宦

宦	U+5BA6, 宦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5BA6

← 宥
[U+5BA5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

宧 →
[U+5BA7]

Translingual

Han character

宦 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十尸中中 (JSLL), four-corner 3071₇, composition ⿱宀臣)

References

KangXi: page 285, character 4

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7138

Dae Jaweon: page 563, character 6

Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 924, character 1

Unihan data for U+5BA6

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宦

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宦
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 宀 (“house”) + 臣 (“servant”) – slave; servant.

Etymology

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)(j)wal (“slave; servant”) (STEDT). Cognate with Tibetan ཁོལ་པོ (khol po, “servant”), Burmese ကျွန် (kywan, “slave”), Proto-Loloish *C-kywan¹ (“slave”), 倌 (OC *koːn, *kroːns).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huàn (huan⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): waan⁶
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): fon⁴
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hoān
(Teochew, Peng'im): huang⁶ / huêng⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: huàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huàn
  - Wade–Giles: huan⁴
  - Yale: hwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huann
  - Palladius: хуань (xuanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: waan⁶
  - Yale: waahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: waan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: wan⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /waːn²²/
Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fɔn⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoān
  - Tâi-lô: huān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoan
  - IPA (Xiamen): /huan²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /huan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /huan²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /huan³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /huan³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: huang⁶ / huêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huăng / huĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huaŋ³⁵/, /hueŋ³⁵/

Note:

huang6 - Shantou;
huêng6 - Chaozhou.

Middle Chinese: /ɦˠuan^H/

Rime
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	刪 (70)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	胡慣切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠuan^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚan^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwaɨn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣuan^H/
Wang Li	/ɣwan^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwan^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	waan⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-kʷˤ<r>a[n]-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hwæn^H ›
Old Chinese	/*m-kʷˁ<r>a[n]-s/
English	servant
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宦
Reading #	1/1
No.	5361
Phonetic component	宦
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	患
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷraːns/

Definitions

宦

to hold public office
government official
eunuch
a surname

Compounds

世嗣宦族
仕宦 (shìhuàn)
名宦
奄宦
官宦 (guānhuàn)
官宦人家
宦人
宦囊
宦女
宦官 (huànguān)
宦情

宦海 (huànhǎi)
宦途 (huàntú)
巧宦
年宦
游宦 (yóuhuàn)
素宦
薄宦
官宦氣息／官宦气息
宦學／宦学
宦豎／宦竖 (huànshù)
宦遊／宦游 (huànyóu)

宦達／宦达
宦門／宦门
羈宦／羁宦
謫宦／谪宦
豎宦／竖宦
達官顯宦／达官显宦
鄉宦／乡宦
門宦／门宦
閹宦／阉宦 (yānhuàn)
顯宦／显宦

Japanese

Kanji

宦

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: かん (kan)
Kun: つかえる (tsukaeru, 宦える); まなぶ (manabu)

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 宦 (MC ɦˠuan^H). Recorded as Middle Korean 환〯 (hwǎn) (Yale: hwan) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource宦 (eumhun 벼슬 환 (byeoseul hwan))

Hanja form^? of 환 (“eunuch”).

Compounds

환관 (宦官, hwan'gwan)
환시 (宦侍, hwansi)
내환 (內宦, naehwan)

References

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Vietnamese

Han character

宦: Hán Nôm readings: hoạn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.