塏

塏

See also: 垲

塏 U+584F, 塏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-584F ← 塎 [U+584E] CJK Unified Ideographs 塐 → [U+5850]

Translingual

Han character

塏 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土山一廿 (GUMT), four-corner 4211₈, composition ⿰土豈)

References

• KangXi: page 235, character 8
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5326
• Dae Jaweon: page 473, character 1
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 472, character 5
• Unihan data for U+584F

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Chinese

trad.		塏
simp.		垲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 塏
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (豈) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
獃	*tŋɯː, *ŋɯː
剴	*kŋɯːl, *ŋɯːl
凱	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
愷	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
塏	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
鎧	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
颽	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
暟	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ
闓	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯːls
豈	*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ
隑	*ɡɯːls, *ŋɯːl
皚	*ŋɯːl
嵦	*ŋɡɯːl
敳	*ŋɯːl
磑	*ŋɯːl, *ŋuːl, *ŋuːls
螘	*ŋralʔ, *ŋɯlʔ
覬	*krɯls
溰	*ŋɯl
顗	*ŋɯlʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 豈 (OC *ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ, *ŋ̊ʰɯlʔ).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
    • Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
    • Wade–Giles: kʻai³
    • Yale: kǎi
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
    • Palladius: кай (kaj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hoi²
    • Yale: hói
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hoi²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːi̯³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰʌi^X/

Rime
Character	塏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	咍 (41)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	苦亥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʌiX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰəiX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɒiX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəjX/
Li Rong	/kʰᴀiX/
Wang Li	/kʰɒiX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰɑ̆iX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	kǎi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰˤəjʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	塏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ khojX ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰˁəjʔ/
English	high and dry (place)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	塏
Reading #	1/1
No.	10104
Phonetic component	豈
Rime group	微
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	愷
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰɯːlʔ/

Definitions

塏

1. ^† high and dry (of place)

Compounds

塏塏／垲垲 (kǎikǎi)

爽塏／爽垲

References

• “塏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

塏

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. high and dry place

Readings

• On (unclassified): かい (kai); がい (gai)

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Korean

Hanja

塏 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae)

1. highland
2. high and dry place

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Vietnamese

Han character

塏: Hán Nôm readings: khải

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nom Foundation