尺

尺

See also: 呎 and R

尺 U+5C3A, 尺 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5C3A ← 尹 [U+5C39] CJK Unified Ideographs 尻 → [U+5C3B]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

尺 (Kangxi radical 44, 尸+1, 4 strokes, cangjie input 尸人 (SO), four-corner 7780₇, composition ⿸尸㇏)

Derived characters

• 伬, 呎, 㘮, 𡛄, 鿈, 𢗜, 𣏧, 𬓤, 粎, 蚇, 咫, 𪧆, 𦬨, 𫁶, 庹
• 迟, 尽, 昼 (Simplified form of 遲, 盡, 晝 in mainland China)
• 𡵸, 択, 沢, 𥐮, 䋇, 訳, 釈, 鈬, 駅 (Japanese shinjitai of 嶧, 擇, 澤, 礋, 繹, 譯, 釋, 鐸, 驛)

References

• KangXi: page 299, character 32
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7632
• Dae Jaweon: page 595, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 964, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5C3A

---

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (尺) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
尺	*tʰjaɡ
蚇	*tʰjaɡ

Etymology 1

trad.		尺
simp. #		尺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chǐ, chí (chi³, chi²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔˇ, ㄔˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): cek³
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhak
• Jin (Wiktionary): ceh⁴
• Min Dong (BUC): chióh / chék
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhioh / chhek / chhiak

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cioh⁴ / ciêh⁴

• Wu (Wiktionary): tshaq (T4)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chǐh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih³
    • Yale: chř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyy
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chí
    • Zhuyin: ㄔˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chíh
    • Wade–Giles: chʻih²
    • Yale: chŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyr
    • Palladius: чи (či)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³⁵/

Note: 'chí' pronunciation only used in 尺寸 (chícun).

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: cek³
    • Yale: chek
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsek⁸
    • Guangdong Romanization: cég³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛːk̚³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhak
    • Hakka Romanization System: cag`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cag⁵
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰak̚²/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: ceh⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəʔ²/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chióh / chék
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰuɔʔ²⁴/, /t͡sʰɛiʔ²⁴/

Note:

• chióh - vernacular;
• chék - literary.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhioh
    • Tâi-lô: tshioh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chioiq
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰioʔ⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡ɕʰioʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɤʔ³²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhek
    • Tâi-lô: tshik
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zheg
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰiɪk̚³²/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiak
    • Tâi-lô: tshiak
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiag
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕʰiak̚⁵/

Note:

• chhioh - vernacular;
• chhek/chhiak - literary.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cioh⁴ / ciêh⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshioh / tshieh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰioʔ²/, /t͡sʰieʔ²/

Note:

• cioh4 - Shantou;
• ciêh4 - Chaozhou.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: tshaq (T4)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰa̱ʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 尺
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Tianjin	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Qingdao	/tʃʰz̩⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹/
	Xining	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sʰz̩²¹³/
	Chengdu	/t͡sʰz̩³¹/
	Guiyang	/t͡sʰz̩²¹/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩³¹/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩ʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂʰəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sʰəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ʈ͡ʂʰʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/t͡sʰəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡sʰaʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/t͡sʰei²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰiʔ²¹/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰi⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/ʈ͡ʂʰʐ̩²⁴/ /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/ʈ͡ʂʰɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰɑʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰak̚¹/
	Taoyuan	/tʃʰɑk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰɛk̚³/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰɛk̚³³/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰɛk̚³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰik̚³²/ /t͡sʰioʔ³²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/t͡sʰuɔʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sʰiɔ²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰioʔ²/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/sek̚³/ /sio⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/

Rime
Character	尺
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	昌 (24)
Final (韻)	清 (123)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	昌石切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕʰiæk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cʰiajk̚/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕʰiɛk̚/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕʰĭɛk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕʰi̯ɛk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cik1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰAk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tʰjaɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	尺
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ tsyhek ›
Old Chinese	/*tʰAk/
English	foot (measure)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	尺
Reading #	1/1
No.	1461
Phonetic component	尺
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	尺
Old Chinese	/*tʰjaɡ/

