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单词 勝
释义

勝

See also: 胜
勝 U+52DD, 勝
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52DD
← 勜
[U+52DC]		CJK Unified Ideographs勞 →
[U+52DE]

Translingual

Han character

勝 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月火手尸 (BFQS), four-corner 79227, composition ⿰月劵)

Derived characters

  • 橳, 蕂, 𤺩, 𩦜, 𩻷, 𪓺
  • 胜 (Simplified Chinese)

References

  • KangXi: page 148, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2409
  • Dae Jaweon: page 335, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2090, character 13
  • Unihan data for U+52DD

Chinese

trad.勝
simp.胜*

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (朕) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
黱*l'ɯːs
朕*l'ɯmʔ
鰧*l'ɯmʔ, *l'ɯːŋ
螣*l'ɯmʔ, *l'ɯːŋ, *l'ɯːɡ
栚*l'ɯmʔ
眹*l'ɯnʔ
騰*l'ɯːŋ
滕*l'ɯːŋ
縢*l'ɯːŋ
儯*l'ɯːŋ
幐*l'ɯːŋ, *l'ɯːŋs
藤*l'ɯːŋ
謄*l'ɯːŋ
膡*l'ɯːŋ, *hljɯŋs, *lɯŋs
籐*l'ɯːŋ
勝*hljɯŋ, *hljɯŋs
蕂*hljɯŋs
榺*hljɯŋs
塍*ɦljɯŋ
媵*ljɯŋs, *lɯŋs
賸*ɦljɯŋs, *lɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljɯŋ, *hljɯŋs) : phonetic 朕 (OC *l'ɯmʔ) + semantic 力 (“strength”).

Graphically, the character decomposes as 月 + 劵 (which gives rise to the simplified form 胜), though this is not the etymology.

Pronunciation 1

  • Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shèng, shēng
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ, ㄕㄥ
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): sing1
  • Min Dong (BUC): sĭng
  • Min Nan (POJ): seng
  • Wu (Wiktionary): sen (T1)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
      • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
      • Wade–Giles: shêng4
      • Yale: shèng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
      • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
    • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shēng
      • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: sheng
      • Wade–Giles: shêng1
      • Yale: shēng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheng
      • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sing1
      • Yale: sīng
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sing1
      • Guangdong Romanization: xing1
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siŋ⁵⁵/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
      • Tâi-lô: sing
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
      • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: sen (T1)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /səɲ⁵³/
  • Middle Chinese: /ɕɨŋ/
Rime
Character勝
Reading #1/2
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)蒸 (133)
Tone (調)Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie識蒸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕiŋ/
Li
Rong		/ɕiəŋ/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ɕi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shēng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		sing1
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥əŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character勝
Reading #1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shēng
Middle
Chinese		‹ sying ›
Old
Chinese		/*l̥əŋ/
Englishequal to, capable of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character勝
Reading #1/2
No.17127
Phonetic
component		朕
Rime
group		蒸
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		升
Old
Chinese		/*hljɯŋ/

Definitions

勝

  1. to be able to bear; to be able to withstand
    不勝負荷／不胜负荷  ―  bùshēngfùhé  ―  unable to withstand the load
    • 我欲乘風歸去，又恐瓊樓玉宇，高處不勝寒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      我欲乘风归去，又恐琼楼玉宇，高处不胜寒。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: 蘇軾 《水調歌頭》; translation by Hugh Grigg
      Wǒ yù chéng fēng guīqù, yòu kǒng qiónglóuyùyǔ, gāochù bù shēng hán. [Pinyin]
      I wish to ride the wind and return there, yet fear the jade towers; in a high dwelling one cannot bear the cold.
  2. to be equal to; to match
  3. exhaustively; entirely; completely
    不可勝數／不可胜数  ―  bùkěshēngshǔ  ―  too numerous to count
  4. Alternative form of 升 (shēng, “unit of measure for grain volumes”).
  5. Alternative form of 伸 (shēn, “to stretch”).

Compounds

Derived terms from 勝

Pronunciation 2

  • Mandarin
    (Standard)
    (Pinyin): shèng (sheng4)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄥˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): шын (šɨn, I)
  • Cantonese (Jyutping): sing3
  • Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sṳn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): sen4
  • Min Bei (KCR): se̿ng
  • Min Dong (BUC): séng
  • Min Nan
    (Hokkien, POJ): sèng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng3
  • Wu (Wiktionary): sen (T2)
  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: shèng
      • Zhuyin: ㄕㄥˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: shèng
      • Wade–Giles: shêng4
      • Yale: shèng
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenq
      • Palladius: шэн (šɛn)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
    • (Dungan)
      • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: шын (šɨn, I)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ʂəŋ²⁴/
      (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: sing3
      • Yale: sing
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sing3
      • Guangdong Romanization: xing3
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɪŋ³³/
  • Hakka
    • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
      • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳn
      • Hakka Romanization System: siin
      • Hagfa Pinyim: sin4
      • Sinological IPA: /sɨn⁵⁵/
    • (Meixian)
      • Guangdong: sen4
      • Sinological IPA: /sən⁵³/
  • Min Bei
    • (Jian'ou)
      • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: se̿ng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /seiŋ³³/
  • Min Dong
    • (Fuzhou)
      • Bàng-uâ-cê: séng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /sɛiŋ²¹³/
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sèng
      • Tâi-lô: sìng
      • Phofsit Daibuun: sexng
      • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiɪŋ²¹/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiɪŋ⁴¹/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiɪŋ²¹/
      • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiɪŋ¹¹/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiɪŋ²¹/
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: sêng3
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sèng
      • Sinological IPA (key): /seŋ²¹³/
  • Wu
    • (Shanghainese)
      • Wiktionary: sen (T2)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /səɲ³⁴/
  • Middle Chinese: /ɕɨŋH/
Rime
Character勝
Reading #2/2
Initial (聲)書 (26)
Final (韻)蒸 (133)
Tone (調)Departing (H)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)III
Fanqie詩證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/ɕɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		/ɕɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		/ɕieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/ɕiŋH/
Li
Rong		/ɕiəŋH/
Wang
Li		/ɕĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		/ɕi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		shèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		sing3
  • Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥əŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljɯŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character勝
Reading #2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		shèng
Middle
Chinese		‹ syingH ›
Old
Chinese		/*l̥əŋ-s/
Englishovercome; surpass

