妊

妊

See also: 姙

妊 U+598A, 妊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-598A ← 妉 [U+5989] CJK Unified Ideographs 妋 → [U+598B]

Translingual

Han character

妊 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女竹土 (VHG), four-corner 4241₄, composition ⿰女壬)

1. conceive
2. be pregnant

Derived characters

• 𡤊

References

• KangXi: page 256, character 6
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6072
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1031, character 6
• Unihan data for U+598A

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Chinese

trad.		妊
simp. #		妊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (壬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
紝	*nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
鵀	*nɯm, *njɯm, *njɯms
拰	*nɯmʔ
賃	*nɯms
任	*njɯm, *njɯms
壬	*l̥ʰeːŋʔ, *njɯm
恁	*njɯm, *njɯmʔ
銋	*njɯm, *njɯmʔ
荏	*njɯmʔ
餁	*njɯmʔ
栠	*njɯmʔ
袵	*njɯmʔ
飪	*njɯmʔ
妊	*njɯms
衽	*njɯms

Etymology

Cognate with 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to be burdened; to be loaded”). See there for more.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): rèn (ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jam⁶, jam⁴
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): līm / jīm

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rim⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴
    • Yale: rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jam⁶, jam⁴
    • Yale: yahm, yàhm
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jam⁶, jam⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: yem⁶, yem⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐm²²/, /jɐm²¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
    • Tâi-lô: līm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lim
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lim³³/
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
    • Tâi-lô: jīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jim
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑim²²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑim³³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: rim⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jĭm
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zim³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪm^H/

Rime
Character	妊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	汝鴆切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪmH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵimH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjemH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵimH/
Li Rong	/ȵiəmH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕmH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯əmH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jam6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	妊
Reading #	1/1
No.	10822
Phonetic component	壬
Rime group	侵
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	妊
Old Chinese	/*njɯms/

Definitions

妊

1. pregnant

Compounds

妊娠 (rènshēn) 妊神星 (Rènshénxīng)

妊娠紋／妊娠纹 (rènshēnwén) 妊娠線／妊娠线

妊婦／妊妇 (rènfù)

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Japanese

Kanji

妊

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. pregnancy

Readings

• Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: じん (jin)
• Kun: はらむ (haramu, 妊む)

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Korean

Alternative forms

• 姙 (姙)

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 妊 (MC ȵiɪm^H).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	ᅀᅵᆷ〮 (Yale: zím)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
	Gloss (hun)	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527	ᄇᆡᆯ (Yale: pòyl)	ᅀᅵᆷ〯 (Yale: zǐm)

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [i(ː)m]
• Phonetic hangul: [임(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource妊 (eumhun 아이 밸 임 (ai bael im))

1. Hanja form^? of 임 (“pregnancy”).

Compounds

Compounds

• 임신 (妊娠, imsin)
• 임부 (妊婦, imbu)
• 피임 (避妊, piim)
• 피임법 (避妊法, piimbeop)
• 임신부 (妊娠婦, imsinbu)
• 임산부 (妊産婦, imsanbu)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

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Vietnamese

Han character

妊: Hán Nôm readings: nhâm

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