Definitions

尺

1. chi; Chinese foot (a traditional Chinese unit of distance based on the human forearm and equal to 10 cun (寸) or ¹/₁₀ zhang (丈))
2. (Mainland China) mainland chi; Chinese foot, standardized in 1984 as ¹/₃ meter
3. (Taiwan) Taiwanese foot, standardized as ¹⁰/₃₃ meter and identical to the Japanese shaku
4. (Hong Kong) chek; Hong Kong foot, standardized as 0.371475 meters
5. (informal) imperial foot

   Synonyms: 英尺 (yīngchǐ), 呎 (chǐ)

6. ruler (straightedge) (Classifier: 把 m c; 支 m h mn; 桿／杆 m)
7. tape measure

Synonyms

• (ruler):

edit

尺子 (chǐzi) 皮尺 (píchǐ) (tape measure)

直尺 (zhíchǐ) (straight ruler)

捲尺／卷尺 (juǎnchǐ) (tape measure)

Dialectal synonyms of 尺子 (“ruler”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		尺, 尺子
Mandarin	Beijing	尺
	Taiwan	尺
	Harbin	尺
	Yantai (Muping)	尺
	Luoyang	尺子
	Wanrong	尺
	Xi'an	尺子
	Lanzhou	尺子
	Xining	尺子
	Ürümqi	尺子
	Wuhan	尺
	Chengdu	尺, 尺子, 尺片兒
	Guiyang	尺子
	Liuzhou	尺子
	Xuzhou	尺子
	Nanjing	尺
	Singapore	尺
Cantonese	Guangzhou	間尺
	Hong Kong	間尺, 尺
	Dongguan	尺
Gan	Nanchang	尺
	Lichuan	尺
	Pingxiang	尺
Hakka	Meixian	尺
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	尺
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	尺
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	尺
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	尺
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	尺
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	尺
Huizhou	Jixi	尺
Jin	Taiyuan	尺子
	Xinzhou	尺子
Min Bei	Jian'ou	尺
Min Dong	Fuzhou	尺
Min Nan	Shantou	尺
	Leizhou	尺
	Haikou	尺
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	尺
Wu	Shanghai (Chongming)	尺
	Danyang	尺
	Hangzhou	尺
	Ningbo	尺
	Wenzhou	尺
	Jinhua	尺
Xiang	Changsha	尺

See also

• 丈 (zhàng), 寸 (cùn), 分 (fēn)

Compounds

Derived terms from 尺

一丈差九尺 (yīzhàngchājiǔchǐ) 丁字尺 (dīngzìchǐ) 七尺 三尺 三尺喙 三尺法 三角尺 (sānjiǎochǐ) 二尺半 五尺之童 公尺 (gōngchǐ) 六尺之孤 刀尺 勾尺 卡尺 (kǎchǐ) 去天尺五 咫尺 (zhǐchǐ) 咫尺之地 咫尺天涯 咫尺山河 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ) 天涯咫尺 官尺 寸土尺地 寸地尺天 寸田尺宅 寸男尺女 尺一 尺二冤家 尺二秀才 尺五 尺八 (chǐbā) 尺兵 尺口 尺土 尺土之柄 尺寸 (chǐcùn) 尺寸之功 (chǐcùn zhī gōng) 尺寸之地 尺幅 尺度 (chǐdù) 尺板 尺水丈波 尺波 尺璧 尺籍 尺素 (chǐsù) 尺蠖 (chǐhuò)

