女
|
|
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
![]() |
Han character
女 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 女 (V), four-corner 40400, composition ⿻𡿨丆(GJKV) or ⿻𡿨𠂇(HT))
- Kangxi radical #38, ⼥.
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/女, 姦
- 𠯆, 𡥃, 𢑒, 𫹌, 𢖵, 汝, 𣅓, 𪱴, 𤖩, 𤘙, 𤣷, 肗, 𤯕, 𫀁, 籹, 𦘽, 𫌜, 𫌳, 𧴱, 𧺜, 𨐎, 釹(钕), 𩖠, 𩚔, 𩨚, 𫶯, 𠚰, 邚, 䎟, 䶯
- 㣽, 𭴇, 𥁅, 𠕷, 𡉓, 安, 𢇘, 𦬑, 𢨭, 𣱘, 𥤨, 𥫭, 娄, 耍, 要, 𮡎, 𦯽, 𤕢, 𫒈, 𩁻, 蒆, 𫘺, 䆯, 䶒, 𨳐, 囡
- 佞, 𣍲, 㓂, 宼, 窛, 桜, 珱, 䋝, 䧪, 巕
Descendants
- め (Hiragana character derived from man'yōgana)
- メ (Katakana character derived from man'yōgana)
References
- KangXi: page 254, character 22
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6036
- Dae Jaweon: page 516, character 19
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1023, character 23
- Unihan data for U+5973
- Unihan data for U+F981
Chinese
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 女 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
拿 | *rnaː |
拏 | *rnaː |
詉 | *rnaː |
蒘 | *rnaː, *na |
笯 | *rnaː, *naː, *naːs |
挐 | *rnaː, *na |
絮 | *rnaːs, *nas, *snas, *nas |
呶 | *rnaːw |
怓 | *rnaːw |
帑 | *n̥ʰaːŋʔ, *naː |
奴 | *naː |
砮 | *naː, *naːʔ |
駑 | *naː |
孥 | *naː |
努 | *naːʔ |
弩 | *naːʔ |
怒 | *naːʔ, *naːs |
袽 | *na |
帤 | *na |
女 | *naʔ, *nas |
籹 | *naʔ |
恕 | *hnjas |
如 | *nja, *njas |
茹 | *nja, *njaʔ, *njas |
洳 | *nja, *njas |
鴽 | *nja |
蕠 | *nja |
汝 | *njaʔ |
肗 | *njaʔ |
Pictogram (象形) : a woman with breasts kneeling or standing. In modern form turned on left side: enclosed area is remnant of left breast (character's left, depicted woman's right), while right breast has disappeared. Graphically cognate to 母 (mǔ, “mother”), which has developed similarly, but also includes dots for nipples and has retained both breasts.
Etymology 1
trad. | 女 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 女 | |
alternative forms | 𠨰 |
![](Images/wiktionary/Qipao_woman.jpg.webp)
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *nja-ŋ/k (“woman”).
Pronunciation 2 is an exoactive derivation of pronunciation 1 (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
Definitions
女
- woman; (only of humans in Standard Chinese) female
- 女人 ― nǚrén ― woman
- 女的 ― nǚde ― woman; female
- 一個女演員/一个女演员 ― yī ge nǚ yǎnyuán ― an actress
- 一個女士兵/一个女士兵 ― yī ge nǚ shìbīng ― a female soldier
- 請問女衛生間在哪兒? [MSC, trad.]
- Qǐngwèn nǚ wèishēngjiān zài nǎr? [Pinyin]
- Excuse me, where is the ladies' lavatory?; Excuse me, where is the women's' bathroom?
请问女卫生间在哪儿? [MSC, simp.]- Coordinate term: 男 (nán)
- See also: 母, 雌
- daughter (Classifier: 個/个 c; 粒 c)
- 次女 ― cì'nǚ ― second daughter
- 佢係我個女。/佢系我个女。 [Cantonese] ― keoi5 hai6 ngo5 go3 neoi5-2 [Jyutping] ― She's my daughter.