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character勝
Reading #2/2
No.17128
Phonetic
component		朕
Rime
group		蒸
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		勝
Old
Chinese		/*hljɯŋs/

Definitions

勝

  1. to defeat; to win; to succeed; to be victorious
    Synonym: 贏／赢 (yíng)
    Antonym: 敗／败 (bài)
    知可以戰與不可以戰者勝 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
    知可以战与不可以战者胜 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE, translation: Lionel Giles, modified
    zhī kě yǐ zhàn yǔ bù kě yǐ zhàn zhě shèng [Pinyin]
    He will triumph who knows when to fight and when not to fight.
  2. victory; success; triumph
  3. to surpass; to prevail over; to outdo
  4. to spread; to be popular; to be employed
  5. to restrain; to check; to subdue; to bring under control
  6. annihilated; destroyed; fallen (of nation or dynasty)
  7. to bully; to place oneself over; to coerce; to subjugate
  8. wonderful; excellent; outstanding
  9. famed; of superior quality
  10. scenic spots and historical sites; scenic attraction
  11. (historical) a kind of splendid jewellery worn by ancient women
  12. (historical) axle on a loom which holds the warp

Compounds

Derived terms from 勝

Japanese

Shinjitai勝
Kyūjitai
[1]
勝󠄁
勝+&#xE0101;?
(Adobe-Japan1)
勝󠄃
勝+&#xE0103;?
(Hanyo-Denshi)
(Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
See here for details.

Kanji

勝

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. (win a game): かつ, かち
  2. (be superior to): まさる

Readings

  • Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かつ (katsu, 勝つ, Jōyō); かち (kachi, 勝ち); すぐれる (sugureru, 勝れる); たえる (taeru, 勝える); たう (tau, 勝う); まさる (masaru, 勝る, Jōyō); あげて (agete, 勝げて)
  • Nanori: かち (kachi); かつ (katsu); すぐる (suguru); すぐれ (sugure); すぐろ (suguro); とう (tō); のり (nori); まさ (masa); まさる (masaru); ます (masu); よし (yoshi)

Compounds

  • 勝(かち)気(き) (kachiki)
  • 勝(かち)鬨(どき) (kachidoki)
  • 勝(か)ちを千(せん)里(り)の外(ほか)に決(けっ)す (kachi o senri no hoka ni kessu)
  • 殘(ざん)に勝(か)ち殺(さつ)を去(さ)るべし (zan ni kachi satsu o saru beshi)
  • 勝(かち)引(びき) (kachibiki)
  • 勝(かっ)手(て) (katte)
  • 勝(しょう)因(いん) (shōin)
  • 勝(しょう)会(かい) (shōkai)
  • 勝(しょう)軍(ぐん) (shōgun)
  • 勝(しょう)景(けい) (shōkei)
  • 勝(しょう)国(こく) (shōkoku)
  • 勝(しょう)算(さん) (shōsan)
  • 勝(しょう)事(じ) (shōji)
  • 勝(しょう)状(じょう) (shōjō)
  • 勝(しょう)迹(せき) (shōseki)
  • 勝(しょう)絶(ぜつ) (shōzetsu)
  • 勝(しょう)戦(せん) (shōsen)
  • 勝(しょう)訴(そ) (shōso)
  • 勝(しょう)地(ち) (shōchi)
  • 勝(しょう)致(ち) (shōchi)
  • 勝(しょう)敗(はい) (shōhai)
  • 勝(しょう)負(ぶ) (shōbu)
  • 勝(しょう)兵(へい) (shōhei)
  • 勝(しょう)友(ゆう) (shōyū)
  • 勝(しょう)遊(ゆう) (shōyū)
  • 勝(しょう)利(り) (shōri)
  • 勝(しょう)流(りゅう) (shōryū)
  • 勝(しょう)麗(れい) (shōrei)
  • 大(たい)勝(しょう) (taishō)
  • 名(めい)勝(しょう) (meishō)
  • 優(ゆう)勝(しょう) (yūshō)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
勝
しょう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

Noun

勝(しょう) • (shō) 

  1. win, victory

Counter

勝(しょう) • (-shō) 

  1. wins, victories
    Antonym: 敗

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
勝
まさ(る)
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

Proper noun

勝(まさる) • (Masaru) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. “勝”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎ (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

Korean

Hanja

勝 (eumhun 이길 승 (igil seung))

  1. Hanja form? of 승 (“to win, to beat”).

Kunigami

Kanji

勝

Readings

  • Kun: まさーるん (勝ーるん, masārun)

Miyako

Kanji

勝

Readings

  • Kun: まさーㇲ゙ (勝ーㇲ゙, masāz)

Okinawan

Kanji

勝

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

  • On: すー (sū)
  • Kun: まさゆん (masayun, 勝ゆん); かちゅん (kachun, 勝ちゅん)

Vietnamese

Han character

勝: Hán Nôm readings: thắng

  1. to win, to defeat, to be victorious

Yaeyama

Kanji

勝

Readings

  • Kun: まさるん (勝るん, masarun)
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