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单词 慘
释义

慘

See also: 惨
慘 U+6158, 慘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6158
← 慗
[U+6157]		CJK Unified Ideographs慙 →
[U+6159]

Translingual

Han character

慘 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈戈竹 (PIIH), four-corner 93022, composition ⿰忄參)

References

  • KangXi: page 398, character 38
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11094
  • Dae Jaweon: page 738, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2348, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6158

Chinese

trad.慘
simp.惨
alternative forms憯
𢠊
𢡖

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 慘
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (參) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
篸*ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːms
參*sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum
驂*sʰluːm
傪*sʰluːm, *sʰluːmʔ
慘*sʰluːmʔ
黲*sʰluːmʔ, *sʰloːmʔ
謲*sʰluːms
毿*sluːm
蔘*sluːm, *srum
犙*sluːm, *sru, *srɯu
糝*sluːmʔ
槮*sluːmʔ, *sʰrum, *srum, *srumʔ
鬖*sloːm
摻*sruːm, *sruːmʔ
醦*sruːmʔ, *sʰrumʔ
縿*sroːm
穇*sroːm
嵾*sʰrum
磣*sʰrumʔ
墋*sʰrumʔ
曑*srum
瘮*srumʔ
滲*srums

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰluːmʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 參 (OC *sʰluːm, *sʰluːms, *sloːm, *sʰrum, *srum)

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎn (can3)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄢˇ
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): caam2
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): tam2
  • Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhám
  • Min Bei (KCR): chǎng
  • Min Dong (BUC): chāng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): chhám
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cam2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: cǎn
      • Zhuyin: ㄘㄢˇ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: cǎn
      • Wade–Giles: tsʻan3
      • Yale: tsǎn
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaan
      • Palladius: цань (canʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰän²¹⁴/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: caam2
      • Yale: cháam
      • Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam2
      • Guangdong Romanization: cam2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaːm³⁵/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: tam2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /tʰam⁵⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhám
      • Hakka Romanization System: cam`
      • Hagfa Pinyim: cam3
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰam³¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǎng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: chāng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰaŋ³³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhám
      • Tâi-lô: tshám
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zharm
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵⁵⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰam⁵³/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰam⁴¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: cam2
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshám
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰam⁵²/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
慘
MandarinBeijing/t͡sʰan²¹⁴/
Harbin/t͡sʰan⁵³/
Tianjin/t͡sʰan¹³/
Jinan/t͡sʰã⁵⁵/
Qingdao/t͡sʰã⁴²/
Zhengzhou/t͡sʰan²⁴/
Xi'an/t͡sʰã⁵³/
Xining/t͡sʰã⁵³/
Yinchuan/t͡sʰan⁵³/
Lanzhou/t͡sʰɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi/t͡sʰan⁵¹/
Wuhan/t͡sʰan⁴²/
Chengdu/t͡sʰan⁵³/
Guiyang/t͡sʰan⁴²/
Kunming/t͡sʰã̠⁵³/
Nanjing/t͡sʰaŋ²¹²/
Hefei/t͡sʰæ̃²⁴/
JinTaiyuan/t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao/t͡sʰɑŋ⁵³/
Hohhot/t͡sʰæ̃⁵³/
WuShanghai/t͡sʰø³⁵/
Suzhou/t͡sʰø⁵¹/
Hangzhou/t͡sʰẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou/t͡sʰø³⁵/
HuiShexian/t͡sʰɛ³⁵/
Tunxi/t͡sʰɔ³¹/
XiangChangsha/t͡sʰan⁴¹/
Xiangtan/t͡sʰan⁴²/
GanNanchang/t͡sʰan²¹³/
HakkaMeixian/t͡sʰam³¹/
Taoyuan/t͡sʰɑm³¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/t͡sʰam³⁵/
Nanning/t͡sʰam³⁵/
Hong Kong/t͡sʰam³⁵/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/t͡sʰam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/t͡sʰaŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/t͡sʰaŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan)/t͡sʰam⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan)/sam²¹³/
  • Middle Chinese: /t͡sʰʌmX/
Rime
Character慘
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)清 (14)
Final (韻)覃 (159)
Tone (調)Rising (X)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie七感切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/t͡sʰʌmX/
Pan
Wuyun		/t͡sʰəmX/
Shao
Rongfen		/t͡sʰɒmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/t͡sʰəmX/
Li
Rong		/t͡sʰᴀmX/
Wang
Li		/t͡sʰɒmX/
Bernard
Karlgren		/t͡sʰămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		cǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		caam2
  • Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰluːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character慘
Reading #1/1
No.1084
Phonetic
component		參
Rime
group		侵
Rime
subdivision		3
Corresponding
MC rime		慘
Old
Chinese		/*sʰluːmʔ/

Definitions

慘

  1. (literary, or in compounds) cruel; vicious; malicious
  2. (of losses, defeats, etc.) severe; crushing; heavy
  3. miserable; pitiful; wretched
  4. (literary, or in compounds) gloomy; dim; dismal

Synonyms

  • (cruel):
edit
Synonyms of 慘
  • (severe):
edit
Synonyms of 慘
  • (miserable):
edit
Synonyms of 慘
  • (gloomy):
edit
Synonyms of 慘

Compounds

Derived terms from 慘

Japanese

Shinjitai

惨

Kyūjitai

慘

Kanji

慘

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 惨)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

  • Go-on: そん (son)
  • Kan-on: さん (san)
  • Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)
  • Kun: みじめ (mijime, 慘め); いたむ (itamu, 慘む)

Korean

Hanja

慘 • (cham, chim) (hangeul 참, 침, revised cham, chim, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, ch'im, Yale cham, chim)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

慘: Hán Nôm readings: thảm, thom, thỏm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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