- (Cantonese) girl; young female (Classifier: 條/条 c; 班 c)
- 靚女/靓女 [Cantonese] ― leng3 neoi5-2 [Jyutping] ― pretty girl
- (Cantonese, slang) girlfriend (Classifier: 條/条 c)
- (Cantonese, card games) queen (Classifier: 張/张 c; 隻/只 c)
- (astronomy) the Girl (a Chinese constellation near Aquarius, 10th of the Twenty-Eight Mansions and part of the Black Turtle)
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 女 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 女兒 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 女兒, 女花兒, 閨女, 姑娘, 丫頭 |
Taiwan | 女兒 | |
Tianjin | 女兒, 閨女, 小棉襖 humorous | |
Langfang | 閨妮 | |
Tangshan | 閨女 | |
Cangzhou | 閨女 | |
Baoding | 閨女 | |
Shijiazhuang | 閨女 | |
Daming | 妮兒 | |
Bayanhot | 丫頭 | |
Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 女兒 | |
Harbin | 女兒, 姑娘, 閨女, 閨娘, 丫頭 | |
Shenyang | 姑娘, 丫頭 | |
Yantai (Muping) | 閨娘, 閨娘子, 女兒 | |
Qingdao | 閨女 | |
Weifang (Weicheng) | 閨女 | |
Weifang (Fangzi) | 閨女, 嫚兒 | |
Weifang (Hanting) | 閨女 | |
Changyi | 閨女, 嫚姑子 | |
Gaomi | 閨女, 嫚兒, 嫚兒姑子 | |
Zhucheng | 閨女 | |
Anqiu | 閨女 | |
Changle | 閨女兒 | |
Linqu | 閨女 | |
Qingzhou | 閨女 | |
Shouguang | 閨女 | |
Wulian | 閨女, 丫頭, 嫚兒, 識字班 | |
Jinan | 閨女 | |
Wanrong | 女子 | |
Zhengzhou | 閨女, 妞 | |
Xi'an | 女, 女兒 | |
Yinchuan | 女兒, 丫頭 | |
Lanzhou | 女兒 | |
Xining | 姑娘, 丫頭 | |
Ürümqi | 女兒, 丫頭 | |
Wuhan | 姑娘, 丫頭 | |
Huanggang | 女兒 | |
Chengdu | 女兒, 女, 姑娘兒 | |
Guiyang | 姑娘, 女娃娃, 女娃兒, 幺女, 幺姑娘, 小丫頭, 小姑娘 | |
Kunming | 囡兒, 姑娘 | |
Guilin | 女兒 | |
Liuzhou | 女, 丫頭 | |
Sanjiang (Danzhou) | 妹崽 | |
Xuzhou | 女兒, 閨女 | |
Yangzhou | 女兒, 姑娘 | |
Nanjing | 女兒, 姑娘 | |
Hefei | 女兒, 丫頭 | |
Nantong | 丫頭 | |
Malaysia | 女兒 | |
Singapore | 女兒 | |
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 女兒, 姑娘兒 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 女 |
Hong Kong | 女, 女女, 阿女 | |
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 女, 妹仔 | |
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 女 | |
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 阿女 | |
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 阿女 | |
Macau | 女 | |
Guangzhou (Panyu) | 女 | |
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 女 | |
Guangzhou (Conghua) | 女 | |
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 女 | |
Foshan | 女 | |
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 女 | |
Foshan (Shunde) | 女 | |
Foshan (Sanshui) | 女 | |
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 女 | |
Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 女 | |
Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 女 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 女 | |
Zhuhai (Doumen) | 女 | |
Jiangmen (Baisha) | 女 | |
Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 女 | |
Taishan | 女 | |
Kaiping (Chikan) | 女 | |
Enping (Niujiang) | 女 | |
Heshan (Yayao) | 女 | |
Dongguan | 女 | |
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 女 | |
Shenzhen (Dapeng) | 阿女 | |
Qingyuan | 女 | |
Fogang | 女 | |
Yingde (Hanguang) | 女 | |
Yangshan | 妹仔 | |
Lianshan (Butian) | 女 | |
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 女 | |
Shaoguan | 女 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 女 | |
Renhua | 女 | |
Lechang | 女 | |
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 女 | |
Sihui | 女 | |
Guangning | 女 | |
Deqing | 女 | |
Huaiji | 女 | |
Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 女 | |
Yunfu | 女 | |
Xinxing | 女 | |
Luoding | 女 | |
Yunan (Pingtai) | 女 | |
Yangjiang | 桓仔, 妹仔 | |
Xinyi | 女 | |
Maoming (Xinpo) | 女 | |
Lianjiang | 女 | |
Wuchuan (Wuyang) | 康女兒, 夫娘儂 | |
Nanning | 女 | |
Wuzhou | 女 | |
Yulin | 女 | |
Hepu (Lianzhou) | 女 | |
Guiping | 女 | |
Mengshan (Xihe) | 女 | |
