厚

厚

厚 U+539A, 厚 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-539A ← 厙 [U+5399] CJK Unified Ideographs 厛 → [U+539B]

Translingual

Han character

Stroke order

厚 (Kangxi radical 27, 厂+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 一日弓木 (MAND), four-corner 7124₇, composition ⿸厂⿱日子)

References

• KangXi: page 161, character 26
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2949
• Dae Jaweon: page 368, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 72, character 6
• Unihan data for U+539A

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		厚
alternative forms		垕 𠩞 𠩰 𠪋 𫝗 垕 𠩞 𠩰 𠪋 𫝗 㫗

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 厚
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 厂 (“cliff; cave on a cliff”) + 𣆪 (“jug”). According to Shuowen, 𣆪 is an inverted 亯.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): hòu (hou⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): hou⁴

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): ху (hu, III)

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou, Jyutping): hau⁵

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): heu⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): heu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): hêu⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): hou³
• Min Bei (KCR): gè / hē
• Min Dong (BUC): gâu / hâiu
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): hiǒ / hō͘ / kǎu / kāu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gao⁶

• Wu (Wiktionary): hheu (T3)
• Xiang (Wiktionary): hou⁴ / hou⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: hòu
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hòu
    • Wade–Giles: hou⁴
    • Yale: hòu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: how
    • Palladius: хоу (xou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xoʊ̯⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: hou⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xou
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xəu²¹³/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: ху (hu, III)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xou⁴⁴/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hau⁵
    • Yale: háuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hau⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: heo⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐu̯¹³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: heu⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heu²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: heu
    • Hakka Romanization System: heu
    • Hagfa Pinyim: heu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /heu̯⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: hêu⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /heu⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: hou³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəu⁴⁵/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gè / hē
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ke⁴²/, /xe⁵⁵/

Note:

• gè - colloquial;
• hē - literary.

• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gâu / hâiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑu²⁴²/, /hɑu²⁴²/

Note:

• gâu - colloquial;
• hâiu - literary.

• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiǒ
    • Tâi-lô: hiǒ
    • IPA (Jinjiang): /hio³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hio²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘
    • Tâi-lô: hōo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: ho
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /hɔu³³/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kǎu
    • Tâi-lô: kǎu
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kau²²/
    • IPA (Jinjiang): /kau³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kāu
    • Tâi-lô: kāu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kau
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Singapore): /kau²²/
    • IPA (Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kau³³/

Note:

• hiǒ/hō͘ - literary;
• kǎu/kāu - vernacular.

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gao⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kău
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: hheu (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɦɜ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: hou⁴ / hou⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xəu⁴⁵/, /xəu²¹/

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• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 厚
Mandarin	Beijing	/xou⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xou⁵³/
	Tianjin	/xou⁵³/
	Jinan	/xou²¹/
	Qingdao	/xou⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xou³¹²/
	Xi'an	/xou⁴⁴/
	Xining	/xɯ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/xəu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xou¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xɤu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xəu³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xəu¹³/
	Guiyang	/xəu²¹³/
	Kunming	/xəu²¹²/
	Nanjing	/xəɯ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/xɯ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xəu⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xəu³⁵/
	Hohhot	/xəu⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦɤ²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦɤ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/gau³⁵/ /ɦau³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/xiu³⁵/
	Tunxi	/ɕiu²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xəu⁵⁵/ /xəu¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/ɦəɯ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/hɛu²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/heu⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/heu⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hɐu²³/
	Nanning	/hɐu²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/hɐu¹³/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/hɔ²²/ /kau²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kɑu²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ke⁴²/ /xe⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kau³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/hɔu³³/ /hɔu³⁵/ /kau³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /ɦəu^X/, /ɦəu^H/

Rime
Character	厚	厚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	侯 (137)	侯 (137)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	胡口切	胡遘切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦəuX/	/ɦəuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦəwX/	/ɦəwH/
Li Rong	/ɣuX/	/ɣuH/
Wang Li	/ɣəuX/	/ɣəuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣə̯uX/	/ɣə̯uH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hòu	hòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hau6	hau6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.[ɡ]ˤ(r)oʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡoːʔ/, /*ɡoːs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	厚
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	hòu
Middle Chinese	‹ huwX ›
Old Chinese	/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁ(r)oʔ/
English	thick
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	厚	厚
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	5176	5177
Phonetic component	厚	厚
Rime group	侯	侯
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	厚	𠋫
Old Chinese	/*ɡoːʔ/	/*ɡoːs/

Definitions

厚

1. thick

   厚棉被  ―  hòu miánbèi  ―  thick cotton quilt

2. large; substantial

   厚禮／厚礼  ―  hòulǐ  ―  lavish gift; generous gift

   • 道德不厚者不可以使民。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Dàodé bù hòu zhě bù kěyǐ shǐ mín. [Pinyin]

     He whose morality is not great cannot command the people.

   • 天高日月明，地厚草木生。 [Korean Literary Sinitic, trad.]

