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单词 南
释义

南

南 U+5357, 南
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5357
← 卖
[U+5356]		CJK Unified Ideographs単 →
[U+5358]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

南 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+7, 9 strokes, cangjie input 十月廿十 (JBTJ), four-corner 40227, composition ⿱十⿵冂𢆉)

Derived characters

  • 㑲, 㓓, 喃, 𡎜, 婻, 𪩂, 㣮, 揇, 湳, 暔, 腩, 楠, 煵, 遖, 䊖, 䋻(䌾), 蝻, 諵, 𨂾, 𨡯, 𨩇, 𠄼, 献, 𢆥, 𦣰, 萳, 罱, 䈒

References

  • KangXi: page 157, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2750
  • Dae Jaweon: page 357, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 65, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5357

Chinese

simp. and trad.
南
2nd round simp.⿱十冂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 南
ShangWestern ZhouSpring and AutumnWarring StatesShuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone scriptBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsBronze inscriptionsChu slip and silk scriptQin slip scriptAncient scriptSmall seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (南) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
南*nuːm
楠*nuːm
腩*nuːmʔ
湳*nuːmʔ
揇*nuːmʔ
萳*nuːmʔ
罱*ruːmʔ
喃*rnuːm
諵*rnuːm, *rnuːms

This character has been explained as a pictogram (象形) of a hanging percussion instrument, originally identical to the left side of 㱿. Under this hypothesis its borrowing for the word “south” is difficult to explain.

Sagart (1988) instead proposes that it is a pictogram of the front of a house. Archaeological evidence confirms that in antiquity, at least in some regions, houses were built to face south.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-nam (“sky, sun”) (STEDT; Schuessler (2007); Benedict (1972)); the south is traditionally associated with the sun & light, compare 陽 (OC *laŋ, “light, sun-lit south-side of a hill”).

If so, cognate with Tibetan གནམ (gnam, “sky”), ནམ (nam, “night”), Tshangla ngam (“sun, noon, day, sky”), Chepang न्‍याम्‌ (nyam, “sun, sunlight, storm-cloud, weather”).

Alternatively, Sagart (2004) relates this word to Old Chinese *nɨm (revised to *nˤ[ə]m in 2014) "belly, front of the body", further "south" to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-nam (“rib(s)”), as one term for one body-part often shifts its meaning to another body-part nearby.

If so, 南 is cognate with 妊 (OC *njɯms, “to carry inside one's belly → to be pregnant”), 任 (OC *njɯm, *njɯms, “to carry a burden, especially in front of the body”), also 腩 (OC *nuːmʔ, “belly (of an ox)”), Southern Pumi nõ⁵⁵, Burmese နံရိုး (nam-rui:, “side of the body, rib”), and thus is a semantic counterpart to 北 (OC *pɯːɡ, “north”), which is related to 背 (OC *pɯːɡs, *bɯːɡs, “back of the body”).