Guigang (Nanjiang) | 女 | |
Beiliu (Tangliao) | 女 | |
Baise | 女 | |
Bobai | 女 | |
Lingshan | 女 | |
Pubei | 女 | |
Qinzhou | 女 | |
Beihai | 女 | |
Beihai (Nankang) | 女 | |
Beihai (Yingpan) | 女 | |
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 女, 妹仔 | |
Ningming | 女 | |
Hengxian | 女 | |
Hezhou (Pumen) | 女仔 | |
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 女 | |
Danzhou | 女 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 女 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 女 | |
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 女 | |
Móng Cái | 女 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 女, 姑娘 |
Lichuan | 女 | |
Pingxiang | 女, 妹仔 | |
Hakka | Meixian | 妹仔 |
Xingning | 妹哩 | |
Dabu (Xihe) | 妹兒, 女 | |
Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 阿女 | |
Huiyang | 妹子 | |
Huidong (Daling) | 妹仔 | |
Dongguan (Qingxi) | 妹主 | |
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 妹主 | |
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 妹子 | |
Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 妹哩 | |
Wuhua (Huacheng) | 妹哩 | |
Wuhua (Changbu) | 妹哩 | |
Wuhua (Mianyang) | 妹哩 | |
Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿女 | |
Wengyuan | 妹子 | |
Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 妹子 | |
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 妹仔 | |
Liannan | 妹子 | |
Conghua (Lütian) | 女 | |
Jiexi | 妹 | |
Luhe | 妹仔, 阿女 | |
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 阿女 | |
Changting | 妹子, 女 | |
Wuping | 妹子 | |
Wuping (Yanqian) | 女哩 | |
Wuping (Pingyu) | 妹子 | |
Liancheng | 妹子娘 | |
Ninghua | 女 | |
Yudu | 女, 女子 | |
Ningdu | 女 | |
Ruijin | 女, 女子 | |
Shicheng | 女 | |
Shangyou (Shexi) | 女 | |
Tonggu (Sandu) | 妹子 | |
Ganzhou (Panlong) | 女 | |
Dayu | 女哩 | |
Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 妹仔, 妹子 | |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 妹仔, 妹子 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 妹仔, 妹子 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 妹, 妹子, 細妹 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 妹仔, 妹子 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 阿女 | |
Hong Kong | 妹子 | |
Yangxi (Tangkou) | 妹子 | |
Yangchun (Sanjia) | 女 | |
Xinyi (Sihe) | 女 | |
Xinyi (Qianpai) | 女 | |
Gaozhou (Xindong) | 女 | |
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 女 | |
Huazhou (Xin'an) | 女子 | |
Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 妹𧊅, 女子 | |
Lianjiang (Qingping) | 女 | |
Mengshan (Xihe) | 妹子 | |
Luchuan | 女 | |
Luchuan (Daqiao) | 女 | |
Bobai (Shahe) | 女 | |
Beiliu (Tang'an) | 妹 | |
Mashan (Pianlian) | 妹子 | |
Sabah (Bao'an) | 妹子 | |
Sabah (Longchuan) | 妹哩 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Dabu) | 妹 | |
Senai (Huiyang) | 妹子 | |
Singkawang | 妹子 | |
Huizhou | Jixi | 女 |
Shexian | 女 | |
Tunxi | 囡, 囡囝 | |
Xiuning | 囡兒 | |
Yixian | 囡兒 | |
Qimen | 女, 女兒 | |
Wuyuan | 女, 女兒, 囡 | |
Fuliang | 女崽 | |
Dexing | 𡚴姑 | |
Jingde | 女伲 | |
Shitai (Xianyu) | 女兒 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 閨女, 姑娘, 妮子 |
Pingyao | 閨女, 女子 | |
Xinzhou | 閨女 | |
Hohhot | 閨女, 女子 | |
Zhangjiakou | 閨女 | |
Handan | 閨女 | |
Min Bei | Jian'ou | 阿娘囝 |
Jian'ou (Dikou) | 娘囝 | |
Songxi | 阿娘囝 | |
Zhenghe | 阿娘囝 | |
Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 娘囝 | |
Jianyang | 阿娘囝 | |
Wuyishan | 阿娘囝 | |
Pucheng (Shibei) | 阿娘囝 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 諸娘囝 |
Changle | 諸娘囝 | |
Fuqing | 諸娘囝 | |
Yongtai | 諸娘囝 | |
Gutian | 諸娘囝 | |
Pingnan | 諸娘囝 | |
Fu'an | 諸娘囝 | |
Ningde | 諸母囝 | |
Shouning | 諸母囝 | |
Zhouning | 諸娘囝 | |
Fuding | 諸母囝 | |
Matsu | 諸娘囝 | |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 查某囝, 查某仔 |