     From: 《推句》, circa 19th century

     Cheon go irweol myeong, ji hu chomok saeng. [Sino-Korean]

     The sky is high and the sun and moon are bright; the earth is large and trees and grass grow.

3. deep; profound

   深情厚誼／深情厚谊  ―  shēnqínghòuyì  ―  deep friendship

4. rich; strong

   酒味很厚  ―  jiǔ wèi hěn hòu  ―  the wine is strong

5. generous; kind

   寬厚／宽厚  ―  kuānhòu  ―  tolerant and generous

   仁厚  ―  rénhòu  ―  benevolent and generous

6. to favour

   厚此薄彼  ―  hòucǐbóbǐ  ―  to favour one and slight the other

7. thickness; depth

   • 天子之棺四重；水兕革棺被之，其厚三寸。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE

     Tiānzǐ zhī guān sìzhòng; shuǐ sì gé guān bèi zhī, qí hòu sān cùn. [Pinyin]

     The coffin of the son of Heaven is fourfold. The hides of a water-buffalo and a rhinoceros, overlapping each other, [form the first,] three inches in thickness.

8. (Min Nan) many; much
9. (～鎮) Hou (a town in Lantian, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 厚 (“thick”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		厚
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		厚
Mandarin	Beijing	厚
	Taiwan	厚
	Tianjin	厚
	Chengde	厚
	Tangshan	厚
	Cangzhou	厚
	Baoding	厚
	Shijiazhuang	厚
	Chifeng	厚
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	厚
	Heihe	厚
	Qiqihar	厚
	Harbin	厚
	Jiamusi	厚
	Baicheng	厚
	Changchun	厚
	Tonghua	厚
	Shenyang	厚
	Dandong	厚
	Jinzhou	厚
	Dalian	厚
	Yantai	厚
	Yantai (Muping)	厚
	Qingdao	厚
	Lijin	厚
	Zhucheng	厚
	Jinan	厚
	Jining	厚
	Luoyang	厚
	Wanrong	厚
	Shangqiu	厚
	Yuanyang	厚
	Zhengzhou	厚
	Lingbao	厚
	Xinyang	厚
	Baihe	厚
	Hanzhong	厚
	Xi'an	厚
	Baoji	厚
	Yinchuan	厚
	Tianshui	厚
	Lanzhou	厚
	Dunhuang	厚
	Xining	厚
	Hami	厚
	Ürümqi	厚
	Wuhan	厚
	Yichang	厚
	Xiangyang	厚
	Tianmen	厚
	Hong'an	厚
	Chengdu	厚
	Nanchong	厚
	Dazhou	厚
	Hanyuan	厚
	Xichang	厚
	Zigong	厚
	Chongqing	厚
	Guiyang	厚
	Bijie	厚
	Liping	厚
	Zhaotong	厚
	Dali	厚
	Kunming	厚
Mengzi	厚
Guilin	厚
Liuzhou	厚
Jishou	厚
Changde	厚
Anqing	厚
Xuzhou	厚
Fuyang	厚
Wuhu	厚
Yangzhou	厚
Lianyungang	厚
Lianshui	厚
Nanjing	厚
Hefei	厚
Nantong	厚
Cantonese	Guangzhou	厚
	Hong Kong	厚
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	賁
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	賁
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	賁
	Yangjiang	厚
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	厚
	Bangkok (Guangfu)	厚
Gan	Nanchang	厚
	Lichuan	厚
	Pingxiang	厚
Hakka	Meixian	賁
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	賁
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	賁
	Wuhua (Changbu)	賁
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	賁
	Jiexi	賁
	Luhe	賁
	Yudu	厚
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	賁
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	賁
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	賁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	賁
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	賁
	Hong Kong	賁
	Senai (Huiyang)	賁
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	賁
	Singkawang	賁
	Bangkok (Fengshun)	賁
	Bangkok (Jiexi)	賁
Huizhou	Shexian	厚
Jin	Taiyuan	厚
	Yangyuan	厚
	Datong	厚
	Xinzhou	厚
	Lishi	厚
	Linfen	厚
	Changzhi	厚
	Linhe	厚
	Jining	厚
	Hohhot	厚
	Erenhot	厚
	Pingshan	厚
	Zhangjiakou	厚
	Handan	厚
	Linzhou	厚
	Suide	厚
Min Bei	Jian'ou	厚
Min Dong	Fuzhou	厚
Min Nan	Xiamen	厚
	Chaozhou	厚
	Bangkok (Teochew)	厚
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	厚
	Haikou	厚
Wu	Shanghai	厚
	Shanghai (Chongming)	厚
	Suzhou	厚
	Danyang	厚
	Hangzhou	厚
	Ningbo	厚
	Wenzhou	厚
	Jinhua	厚
Xiang	Changsha	厚
	Shuangfeng	厚

Antonyms

• 薄 (bó, “thin”)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (厚):

• → Korean: 후(厚) (hu)