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): nán (nan2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, SP): nan2
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): нан (nan, I)
  • Cantonese
    (Guangzhou, Jyutping): naam4
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam3
  • Gan (Wiktionary): lan4
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): nàm
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nam2
  • Jin (Wiktionary): nan1
  • Min Bei (KCR): nâng
  • Min Dong (BUC): nàng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): lâm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lam5 / nam5 / nang5
  • Wu (Wiktionary): noe (T3)
  • Xiang (Wiktionary): lan2
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: nán
      • Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: nán
      • Wade–Giles: nan2
      • Yale: nán
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nan
      • Palladius: нань (nanʹ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nän³⁵/
    • (Chengdu)
      • Sichuanese Pinyin: nan2
      • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lan
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nan²¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: нан (nan, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /næ̃²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: naam4
      • Yale: nàahm
      • Cantonese Pinyin: naam4
      • Guangdong Romanization: nam4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /naːm²¹/
    • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
      • Wiktionary: nam3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ⁿdam²²/
  • Gan
    • (Nanchang)
      • Wiktionary: lan4
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lan³⁵/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàm
      • Hakka Romanization System: namˇ
      • Hagfa Pinyim: nam2
      • Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: nam2
      • Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹/
  • Jin
    • (Taiyuan)+
      • Wiktionary: nan1
      • Sinological IPA (old-style): /næ̃¹¹/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: nâng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /naŋ³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: nàng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nˡaŋ⁵³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm
      • Tâi-lô: lâm
      • Phofsit Daibuun: laam
      • IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³/
      • IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: lam5 / nam5 / nang5
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm / nâm / nâng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /lam⁵⁵/, /nam⁵⁵/, /naŋ⁵⁵/
Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
  • nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang;
  • nang5 - Chenghai.
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: noe (T3)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nø²³/
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: lan2
      • Sinological IPA (key): /l̃an¹³/
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation
edit
南
MandarinBeijing/nan³⁵/
Harbin/nan²⁴/
Tianjin/nan⁴⁵/
Jinan/nã⁴²/
Qingdao/nã⁴²/
Zhengzhou/nan⁴²/
Xi'an/nã²⁴/
Xining/nã²⁴/
Yinchuan/nan⁵³/
Lanzhou/lɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi/nan⁵¹/
Wuhan/nan²¹³/
Chengdu/nan³¹/
Guiyang/nan²¹/
Kunming/nã̠³¹/
Nanjing/laŋ²⁴/
Hefei/læ̃⁵⁵/
JinTaiyuan/næ̃¹¹/
Pingyao/nɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot/næ̃³¹/
WuShanghai/nø²³/
Suzhou/nø¹³/
Hangzhou/nẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou/nø³¹/
HuiShexian/lɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi/lɔ⁴⁴/
XiangChangsha/lan¹³/
Xiangtan/nan¹²/
GanNanchang/lan⁴⁵/
HakkaMeixian/nam¹¹/
Taoyuan/nɑm¹¹/
CantoneseGuangzhou/nam²¹/
Nanning/nam²¹/
Hong Kong/nam²¹/
MinXiamen (Min Nan)/lam³⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong)/naŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Min Bei)/naŋ³³/
Shantou (Min Nan)/nam⁵⁵/
Haikou (Min Nan)/nam³¹/
  • Middle Chinese: /nʌm/
Rime
Character南
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)泥 (8)
Final (韻)覃 (159)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)I
Fanqie那含切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/nʌm/
Pan
Wuyun		/nəm/
Shao
Rongfen		/nɒm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/nəm/
Li
Rong		/nᴀm/
Wang
Li		/nɒm/
Bernard
Karlgren		/năm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		nán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		naam4
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character南
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		nán
Middle
Chinese		‹ nom ›
Old
Chinese		/*nˁ[ə]m/
Englishsouth

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character南
Reading #1/1
No.9355
Phonetic
component		南
Rime
group		侵
Rime
subdivision		2
Corresponding
MC rime		南
Old
Chinese		/*nuːm/

Definitions

南

  1. south; southern

Coordinate terms

  • (compass points) 方位;
西北北東北／东北
西東／东
西南南東南／东南

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (南):
  • → Japanese: 南(なん) (nan)
  • → Okinawan: 南 (なん) (nan)
  • → Korean: 남(南) (nam)
  • → Vietnamese: nam (南)

Others:

  • → Japanese: 南(ナン) (nan, “south wind (mahjong tile)”)

Compounds

Derived terms

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nā, ná (na1, na2)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄚ, ㄋㄚˊ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): naa1
  • Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): na1
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: nā
      • Zhuyin: ㄋㄚ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: na
      • Wade–Giles: na1
      • Yale: nā
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nha
      • Palladius: на (na)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nä⁵⁵/
    • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: ná
      • Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˊ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: ná
      • Wade–Giles: na2
      • Yale: ná
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: na
      • Palladius: на (na)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /nä³⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: naa1
      • Yale: nā
      • Cantonese Pinyin: naa1
      • Guangdong Romanization: na1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /naː⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: na1
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: na
      • Sinological IPA (key): /na³³/

Definitions

南

  1. Only used in 南無／南无 (nāmó).

References

  • “南”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學／香港中文大学 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