尺蠖之屈 尺蠖蛾 尺骨 (chǐgǔ) 市尺 (shìchǐ) 律尺 得寸思尺 得尺得寸 心尺 戒尺 (jièchǐ) 文公尺 曲尺 (qūchǐ) 比例尺 (bǐlìchǐ) 法尺 玉尺量才 界尺 百尺 皮尺 (píchǐ) 盈尺之地 直尺 (zhíchǐ) 相去咫尺 矩尺 (jǔchǐ) 篾尺 英尺 (yīngchǐ) 表尺 (biǎochǐ) 裁衣尺 角尺 (jiǎochǐ) 近在咫尺 (jìnzàizhǐchǐ) 部尺 咫尺千里 尺寸千里 尺寸斗粟 尺布斗粟 尺幅千里 尺板斗食 斗粟尺布 七尺軀／七尺躯 三尺劍／三尺剑 伸縮尺／伸缩尺 冰壺玉尺／冰壶玉尺 咫尺萬里／咫尺万里 喙長三尺／喙长三尺 圍尺／围尺 壓尺／压尺 寸兵尺鐵／寸兵尺铁 寸長尺技／寸长尺技 寸長尺短／寸长尺短 寸陰尺璧／寸阴尺璧

尋尺／寻尺 尺書／尺书 尺步繩趨／尺步绳趋 尺波電謝／尺波电谢 尺澤／尺泽 尺牘／尺牍 (chǐdú) 尺短寸長／尺短寸长 尺碼／尺码 (chǐmǎ) 尺簡／尺简 尺脈／尺脉 尺錦／尺锦 尺鐵／尺铁 尺頭／尺头 尺頭兒／尺头儿 得寸進尺／得寸进尺 (décùnjìnchǐ) 捲尺／卷尺 (juǎnchǐ) 摺尺／折尺 攑頭三尺有神明／𫽥头三尺有神明 (gia̍h thâu saⁿ chhioh ū sîn-bîng) (Min Nan) 枉尺直尋／枉尺直寻 檢尺／检尺 沒尺寸／没尺寸 游標卡尺／游标卡尺 (yóubiāo kǎchǐ) 營造尺／营造尺 獨守尺寸／独守尺寸 百尺竿頭／百尺竿头 眉間尺／眉间尺 矩矱繩尺／矩矱绳尺 縮尺／缩尺 縱黍尺／纵黍尺 繩尺／绳尺 繩趨尺步／绳趋尺步 臺尺／台尺 製圖尺／制图尺 規尺／规尺 計算尺／计算尺 (jìsuànchǐ) 詘寸伸尺／诎寸伸尺 詘寸信尺／诎寸信尺 進寸退尺／进寸退尺 進尺／进尺 遊尺／游尺 鈿尺／钿尺 鋪尺／铺尺 鋼尺／钢尺 鎮尺／镇尺 鐵尺／铁尺 魯般尺／鲁般尺

Descendants

• → English: chi, chek
• → Zhuang: cik

Etymology 2

trad.		尺
simp. #		尺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): chě (che³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ce², ce¹
• Min Dong (BUC): chiĕ
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): chhe

  (Teochew, Peng'im): cê⁷

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: chě
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: chě
    • Wade–Giles: chʻê³
    • Yale: chě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chee
    • Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: ce², ce¹
    • Yale: ché, chē
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tse², tse¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cé², cé¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɛː³⁵/, /t͡sʰɛː⁵⁵/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: chiĕ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰie⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
    • Tâi-lô: tshe
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: cê⁷
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshē
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰe¹¹/

Definitions

尺

1. (music) Kunqu gongche notation for the note re (2).
2. (music) Cantonese opera gongche notation for the note re (2).

Compounds

Derived terms from 尺

合尺 工尺 (gōngchě)

工尺字兒／工尺字儿

工尺譜／工尺谱 (gōngchěpǔ)

Derived terms

伬 (chě)

鿈 (chě)

𪛛 (chě)

---

Japanese

Kanji

尺

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. shaku (measurement)
2. measure

Readings

• Go-on: しゃく (shaku, Jōyō)^{←しやく (syaku, historical)}
• Kan-on: せき (seki)
• Kun: さし (sashi, 尺); ものさし (monosashi, 尺)

Compounds

Derived terms

• 尺(しゃく)一(いち) (shakuichi): one shaku and one sun
• 尺(しゃく)八(はち) (shakuhachi): one shaku and eight sun; shakuhachi
• 尺(せき)一(いつ) (sekiitsu): in ancient China, the paperboard on which the imperial decree was written, or the imperial decree

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
尺
しゃく Grade: 6
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 尺 (MC t͡ɕʰiᴇk̚).