Quanzhou | 查某仔 | |
Yongchun | 查某囝 | |
Zhangzhou | 查某仔, 灶雞 | |
Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 查某仔 | |
Pinghe | 查某囝, 查某仔 Xiazhai, Jiufeng, Luxi | |
Zhangpu | 查某仔 | |
Dongshan | 查囝 | |
Taipei | 查某囝 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 查某囝 | |
Kaohsiung | 查某囡仔, 查某囝 | |
Yilan | 查某囝 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 查某囝 | |
Taichung | 查某囝 | |
Taichung (Wuqi) | 查某囝 | |
Tainan | 查某囝 | |
Taitung | 查某囝 | |
Hsinchu | 查某囝 | |
Kinmen | 查某囡仔 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 查某囝 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 查某囝, 查某仔 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 查某囝 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 查某仔, 查某囝 | |
Longyan | 查某仔 | |
Zhangping | 查某仔 | |
Zhangping (Yongfu) | 查某仔 | |
Datian | 阿使 | |
Pingnan (Shangdu) | 女 | |
Chaozhou | 走囝 | |
Shantou | 走囝 | |
Shantou (Chenghai) | 走囝 | |
Jieyang | 走囝 | |
Haifeng | 查某囝 | |
Bangkok (Teochew) | 走囝 | |
Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 走囝 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 查某囝, 走囝 | |
Batam (Teochew) | 查某囝, 走囝 | |
Pontianak (Teochew) | 查某囝 | |
Leizhou | 查某囝 | |
Wenchang | 查某囝 | |
Haikou | 查某囝, 查囝 | |
Qionghai | 查某囝 | |
Puxian Min | Putian | 嬸娘囝 |
Xianyou | 子囝 | |
Min Zhong | Yong'an | 娘囝 |
Zhongshan Min | Shaxi (Longdu) | 中母囝 |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 女 |
Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 女 |
Shehua | Fu'an | 女 |
Fuding | 女 | |
Luoyuan | 女 | |
Sanming | 女 | |
Shunchang | 女 | |
Hua'an | 妹仔 | |
Guixi (Zhangping) | 女 | |
Cangnan | 女 | |
Jingning | 女 | |
Lishui | 女 | |
Longyou | 女 | |
Chaozhou | 女 | |
Fengshun | 女 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 囡兒, 囡 dated, 囡兒大細 dated, 小鬼丫頭 endearing |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 丫頭 | |
Suzhou | 囡兒 | |
Wuxi | 囡兒 | |
Danyang | 女兒 | |
Hangzhou | 女兒 | |
Ningbo | 囡 | |
Wenzhou | 奶兒 | |
Jinhua | 囡兒, 囡, 女兒 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 女, 妹子 |
Xiangtan | 女, 妹唧 | |
Loudi | 女 | |
Shuangfeng | 女 | |
Jiangyong | 女 | |
Quanzhou | 女崽 |
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 女朋友, 女友 | |
Mandarin | Beijing | 女朋友 |
Taiwan | 女朋友, 女友, 馬子 humorous or derogatory | |
Chengdu | 女娃子, 女娃娃, 女娃兒, 盤子 | |
Guilin | 𧊅 | |
Xuzhou | 女朋友 | |
Nanjing | 女朋友, 攀西 | |
Singapore | 女朋友 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 女朋友, 女 |
Hong Kong | 女朋友, 女友, 女, 女女, 菜 derogatory | |
Taishan | 女朋友, 女 | |
Dongguan | 皮油 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 女朋友 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 細妹朋友, 女朋友 |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 細妹朋友, 女朋友 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 細妹朋友, 女朋友 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 細妹朋友, 女朋友 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 妹子朋友, 女朋友 | |
Min Dong | Fuzhou | 女朋友 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | 女朋友 |
Shishi | 女朋友 | |
Taipei | 姼仔 GT | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 查某朋友 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 查某朋友 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 女朋友, 查某朋友 | |
Chaozhou | 女朋友 | |
Haifeng | 女朋友 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 查某朋友 | |
Leizhou | 女朋友 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 女朋友 |
Suzhou | 女朋友 | |
Hangzhou | 女朋友 | |
Ningbo | 女朋友 | |
Zhoushan | 女朋友 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 妹子 |
Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |
Variety | Location | Words edit |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | 疙瘩, 疙瘩包 |