南

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • Go-on: なん (nan, Jōyō)←なん (nan, historical)←なむ (namu, ancient)
  • Kan-on: だん (dan)←だん (dan, historical)←だむ (damu, ancient)
  • Kan’yō-on: な (na, Jōyō †)
  • Kun: みなみ (minami, 南, Jōyō)
  • Nanori: あけ (ake); なみ (nami); は (ha); みな (mina); みまみ (mimami); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

Compounds
  • 南無(なむ) (namu), 南無(なも) (namo)
  • 南瓜(カボチャ) (kabocha)
  • 南風(はえ) (hae)
  • 南(みな)方(かた) (Minakata)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
南
みなみ
Grade: 2
kun’yomi

⟨mi1nami1⟩ → */mʲinamʲɨ/ → /minami/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Tokyo) みなみ [mìnámí] (Heiban – [0])[1][2]
    • IPA(key): [mʲina̠mʲi]

(Can we verify(+) this pronunciation?)

  • Kun’yomi
    • (Kyoto) み​なみ [míꜜnàmì] (Atamadaka – [1])
    • IPA(key): [mʲina̠mʲi]
  • Kun’yomi
    • (Kagoshima) みな​み [mìnáꜜmì] (Nakadaka – [2])
    • IPA(key): [mʲi̥na̠mʲi̥]

Noun

南(みなみ) • (minami) 

  1. the south (cardinal point)
    • c. 762, Shōsōin Man'yōgana Monjo[3]
      和可夜之奈比乃可波利爾波(わがやしなひのかはりには)、於保末之末須(おほまします)、美奈美(みなみ)乃末知奈流(のまちなる)奴(やつこ)乎宇氣與止(をうけよと)... [Man'yōgana]
      我(わ)が養(やしな)ひの代(かは)りには、おほ坐(ま)します、南(みなみ)の街(まち)なる奴(やつこ)を受(う)けよと... [Modern spelling]
      waga yashinai no kawari ni wa, ōmashimasu, minami no machi naru yatsuko o ukeyo to...
      (please add an English translation of this example)
    Antonym: 北 (kita)
  2. a southerly, south wind
    Synonym: 南風 (minamikaze, hae)
    Antonym: 北 (kita)
Coordinate terms
  • (compass points) 方角(ほうがく) (hōgaku);
西北(せいほく) (seihoku)
北西(ほくせい) (hokusei)		北(きた) (kita)東北(とうほく) (tōhoku)
北東(ほくとう) (hokutō)
西(にし) (nishi)東(ひがし) (higashi)
西南(せいなん) (seinan)
南西(なんせい) (nansei)		南(みなみ) (minami)東南(とうなん) (tōnan)
南東(なんとう) (nantō)
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 南(みなみ)風(かぜ) (minamikaze)
  • 南(みなみ)側(がわ) (minamigawa)
  • 南(みなみ)殿(どの) (minamidono)
  • 南(ミナミ)鮪(マグロ) (minami maguro)
  • 東(ひがし)南(みなみ) (higashi-minami)
  • 西(にし)南(みなみ) (nishi-minami)
  • 真(ま)南(みなみ) (ma-minami)

Proper noun

南(みなみ) • (Minami) 

  1. (historical) the red-light district in modern-day Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo (as it was located south of Edo Castle)
  2. the name of a ward in various cities throughout Japan, especially a former ward in the city of Osaka which is now part of Chūō Ward
  3. a female given name
  4. a surname

Verb

南(みなみ)する • (minami suru) suru (stem 南(みなみ)し (minami shi), past 南(みなみ)した (minami shita))

  1. (archaic) to go south
    • 1789, Seikashū (haikai by Takai Kitō)
      紅楓(もみぢ)深(ふか)し、みなみし西(にし)す、水(みづ)の隅(すみ)
      momiji fukashi, minami shi nishi su, mizu no sumi
      (please add an English translation of this example)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "南する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)南しみなみしminami shi
Continuative (連用形)南しみなみしminami shi
Terminal (終止形)南するみなみするminami suru
Attributive (連体形)南するみなみするminami suru
Hypothetical (仮定形)南すれみなみすれminami sure
Imperative (命令形)南せよ¹
南しろ²		みなみせよ¹
みなみしろ²		minami seyo¹
minami shiro²
Key constructions
Passive南されるみなみされるminami sareru
Causative南させる
南さす		みなみさせる
みなみさす		minami saseru
minami sasu
Potential南できるみなみできるminami dekiru
Volitional南しようみなみしようminami shiyō
Negative南しないみなみしないminami shinai
Negative continuative南せずみなみせずminami sezu
Formal南しますみなみしますminami shimasu
Perfective南したみなみしたminami shita
Conjunctive南してみなみしてminami shite
Hypothetical conditional南すればみなみすればminami sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

