宏

宏

宏 U+5B8F, 宏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8F ← 宎 [U+5B8E] CJK Unified Ideographs 宐 → [U+5B90]

Translingual

Han character

宏 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十大戈 (JKI), four-corner 3043₂, composition ⿱宀厷)

Further reading

• KangXi: page 282, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7086
• Dae Jaweon: page 556, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 916, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5B8F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		宏
alternative forms		宖 ancient 厷

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (厷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
肱	*kʷɯːŋ
宏	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
閎	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
吰	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
竑	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
谹	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
翃	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
紘	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
鈜	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
浤	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
耾	*ɡʷrɯːŋ
雄	*ɡʷɯŋ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hóng (hong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄥˊ

  (Chengdu, SP): hong²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): wang⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): fèn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fen²

• Jin (Wiktionary): hung¹
• Min Bei (KCR): ǒ̤ng
• Min Dong (BUC): hèng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hông

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hong⁵ / kuêng⁵

• Wu (Wiktionary): hhon (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): hong²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hóng
    • Wade–Giles: hung²
    • Yale: húng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: horng
    • Palladius: хун (xun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xʊŋ³⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: hong²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xoŋ²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: wang⁴
    • Yale: wàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: wang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: weng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɐŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fèn
    • Hakka Romanization System: fenˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fen²
    • Sinological IPA: /fen¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fen²
    • Sinological IPA: /fən¹¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: hung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xũŋ¹¹/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǒ̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɔŋ²¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: hèng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɛiŋ⁵³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
    • Tâi-lô: hông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hong⁵ / kuêng⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hông / khuêng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hoŋ⁵⁵/, /kʰueŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

• hong5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
• kuêng5 - Jieyang, Chaoyang, Pontianak.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hhon (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦʊŋ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: hong²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /xʊŋ¹³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /xən¹³/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 宏
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuŋ³⁵/
	Harbin	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Tianjin	/xuŋ⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Qingdao	/xəŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xuŋ⁴²/
	Xi'an	/xuŋ²⁴/
	Xining	/xuə̃²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/xuŋ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/xũn⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/xuŋ⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/xoŋ²¹³/
	Chengdu	/xoŋ³¹/
	Guiyang	/xoŋ²¹/
	Kunming	/xoŋ³¹/
	Nanjing	/xoŋ²⁴/
	Hefei	/xəŋ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/xuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/xũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦoŋ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦoŋ¹³/
	Hangzhou	/ɦoŋ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/ɦoŋ³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/xuʌ̃⁴⁴/
	Tunxi	/xan⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xoŋ¹³/
	Xiangtan	/ɦən¹²/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/fen¹¹/
	Taoyuan	/fen¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɐŋ²¹/
	Nanning	/huŋ²¹/
	Hong Kong	/wɐŋ²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔŋ³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huŋ⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ɔŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hoŋ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔŋ³¹/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦˠwɛŋ/

Rime
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	耕 (118)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	戸萌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦˠwɛŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦʷᵚæŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɐŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwəɨjŋ/
Li Rong	/ɣuɛŋ/
Wang Li	/ɣwæŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣwæŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hóng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wang4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤ<r>əŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡʷrɯːŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hóng
Middle Chinese	‹ hwɛng ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁ<r>əŋ/
English	resounding; great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宏
Reading #	1/1
No.	4130
Phonetic component	厷
Rime group	蒸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宏
Old Chinese	/*ɡʷrɯːŋ/

Definitions

宏

1. (originally referring to houses) wide; spacious; great; vast

   See also: 弘

2. extensive
3. loud and clear; resounding
4. (alt. form 弘) to enlarge; to expand
5. (computing) macro (comparatively human-friendly abbreviation of complex input to a computer program)
6. a surname

Compounds

宏亮 (hóngliàng) 宏器 宏大 (hóngdà) 宏宏 宏富 (hóngfù) 宏志 宏放 宏敞 宏旨 (hóngzhǐ) 宏材大略 宏邈 宏都拉斯 (Hóngdūlāsī) 恢宏 (huīhóng) 恢宏大度

泓宏 博學宏詞／博学宏词 大展宏圖／大展宏图 (dàzhǎnhóngtú) 宏偉／宏伟 (hóngwěi) 宏偉壯觀／宏伟壮观 宏儒碩學／宏儒硕学 宏圖／宏图 (hóngtú) 宏壯／宏壮 (hóngzhuàng) 宏揚／宏扬 宏構／宏构 宏碩／宏硕 宏綱／宏纲 宏規／宏规 宏覽／宏览

宏觀／宏观 (hóngguān) 宏論／宏论 (hónglùn) 宏辯／宏辩 宏達／宏达 宏願／宏愿 (hóngyuàn) 宏麗／宏丽 寬宏／宽宏 (kuānhóng) 寬宏大量／宽宏大量 (kuānhóng dàliàng) 崇論宏議／崇论宏议 欒櫨宏敞／栾栌宏敞 無關宏旨／无关宏旨 立論精宏／立论精宏 駿業宏發／骏业宏发 駿業宏興／骏业宏兴

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Japanese

Kanji

宏

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: おう (ō)
• Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←くわう (kwau, historical)}
• Kun: ひろい (hiroi, 宏い)

Proper noun

宏(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

宏 (eumhun 클 굉 (keul goeng))

1. large; great

Compounds

Compounds

• 굉곽 (宏廓, goenggwak)
• 굉구 (宏構, goenggu)
• 굉규 (宏規, goenggyu)
• 굉기 (宏器, goenggi)
• 굉달 (宏達, goengdal)
• 굉대 (宏大, goengdae)
• 굉도 (宏圖, goengdo)
• 굉렬 (宏烈, goengnyeol)
• 굉모 (宏謀, goengmo)
• 굉박 (宏博, goengbak)
• 굉변 (宏辯, goengbyeon)
• 굉부 (宏富, goengbu)
• 굉사 (宏肆, goengsa)
• 굉업 (宏業, goeng'eop)
• 굉원 (宏遠, goeng'won)
• 굉유 (宏猷, goeng'yu)
• 굉유 (宏儒, goeng'yu)
• 굉음 (宏飮, goeng'eum)
• 굉장 (宏壯, goengjang)
• 굉장 (宏莊, goengjang)
• 굉재 (宏材, goengjae)
• 굉재 (宏才, goengjae)
• 굉재탁식 (宏才卓識, goengjaetaksik)
• 굉창 (宏敞, goengchang)
• 굉홍 (宏弘, goenghong)
• 굉활 (宏闊, goenghwal)
• 굉후 (宏厚, goenghu)
• 굉휴 (宏休, goenghyu)
• 연굉 (淵宏, yeon'goeng)
• 웅굉 (雄宏, unggoeng)
• 회굉 (恢宏, hoegoeng)

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Vietnamese

Han character

宏: Hán Nôm readings: hoãng, hoành, giang

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.