Luoyang | 皮蛋, 十二 | |
Zhengzhou | 十二, 圈 | |
Xi'an | 圈子 | |
Ürümqi | 皮蛋, 圈子 | |
Wuhan | 皮蛋, 蛋, 環, 婆婆 | |
Guiyang | 蛋, 蛋蛋 | |
Liuzhou | 悶, 丘 | |
Xuzhou | 皮蛋, 皮球, 球蛋 | |
Yangzhou | 皮蛋 | |
Nanjing | 皮蛋 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 女 |
Hong Kong | 女 | |
Taishan | 女 | |
Wuzhou | 敏 | |
Yulin | 敏 | |
Gan | Lichuan | 皮蛋 |
Pingxiang | 蛋, 皮蛋架架 | |
Hakka | Yudu | 圈子 |
Huizhou | Jixi | 皮蛋 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 圈兒 |
Min Nan | Xiamen | Q, 卵 |
Shantou | 箍, 𡚸, 妹 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 皮蛋 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 皮蛋 | |
Suzhou | 蛋, 皮蛋 | |
Ningbo | 皮蛋, 蛋 |
Compounds
|
|
|
Descendants
- → Japanese: 女 (jo)
- → Korean: 여(女) (yeo)
- → Vietnamese: nữ (女)
Pronunciation 2
Definitions
女
- † to give one's daughter in marriage; to give as wife
- 宋雍氏女於鄭莊公,曰雍姞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Sòng Yōngshì nǜ yú Zhèng Zhuānggōng, yuē Yōng Jí. [Pinyin]
- The officer Yong of Song had married off a daughter, called Yong Ji [雍姞; Yong was the father's clan name (氏); Ji the surname (姓)] to duke Zhuang of Zheng.
宋雍氏女于郑庄公,曰雍姞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 殷辛伐有蘇,有蘇氏以妲己女焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
- Yīnxīn fá yǒusū, yǒusū shì yǐ dájǐ nǜ yān. [Pinyin]
- Xin of Yin attacked Yousu; Lord Yousu married off his daughter Da Ji [to him].
殷辛伐有苏,有苏氏以妲己女焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 女 – see 汝 (“you”). (This character, 女, is a variant form of 汝.) |
References
- “女”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)
- woman
- daughter
Readings
- Go-on: にょ (nyo, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: じょ (jo, Jōyō)←ぢよ (dyo, historical)
- Kan’yō-on: にょう (nyō, Jōyō †)
- Kun: おんな (onna, 女, Jōyō)←をんな (wonna, historical)←をみな (womina, ancient); め (me, 女, Jōyō)
- Nanori: おな (ona); た (ta); つき (tsuki); な (na)
Compounds
- 女王 (joō), 女王 (jōō), 女王 (nyoō, “queen”)
- 女医 (joi, “female doctor”)
- 少女 (shōjo, “young girl, style of anime for young women”)
- 女系 (jokei, “woman-succession; matrilineal”)
- 女傑 (joketsu, “brave woman”)
- 女権 (joken, “women's rights”)
- 女史 (joshi, “Ms.”)
- 女中 (jochū, “maid”)
- 処女 (shojo, “virgin, maiden”)
- 女子 (joshi, “girl”)
- 女児 (joji, “female infant”)
- 女神 (joshin)
- 女性 (josei, “woman”)
- 女声 (josei, “female voice”)
- 女婿, 女壻 (josei, “son-in-law”)
- 女帝 (jotei, “empress”)
- 女優 (joyū, “actress”)
- 女流 (joryū, “female”)
- 女郎 (jorō, “prostitute”)
- 女官 (nyokan, “court lady”)
- 女性 (nyoshō)
- 女将 (nyoshō, “mistress, hostess”)
- 女人 (nyonin, “woman”)
- 女房 (nyōbō, “wife”)
- 悪女 (akujo)
- 王女 (ōjo), 王女 (ōnyo, “princess”)
- 皇女 (ōjo)
- 宮女 (kyūjo)
- 孝女 (kōjo, “filial daughter”)
- 工女 (kōjo, “female worker”)
- 皇女 (kōjo, “imperial princess”)
- 才女 (saijo)
- 二女 (jijo)
- 次女 (jijo)
- 侍女 (jijo)
- 淑女 (shukujo)
- 信女 (shinnyo)
- 仙女 (sennyo), 仙女 (senjo, “fairy, nymph, elf”)
- 善女 (zennyo)
- 善男善女 (zennan zennyo)
- 息女 (sokujo, “daughter”, honorific)
- 男女 (danjo)
- 男尊女卑 (dansonjohi)
- 痴女 (chijo, “slut, female libertine”)
- 長女 (chōjo, “eldest daughter”)
- 天女 (tennyo)
- 東女 (tonjo)
- 男女 (nannyo)
- 老若男女 (rōnyaku nannyo)
- 美女 (bijo, “beauty, belle”)
- 本女 (ponjo)
- 魔女 (majo, “witch”)
- 遊女 (yūjo)
- 幼女 (yōjo)
- 養女 (yōjo)
- 老女 (rōjo)
- 女将 (okami)
- 女形 (oyama)
- 貴女 (anata)
- 海女 (ama)
- 瞽女 (goze)
- 女衒 (zegen)
- 侍女, 従女 (makatachi)
- 巫女 (miko)
- 皇女 (miko)
- 湯女 (yuna)
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
おんな Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /womʉna/ → /wonːa/ → /onːa/
Shift from Old Japanese womina → omina. See the 女 (omina) entry for further details.