Classical conjugation of "南す" (サ行変格活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)南せみなみせminamise
Continuative (連用形)南しみなみしminamisi
Terminal (終止形)南すみなみすminamisu
Attributive (連体形)南するみなみするminamisuru
Realis (已然形)南すれみなみすれminamisure
Imperative (命令形)南せよみなみせよminamiseyo
Key constructions
Negative南せずみなみせずminamisezu
Contrasting conjunction南すれどみなみすれどminamisuredo
Causal conjunction南すればみなみすればminamisureba
Conditional conjunction南せばみなみせばminamiseba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)南しきみなみしきminamisiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)南しけりみなみしけりminamisikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)南しつみなみしつminamisitu
Perfect tense (natural event)南しぬみなみしぬminamisinu
Perfect-continuative tense南せり
南したり		みなみせり
みなみしたり		minamiseri
minamisitari
Volitional南せむみなみせむminamisemu

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
南
みんなみ
Grade: 2
irregular

/minami/ → /minːami/

Appears in The Pillow Book, completed in 1002.

Alteration of minami.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Irregular reading)
    • (Tokyo) みんなみ [mìńnámí] (Heiban – [0])[2]
    • IPA(key): [mʲĩnːa̠mʲi]

Noun

南(みんなみ) • (minnami) 

  1. (archaic) the south

Proper noun

南(みんなみ) • (Minnami) 

  1. (historical, archaic) the red-light district in modern-day Shinagawa Ward, Tokyo

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
南
なん
Grade: 2
goon

/namʉ/ → /naɴ/

From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nʌm).

Noun

南(なん) • (nan) 

  1. the south
    Synonym: 南方 (nanpō)
  2. Short for 南鐐 (nanryō): beautiful silver; a type of silver coin in the Edo period
Derived terms
  • 南(なん)南(なん)西(せい) (nan-nansei)
  • 南(なん)南(なん)東(とう) (nan-nantō)

Affix

南(なん) • (nan) 

  1. south, southern
  2. Used in Sanskrit transliterations
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 南(なん)下(か) (nanka)
  • 南(なん)柯(か) (nanka)
  • 南(なん)極(きょく) (nankyoku)
  • 南(なん)国(こく) (nankoku), 南(なん)国(ごく) (nangoku)
  • 南(なん)端(たん) (nantan)
  • 南(なん)挺(てい), 南(なん)廷(てい), 南(なん)庭(てい) (nantei)
  • 南(なん)殿(でん) (nanden), 南(な)殿(でん) (naden)
  • 南蛮(なんばん) (nanban)
  • 南(なん)部(ぶ) (nanbu)
  • 南(なん)風(ぷう) (nanpū)
  • 南(なん)方(ぽう) (nanpō)
  • 南(なん)北(ぼく) (nanboku)
  • 南(なん)洋(よう) (nan'yō)
  • 南(なん)鐐(りょう) (nanryō)
  • 以(い)南(なん) (inan)
  • 江(こう)南(なん) (kōnan)
  • 指(し)南(なん) (shinan)
  • 周(しゅう)南(なん) (Shūnan)
  • 西(せい)南(なん) (seinan)
  • 東(とう)南(なん) (tōnan)
  • 洛(らく)南(なん) (rakunan)

Proper noun

南(なん) • (Nan) 

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
南
なん
Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin 南 (nán).