Compounds

Derived terms from 厚

交厚 (jiāohòu) 仁厚 (rénhòu) 厚交 厚今薄古 厚利 (hòulì) 厚厚敦敦 厚古薄今 (hòugǔbójīn) 厚味 (hòuwèi) 厚坪 (Hòupíng) 厚墩墩 厚度 (hòudù) 厚彼薄此 厚待 (hòudài) 厚德 (hòudé) 厚恩 (hòu'ēn) 厚情 厚意 (hòuyì) 厚望 (hòuwàng) 厚此薄彼 (hòucǐbóbǐ) 厚生 (hòushēng) 厚生省 厚皮香 厚秩 厚糈 厚葬 (hòuzàng) 厚薄 (hòubó) 厚貌深情 厚遇 (hòuyù) 厚道 (hòudào) 厚酬 厚重 (hòuzhòng) 和厚 坤厚 (Kūnhòu) 多藏厚亡 天高地厚 (tiāngāodìhòu) 宅心仁厚 宅心忠厚 富厚 嵩厚 德厚

德厚流光 忠厚 (zhōnghòu) 憨厚 (hānhòu) 才高行厚 扳厚 敦厚 (dūnhòu) 未可厚非 民淳俗厚 沉厚 沉厚寡言 深厚 (shēnhòu) 淳厚 (chúnhòu) 相厚 膏粱厚味 薄厚 (bóhòu) 醇厚 (chúnhòu) 重厚 重厚少文 雄厚 (xiónghòu) 面皮厚 高天厚地 高情厚意 厚朴 (hòupò) 優厚／优厚 (yōuhòu) 卑禮厚幣／卑礼厚币 卑辭厚禮／卑辞厚礼 厚味臘毒／厚味腊毒 厚壁組織／厚壁组织 厚實／厚实 (hòushi) 厚德載物／厚德载物 (hòudézàiwù) 厚德載福／厚德载福 厚愛／厚爱 (hòu'ài) 厚擾／厚扰 厚澤／厚泽 (hòuzé) 厚祿／厚禄 (hòulù) 厚祿高官／厚禄高官 厚禮／厚礼 (hòulǐ) 厚臉皮／厚脸皮 (hòu liǎnpí) 厚誣／厚诬 厚誼／厚谊

厚貺／厚贶 厚載／厚载 厚顏／厚颜 (hòuyán) 厚顏無恥／厚颜无耻 (hòuyánwúchǐ) 厚黑學／厚黑学 (hòuhēixué) 含蓄渾厚／含蓄浑厚 官高祿厚／官高禄厚 寬厚／宽厚 (kuānhòu) 尊官厚祿／尊官厚禄 席豐履厚／席丰履厚 幣厚言甘／币厚言甘 得天獨厚／得天独厚 (détiāndúhòu) 忠厚老實／忠厚老实 樸厚／朴厚 深情厚誼／深情厚谊 (shēnqínghòuyì) 渾厚／浑厚 (húnhòu) 溫厚／温厚 (wēnhòu) 溫柔敦厚／温柔敦厚 濃厚／浓厚 (nónghòu) 無可厚非／无可厚非 (wúkěhòufēi) 爛忠厚／烂忠厚 甘言厚幣／甘言厚币 甘言厚禮／甘言厚礼 積厚流光／积厚流光 節用厚生／节用厚生 篤厚／笃厚 (dǔhòu) 純厚／纯厚 臉皮厚／脸皮厚 親厚／亲厚 (qīnhòu) 謙厚／谦厚 謙恭厚道／谦恭厚道 謹厚／谨厚 豐功厚利／丰功厚利 豐厚／丰厚 (fēnghòu) 質直渾厚／质直浑厚 高位厚祿／高位厚禄 (gāowèihòulù) 高官厚祿／高官厚禄 (gāoguānhòulù) 高情厚愛／高情厚爱 高情厚誼／高情厚谊 高爵厚祿／高爵厚禄

References

• “厚”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

厚

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. thick
2. heavy
3. kind

Readings

• Go-on: ぐ (gu)
• Kan-on: こう (kō, Jōyō)
• Kun: あつい (atsui, 厚い, Jōyō); あつ (atsu); あか (aka)
• Nanori: あ (a); あっ (a')

Compounds

• 温(おん)厚(こう) (onkō)
• 厚(こう)顔(がん)無(む)恥(ち) (kōganmuchi)
• 深(しん)厚(こう) (shinkō)
• 厚(こう)生(せい) (kōsei)
• 厚(こう)労(ろう)省(しょう) (kōrōshō)
• 厚(こう)労(ろう)相(しょう) (kōrōshō)
• 氷(ひょう)厚(こう) (hyōkō)
• 厚(あつ)紙(がみ) (atsugami)

Proper noun

厚(あつし) • (Atsushi) 

1. a male given name

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Korean

Hanja

厚 (eum 후 (hu))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

厚: Hán Nôm readings: hậu

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.