Now one of the standard Japanese words for "a woman".
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) おんな [òńnáꜜ] (Odaka – [3])[1][2]
- IPA(key): [õ̞nːa̠]
Audio (file)
Noun
女 • (onna) ←をんな (wonna)?
- a female person
- Antonym: 男 (otoko)
- (specifically) a woman, an adult female
- Antonym: 男 (otoko)
- a wife
- Synonyms: 妻 (tsuma), 女房 (nyōbō)
- a mistress, concubine
- Synonyms: 愛人 (aijin), 情婦 (jōfu), 妾 (mekake)
- a maid
- Synonyms: 下女 (gejo), 女中 (jochū)
- a prostitute
- Synonyms: 淫売婦 (inbaifu), 女郎 (jorō), 売春婦 (baishunfu), 遊女 (yūjo)
- a woman's appearance or quality
- a feminine object
- the object in a pairing which is smaller, gentler, etc. than the other
- (vulgar) girlfriend
- 人の女に手を出すな!
- Hito no onna ni te o dasuna!
- Don't you fuckin' dare touch someone else's girl!
- 人の女に手を出すな!
Derived terms
- 女し (onnashi)
- 女親 (onnaoya, “female parent”)
- 女形 (onnagata, “male actor in female role of kabuki”)
- 女神 (onnagami)
- 女子 (onnago)
- 女心 (onna-gokoro, “woman's mind”)
- 女坂 (onnazaka)
- 女手 (onnade, “female worker”)
- 女友達 (onna tomodachi, “girlfriend, female friend”)
- 男女 (otoko-onna)
- 彼女 (kanojo, “girlfriend”, literally “she”)
- 下種女 (gesu onna)
- 雪女 (yuki onna, “snowwoman”)
Idioms
- 女になる (onna ni naru)
- 女を上げる (onna o ageru)
Proverbs
- 女氏無くして玉の輿に乗る (onna ujinakushite tama no koshi ni noru)
- 女賢しくて牛売り損なう (onna sakashikute ushi urisokonau)
- 女三界に家なし (onna sangai ni ie nashi)
- 女三人寄れば姦しい (onna sannin yoreba kashimashī)
- 女の足駄にて造れる笛には秋の鹿寄る (onna no ashida ni te tsukureru fue ni wa aki no shika yoru)
- 女の一念岩をも通す (onna no ichinen iwa o mo tōsu)
- 女の髪の毛には大象も繫がる (onna no kami no ke ni wa taizō mo tsunagaru)
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
おみな Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /omina/
From Old Japanese.[3]
The initial /wo/ expressed "small, youth" and contrasted with /o/ "grown, old" (as in 嫗 (omina, “old woman”)), while the medial /mi/ is cognate with 女 (me, “female, woman”, see below). According to Frellesvig (2010), proto-Japonic /e/ became Old Japanese [je] in final position and [i] elsewhere; analogous with PJ /o/, which became OJ [wo] in final position and [u] elsewhere (though PJ /i/ and /u/ also existed, confer Old Japanese 火's two readings /po/ & /pu/ in Western & Eastern Old Japanese, respectively (Vovin, 2017)).
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) おみな [òmíná] (Heiban – [0])[2]
- (Tokyo) おみな [óꜜmìnà] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
- IPA(key): [o̞mʲina̠]
Noun
女 • (omina) ←をみな (womina)?
- (archaic) a young woman
- (archaic) a woman
Derived terms
- 女郎花 (ominaeshi), 女郎花 (ominameshi)
- 女神 (ominagami)
- 女髪長 (omina kaminaga)
- 女子 (ominago)
- 東女 (azuma-omina)
- 宮女 (miya-omina)
Proper noun
女 • (Omina) ←をみな (womina)?