Noun

南(ナン) • (nan) 

  1. (mahjong) south wind (mahjong tile)
    Hypernym: 風牌 (kazehai, fanpai)
  2. (mahjong) a 役 (yaku, “winning hand”) with a triplet or quad of south wind tiles; depending on wind round and player's seat wind, it is worth either 1 or 2 翻 (han, “doubles”)
    Hypernym: 役牌 (yakuhai, yaku-pai)
Coordinate terms
  • 風(かぜ)牌(ハイ) (kazehai, “wind tiles”): 東(トン) (ton, “east wind”), 南(ナン) (nan, “south wind”), 西(シャー) (shā, “west wind”), 北(ペー) (pē, “north wind”)

Etymology 5

Kanji in this term
南
みなん
Grade: 2
irregular

Shift from standard Japanese minami, dropping the final vowel and keeping the nasal.

  • /minami/ → /minaɴ/

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mʲinã̠ɴ]

Noun

南(みなん) • (minan) 

  1. (dialect, Kagoshima) south (cardinal point)

References

  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
  3. Takeuchi, Rizō (1962) Nara Ibun: Volume 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō Shuppan, →ISBN.

Korean

Etymology 1

From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nʌm).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448남 (Yale: nàm)
Middle Korean
TextEumhun
Gloss (hun)Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527앏 (Yale: àlp)남 (Yale: nàm)
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576남녁 (Yale: namnyek)
앏 (Yale: alp)		남 (Yale: nam)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠m]
  • Phonetic hangul: [남]

Hanja

Wikisource南 (eumhun 남녘 남 (namnyeok nam))

  1. Hanja form? of 남 (“south; southern”).

Compounds

Compounds
  • 강남 (江南, Gangnam)
  • 남극 (南極, namgeuk)
  • 남반구 (南半球, Namban'gu)
  • 남부 (南部, nambu)
  • 남한 (南韓, Namhan)
  • 월남 (越南, Wollam)
  • 통미봉남 (通美封南, tongmibongnam)

Pronunciation

  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [나]

Hanja

南 (eumhun 나무 나 (namu na))

  1. Hanja form? of 나 (“Only used in 나무 (南無, namu)”).

References

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

Okinawan

Alternative forms

Kanji in this term
南
ふぇー
Grade: 2
kun’yomi
  • 南風

Kanji

南

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • On: なん (nan)
  • Kun: ふぇー (fē, 南)

Compounds

  • 南 (なん)瓜 (くゎー) (nankwā)
  • 南蛮 (なんばん) (nanban)

Etymology

Cognate to Yonaguni 南 (hai, “south, southerly”) and western Japanese 南風 (hae, “southerly winds”).

Pronunciation

  • (Shuri-Naha) ふぇー [fèé] (Heiban - [0])
  • IPA(key): [ɸeː]

Noun

南 (hiragana ふぇー, rōmaji fē)

  1. the south (cardinal point)
  2. a southerly (wind blowing from the south)

Derived terms

  • 南 (ふぇー)風 (かじ) (fēkaji)

References

    • “ふぇー【南・南風】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Old Japanese

    Noun

    南 (mi1nami1) (kana みなみ)

    1. the south (cardinal point)
    2. a southerly (wind blowing from the south)
      • c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 18, poem 4106), text here
        ...南吹雪消益而射水河流水沫能余留弊奈美...
        ...mi1nami1 puki1 yuki1ke2 *masarite Imi1du-gapa nagaru mi1nawa no2 yo2ru pe1 nami1...
        (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Usage notes

    Also used in the Man'yōshū (759 CE) as 借音 (shakuon) kana for ⟨na⟩ and 借訓 (shakkun) kana for ⟨namu⟩.

    Descendants

    • Japanese: 南 (minami)

    Tày

    Noun

    南 (nam)

    1. Nôm form of nam (“south”).

    References

    • Lục Văn Pảo; Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003), Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    南: Hán Nôm readings: nam

    Adjective

    南 • (nam)

    1. south, southern

    References

    • Lê Sơn Thanh, "Nom-Viet.dat", WinVNKey (details)

    Yonaguni

    Kanji

    南

    Readings

    • Kun: はい (hai)

    Etymology

    Cognate to Okinawan 南 (fē, “south, southerly”) and western Japanese 南風 (hae, “southerly winds”).

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [hai]

    Noun

    南 (hiragana はい, romaji hai)

    1. the south (cardinal point)
    2. a southerly (wind blowing from the south)

    References

    • “はい【南・南風】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Zhuang

    Proper noun

    南

    1. Sawndip form of namz
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