卑彌呼

卑彌呼

See also: 卑弥呼

Chinese

		phonetic
trad. (卑彌呼)		卑	彌	呼
simp. (卑弥呼)		卑	弥	呼

Etymology

Tsunoda (1951) proposes that this is borrowed from Old Japanese 姬子 (Pi₁me₁ko₁, literally “princess child”).[1]

For other alternative proposals see relevant Wikipedia article.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Bēimíhū

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄟ ㄇㄧˊ ㄏㄨ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Bēimíhū
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄟ ㄇㄧˊ ㄏㄨ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Beimíhu
    • Wade–Giles: Pei¹-mi²-hu¹
    • Yale: Bēi-mí-hū
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Beimihu
    • Palladius: Бэймиху (Bɛjmixu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peɪ̯⁵⁵ mi³⁵ xu⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: /piᴇ  miᴇ  huo/

Rime
Character	卑	彌	呼
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	明 (4)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	支 (11)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	I
Fanqie	府移切	武移切	荒烏切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piᴇ/	/miᴇ/	/huo/
Pan Wuyun	/piɛ/	/miɛ/	/huo/
Shao Rongfen	/pjɛ/	/mjɛ/	/xo/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/piə̆/	/miə̆/	/hɔ/
Li Rong	/pie/	/mie/	/xo/
Wang Li	/pǐe/	/mǐe/	/xu/
Bernard Karlgren	/pie̯/	/mie̯/	/xuo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bī	mí	hū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei1	mei4	fu1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pe  m-nə[r]|m-nə[r]ʔ  qʰˤa|qʰˤa-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pe  mnel  qʰaː/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	卑	卑	彌	彌	呼	呼
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bēi	bēi	mí	mí	hū	hù
Middle Chinese	‹ pjie ›	‹ pjie ›	‹ mjie ›	‹ mjieX ›	‹ xu ›	‹ xuH ›
Old Chinese	/*pe/	/*pe/	/*m-nə[r]/	/*m-nə[r]ʔ/	/*qʰˁa/	/*qʰˁa-s/
English	low, humble	鮮卑 *s[a]r.pe Xiānbēi	to complete	stop	call out, shout	call out, shout
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	卑	彌	呼
Reading #	1/1	1/1	1/1
No.	368	2808	5181
Phonetic component	卑	爾	乎
Rime group	支	歌	魚
Rime subdivision	0	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	卑	彌	呼
Old Chinese	/*pe/	/*mnel/	/*qʰaː/

Proper noun

卑彌呼

1. (historical) Himiko, a semi-legendary queen of Yamatai in ancient Japan

   • 其國本亦以男子為王，住七八十年，倭國亂，相攻伐歷年，乃共立一女子為王，名曰卑彌呼，……。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
     其国本亦以男子为王，住七八十年，倭国乱，相攻伐历年，乃共立一女子为王，名曰卑弥呼，……。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]

     From: Chen Shou, Records of the Three Kingdoms, circa 3^rd century CE

     Qí guó běn yì yǐ nánzǐ wèi wáng, zhù qī bāshí nián, Wōguó luàn, xiàng gōngfá lìnián, nǎi gòng lì yī nǚzǐ wèi wáng, míng yuē Bēimíhū,....... [Pinyin]

     The country formerly had a man as ruler. For some seventy or eighty years after that there were disturbances and warfare. Thereupon the people agreed upon a woman for their ruler. Her name was Himiko. [...].

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (卑彌呼):

• → Japanese: 卑弥呼(ひみこ) (Himiko)

References

1. Tsunoda, Ryūsaku (translator), (1951). Japan in the Chinese Dynastic Histories: Later Han Through Ming Dynasties, edited by Goodrich, Carrington C. South Pasadena: PD and Ione Perkins. p. 5