- a female given name
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
め Grade: 1 |
kun’yomi |
⟨me1⟩ → */mʲe/ → /me/
From Old Japanese,[4][5] from Proto-Japonic *mya.
Appears to be distinct from 目 (⟨me2⟩ → me, “eye”).
Alternative forms
- (wife): 妻
- (female): 雌, 牝
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) め [méꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
- IPA(key): [me̞]
Noun
女 • (me)
- a woman
- Antonym: 男 (o)
- a wife
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[6]
- ...女の女にあづけてやしなはす。
- ...me no onna ni azukete yashinawasu.
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- ...女の女にあづけてやしなはす。
- Synonym: 妻 (tsuma)
- Antonym: 男 (o)
- c. 890, Taketori Monogatari (page 3)[6]
- a female
- Antonym: 男, 牡, 雄 (o)
Usage notes
Used more in compounds than on its own.
Derived terms
- 女女しい, 女々しい (memeshii, “unmanly, effeminate, sissy”)
- 姪 (mei, “niece”)
- 夫婦 (meoto, “man and wife, married couple”)
- 女親 (meoya, “mother”, archaic)
- 女神 (megami, “goddess”)
- 女瓦 (megawara)
- 女木 (megi, “female tree; lower or receiving piece of wood in a join”)
- 女君 (megimi): polite term for another person's wife or daughter
- 女子 (meko, “woman and child; girl”)
- 雌, 牝 (mesu, “female animal”)
- 女滝: in a waterfall with two cataracts, the smaller of the two
- 女竹 (medake)
- 娶る (metoru, “get married”)
- 女波 (menami): the smaller waves
- 婚く (memaku, “get married”)
- 女の子 (me no ko, “girl; woman”)
- 乳母 (menoto), 傅 (menoto, “nanny; wetnurse; foster parent”)
- 郎女 (iratsume): (archaic) an ancient term of endearment for referring to a woman or girl
- 浮かれ女, 浮女 (ukareme, “female entertainer or prostitute”)
- 采女 (uneme)
- 乙女 (otome, “maiden”)
- 姑 (shūtome, “mother-in-law”)
- 手弱女 (taoyame), 手弱女 (tawayame)
- 端女 (hashitame, “servant girl”)
- 姫 (hime, “princess”)
- 日孁, 日霊, 日女 (Hirume)
- 娘 (musume, “daughter”)
- 嫁 (yome, “bride”)
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
Grade: 1 |
irregular |
Alternative spelling |
---|
嬢 |
⟨womi1na⟩ → */womʲina/ → /womʉna/ → /woũna/ → /woːna/ → /oːna/
Variant shift from Old Japanese womina → omina (see above).
Noun
女 • (ōna) ←をうな (wouna)?
- (archaic) a young woman
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
Grade: 1 |
irregular |
/wonːa/ → /wona/ → /ona/
Shift from onna (see above).
Noun
女 • (ona) ←をな (wona)?
- (obsolete) a young woman
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
Grade: 1 |
irregular |
/wona/ → /wonaː/ → /onaː/
Long-pronounced form of ona (see above).
Noun
女 • (onā) ←をなあ (wonā)?
- (obsolete) a young woman
Etymology 7
Kanji in this term |
---|
女 |
じょ Grade: 1 |
kan’on |
/dɨo/ → /d͡ʑo/
From Middle Chinese 女 (MC ɳɨʌX, ɳɨʌH).
Noun
女 • (jo) ←ぢよ (dyo)?
- a woman, especially an actress or a prostitute
Proper noun
女 • (Jo) ←ぢよ (dyo)?
- (Chinese astronomy) the Girl constellation, one of the Twenty-Eight Mansions
- Synonyms: うるき星 (Urukiboshi), 女宿 (Joshuku)
Suffix
女 • (-jo) ←ぢよ (dyo)?
- (historical) suffixed to names of female figures in the Edo period
See also
- 雌 (mesu)
- 嫗 (onna)
- くノ一 (kunoichi)
References
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
- womina at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- mye at OxFord-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese
- Horiuchi, Hideaki; Ken Akiyama (1997) Taketori Monogatari, Ise Monogatari, Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
Korean
Wikisource
Etymology 1
From Middle Chinese 女 (MC ɳɨʌX, ɳɨʌH). Recorded as Middle Korean 녀 (nye) (Yale: nye) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja
女 (eumhun 계집 녀 (gyejip nyeo), South Korea 계집 여 (gyejip yeo))
- Hanja form? of 녀/여 (“female; woman”).
