓折矢盡／弓折矢尽
弓折箭盡／弓折箭尽
張堪折轅／张堪折辕
扭頭折頸／扭头折颈
投梭折齒／投梭折齿
折傷／折伤
折價／折价 (zhéjià)
折兌／折兑
折壁腳／折壁脚
折壽／折寿 (zhéshòu)
折子戲／折子戏 (zhézixì)
折實／折实 (zhéshí)
折射線／折射线
折對／折对
折帳／折帐
折損／折损
折斷／折断 (zhéduàn)
折檯／折台
折殺／折杀
折獄／折狱
折當／折当
折疊／折叠 (zhédié)
折箭為誓／折箭为誓 (zhéjiànwéishì)
折節／折节
折節下交／折节下交
折節下士／折节下士

折節向學／折节向学
折節待士／折节待士
折節禮士／折节礼士
折簡／折简
折紙／折纸
折線／折线 (zhéxiàn)
折罰／折罚
折舊／折旧 (zhéjiù)
折衝／折冲 (zhéchōng)
折衝厭難／折冲厌难
折衝樽俎／折冲樽俎 (zhéchōngzūnzǔ)
折衝禦侮／折冲御侮
折證／折证
折變／折变
折賣／折卖
折足覆餗／折足覆𫗧
折辯／折辩
折錢／折钱
折長補短／折长补短
折頭／折头 (zhétou)
折鼎覆餗／折鼎覆𫗧
採生折割／采生折割
損兵折將／损兵折将
損將折兵／损将折兵
損折／损折 (sǔnzhé)
損軍折將／损军折将
摧蘭折玉／摧兰折玉
撓折／挠折
撧折／𪮖折
敗兵折將／败兵折将 (bàibīngzhéjiàng)
敗軍折將／败军折将
曲折縈紆／曲折萦纡 (qūzhéyíngyū)
曲折離奇／曲折离奇 (qūzhélíqí)
月墜花折／月坠花折
木強則折／木强则折
朱雲折檻／朱云折槛
東折西繞／东折西绕
棄弓折箭／弃弓折箭
棟折榱崩／栋折榱崩
橫折／横折 (héngzhé)
歷經波折／历经波折
片言折獄／片言折狱
瓶墜簪折／瓶坠簪折
百折不撓／百折不挠 (bǎizhébùnáo)
盤旋曲折／盘旋曲折
破折號／破折号 (pòzhéhào)
簪筆磬折／簪笔磬折
缾沉簪折／瓶沉簪折
群輕折軸／群轻折轴
臨江折軸／临江折轴
蘭摧玉折／兰摧玉折
蘭摧蕙折／兰摧蕙折
虧折／亏折
蟾宮折桂／蟾宫折桂 (chángōngzhéguì)
衝波逆折／冲波逆折
謝安折屐／谢安折屐
豎折／竖折 (shùzhé)
豎折彎鉤／竖折弯钩 (shùzhéwāngōu)
轉折／转折 (zhuǎnzhé)
轉折親／转折亲
轉折點／转折点 (zhuǎnzhédiǎn)
迂迴曲折／迂回曲折 (yūhuíqūzhé)
迴環轉折／回环转折
過折了／过折了
遠打週折／远打周折
離奇曲折／离奇曲折
面折廷爭／面折廷争
鴛鴦折頸／鸳鸯折颈

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhē (zhe¹)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄜ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zit³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhē
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄜ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhe
  - Wade–Giles: chê¹
  - Yale: jē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: je
  - Palladius: чжэ (čžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂɤ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: zit³
  - Yale: jit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: jid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siːt̚³/

Definitions

折

to turn over; to flip
to pour out; to tip something out

Compounds

折碗
折莫

折籮／折箩

折騰／折腾 (zhēteng)

Pronunciation 3

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shé (she²)
(Zhuyin): ㄕㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sit⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shé
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shé
  - Wade–Giles: shê²
  - Yale: shé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sher
  - Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: sit⁶
  - Yale: siht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sit⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: xid⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːt̚²/

Middle Chinese: /d͡ʑiᴇt̚/

Rime
Character	折
Reading #	3/3
Initial (聲)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	仙 (81)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	常列切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʑiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡ʑiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʑjæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡ʑiat̚/
Li Rong	/ʑiɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ʑĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʑi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sit⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-tet/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɦljed/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	折
Reading #	2/3
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shé
Middle Chinese	‹ dzyet ›
Old Chinese	/*N-tet/
English	bend (v.i.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	折
Reading #	3/3
No.	16951
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	折
Old Chinese	/*ɦljed/

Definitions

折

to break
to be at a (financial) loss

Compounds

折本 (shéběn)
折秤 (shéchèng)

掂梢折本
消折

東量西折／东量西折

Pronunciation 4

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tí (ti²)
(Zhuyin): ㄊㄧˊ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tí
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tí
  - Wade–Giles: tʻi²
  - Yale: tí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyi
  - Palladius: ти (ti)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰi³⁵/

Middle Chinese: /dei/

Rime
Character	折
Reading #	1/3
Initial (聲)	定 (7)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	杜奚切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dei/
Pan Wuyun	/dei/
Shao Rongfen	/dɛi/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dɛj/
Li Rong	/dei/
Wang Li	/diei/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱiei/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	tí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	tai⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*l'eːl/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	折
Reading #	1/3
No.	16937
Phonetic component	折
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	嗁
Old Chinese	/*l'eːl/

Definitions

折

Only used in 折折.

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 摺 (“to destroy; to fold; etc.”). (This character, 折, is the simplified form of 摺.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see 翼 (“wing; wing; etc.”). (This character, 折, is a variant form of 翼.)

References

“折”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

折

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

fold

Readings

Go-on: せち (sechi)
Kan-on: せつ (setsu, Jōyō)
Kun: おる (oru, 折る, Jōyō)^{←をる (woru, historical)}; おり (ori, 折, Jōyō); おれる (oreru, 折れる, Jōyō)^{←をれる (woreru, historical)}; くじく (kujiku, 折く)

Compounds

折紙(おりがみ) (origami)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
折
おり Grade: 4
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 折 – see the following entry.

【おり】	[noun] occasion; time [verb] stem or continuative form of おる (oru) [godan] Alternative spellings 折, 折り

(This term, 折, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean

Hanja

折 • (jeol, je) (hangeul 절, 제, revised jeol, je, McCune–Reischauer chŏl, che, Yale cel, cey)

To fold

Vietnamese

Han character

折: Hán Việt readings: chiết (之(chi)列(liệt)切(thiết))[1][2][3], triếp[3], triệp[3]
折: Nôm readings: chết[1][2][3][4][5], giết[1][2][3][4][5], chẹt[2][3][4][5], chiết[1][2][5], chét[1][3], xít[1][4], chệch[3][4], chịt[3][4], nhét[3][4], nhít[3][4], siết[3][4], xiết[3][4], chích[1], chít[3], dít[3], gãy[3], gẩy[3], giẹp[3], quạt[3], trét[3]

Nôm form of chết (“to die”).
Nôm form of giết (“to kill; to murder”).

References

Nguyễn (2014).
Nguyễn et al. (2009).
Trần (2004).
Hồ (1976).
Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] Trần (2004).

[btcn-4] Hồ (1976).

[taberd-5] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).