Pronunciation

• On’yomi: Goon
• (Tokyo) しゃく​ [shàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕa̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

尺(しゃく) or 尺(せき) • (shaku or seki) 

1. the shaku, "metal shaku", or Japanese foot: a traditional Japanese unit of length equal to 10 sun (寸) or ¹⁄₁₀ jō (丈), standardized as ¹⁰⁄₃₃ of a meter
   • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 6, page 46)

     尺 [...] 廣本無上字、説文、尺十寸也、人手却十分動脈爲寸口、十寸爲尺、尺所以指尺規榘事也从尸从乙、乙所識也、今俗呼佐之或呼毛乃佐之 [...]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • c. 1177-1188: Iroha Jiruishō (volume 9, page 55)

     尺 シャク　十寸為尺

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 741)

     Xacu. シャク (尺) 1 palmoよりも少し長い, ある尺度. 例, Ixxacu, nixacu. (一尺, 二尺) Xacuuo toru. l, xacudoru. (尺を取る. または, 尺取る) 上述のようなpalmoを単位として寸法を計る.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

2. the "whale shaku", a variant of the shaku used in measuring cloth equal to ²⁵⁄₆₆ of a meter
3. length
4. (zoology) The geometer moth (Geometra papilionaria)
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 741)

     Xacu. l, xacumuxi. シャク. または, しゃくむし (尺. または, 尺虫) 歩くときに身を縮めたりしながら進む一種の小虫. Xacude taiuo tçuru. (尺で鯛を釣る) 諺. この小虫で鯛を釣って取る人のように, 小さなもので大きなものを手に入れる.

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. (zoology) the inchworm

Idioms

• 尺(しゃく)で鯛(たい)を釣(つ)る (shaku de tai o tsuru)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
尺
たかばかり Grade: 6
kun’yomi

Compound of bound 竹 (taka, “bamboo”) +‎ 測り (hakari), voiced due to compounding.

Alternative forms

• 竹量
• 鷹秤

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• IPA^(key): [ta̠ka̠ba̠ka̠ɾʲi]

Noun

尺(たかばかり) • (takabakari) 

1. a bamboo measure
   • 931–938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō (book 6, page 46)

     尺 魏武上雜物䟽云、象牙尺、齒亦反、辨色立成云、尺竹量也、太加波可利

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
• Minamoto, Shitagō; Kyōto Daigaku Bungakubu Kokugogaku Kokubungaku Kenkyūshitu (931–938) Shohon Shūsei Wamyō Ruijushō: Honbunhen (in Japanese), Kyōto: Rinsen, published 1968, →ISBN.
• Tadakane, Tachibana; Atsuo Masamune (ed.) (c. 1177-1188) Iroha Jiruishō (in Japanese), Kazama Shobō, published 1971

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Korean

Hanja

尺 (eum 척 (cheok))

1. Hanja form^? of 자 (“Korean foot (30.3cm)”).
2. Hanja form^? of 자 (“ruler; straightedge”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 척도 (尺度, cheokdo, “linear measure”)
• 척확 (尺蠖, cheokhwak, “measuring worm; inchworm; spanworm; looper”)
• 계산척 (計算尺, gyesancheok, “slide rule; slipstick”)
• 곡척 (曲尺, gokcheok, “steel square; carpenter's square”)

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Vietnamese

Han character

尺: Hán Việt readings: xích[1][2][3][4]
尺: Nôm readings: xệch[2][5][4], xách[1][5], xế[2][5], xích[3][6], sệch[2], xạch[2], xịch[5]

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

1. Nguyễn (2014).
2. Trần (2004).
3. Bonet (1899).
4. Génibrel (1898).
5. Hồ (1976).
6. Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).