Compounds
- 여체 (女體, yeoche)
- 여인 (女人, yeoin)
- 여자 (女子, yeoja)
- 여장 (女裝, yeojang)
- 여진 (女眞, yeojin)
- 여성 (女性, yeoseong)
- 여신 (女神, yeosin)
- 여왕 (女王, yeowang)
- 여동생 (女同生, yeodongsaeng)
- 여학생 (女學生, yeohaksaeng)
- 차녀 (次女, chanyeo)
- 창녀 (娼女, changnyeo)
- 처녀 (處女, cheonyeo)
- 미녀 (美女, minyeo)
- 손녀 (孫女, sonnyeo)
- 소녀 (少女, sonyeo)
- 소녀 (小女, sonyeo)
- 수녀 (修女, sunyeo)
- 숙녀 (淑女, sungnyeo)
- 양녀 (養女, yangnyeo)
- 처녀막 (處女膜, cheonyeomak)
- 약혼녀 (約婚女, yakhonnyeo)
- 남존여비 (男尊女卑, namjonyeobi)
- 중남경녀 (重男輕女, jungnamgyeongnyeo)
Etymology 2
From Middle Chinese 女 / 汝 (MC ȵɨʌX).
Hanja
女 (eumhun 너 여 (neo yeo))
- (literary Chinese) Hanja form? of 여 (“you”).
References
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典.
Vietnamese
Han character
女: Hán Việt readings: nữ (
女: Nôm readings: nợ[1][2][3][6][4][5][7], nữa[1][2][3][4][5][7], nữ[1][2][6][4][7], nỡ[1][2][3][6], nớ[3][6][4][5], nhỡ[1][3][6], lỡ[2][3][6], nửa[1][3], nhớ[1], nự[3]
Compounds
- 宮女 (cung nữ)
- 腐女 (hủ nữ)
- 閨女 (khuê nữ)
- 嬌女 (kiều nữ)
- 伎女 (kỹ nữ)
- 烈女 (liệt nữ)
- 魔女 (ma nữ)
- 美女 (mĩ nữ)
- 男女 (nam nữ)
- 男女授受不親 (nam nữ thụ thụ bất thân)
- 男清女秀 (nam thanh nữ tú)
- 男食如虎,女食如貓 (nam thực như hổ, nữ thực như miêu)
- 男尊女卑 (nam tôn nữ ti)
- 玉女 (ngọc nữ)
- 一男曰有,一女曰無 (nhất nam viết hữu, thập nữ viết vô)
- 兒女 (nhi nữ)
- 女眞 (Nữ Chân)
- 女正 (nữ chính)
- 女工 (nữ công)
- 女界 (nữ giới)
- 女皇 (nữ hoàng)
- 女郎 (nữ lang)
- 女流 (nữ lưu)
- 女儿 (nữ nhi)
- 女娲 (Nữ Oa)
- 女權 (nữ quyền)
- 女士 (nữ sĩ)
- 女生 (nữ sinh)
- 女神 (nữ thần)
- 女性 (nữ tính)
- 女妝 (nữ trang)
- 女子 (nữ tử)
- 女將 (nữ tướng)
- 女王 (nữ vương)
- 婦女 (phụ nữ)
- 士女 (sĩ nữ)
- 侍女 (thị nữ)
- 少女 (thiếu nữ)
- 庶女 (thứ nữ)
- 淑女 (thục nữ)
- 賤女 (tiện nữ)
- 信女 (tín nữ)
- 素女 (tố nữ)
- 孫女 (Tôn Nữ)
- 貞女 (trinh nữ)
- 重男輕女 (trọng nam khinh nữ)
- 長女 (trưởng nữ)
Noun
女 • (nữ)
- chữ Hán form of nữ (“female”).
Adjective
女 • (nữ)
- chữ Hán form of nữ (“female”).
Prefix
女
- chữ Hán form of nữ (“female”).
Pronoun
女 • (nhữ)
- chữ Hán form of nhữ (“(obsolete) you”).
Noun
女 • (nợ)
- Nôm form of nợ (“debt”).
Verb
女 • (nợ)
- Nôm form of nợ (“to owe”).
Adverb
女 • (nữa)
- Nôm form of nữa (“more; further”).
References
- Nguyễn (2014).
- Nguyễn et al. (2009).
- Trần (2004).
- Bonet (1899).
- Génibrel (1898).
- Hồ (1976).
- Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).