件

See also: 仵, 仟, 任, and 伴

件	U+4EF6, 件 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EF6

← 仵
[U+4EF5]

CJK Unified Ideographs

价 →
[U+4EF7]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

件 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 人竹手 (OHQ), four-corner 2520₀, composition ⿰亻牛)

Derived characters

𠲟, 𣴓, 𤞗, 𪁃, 𪜓, 𡋚

References

KangXi: page 94, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 410
Dae Jaweon: page 200, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 122, character 3
Unihan data for U+4EF6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 件

Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)

Small seal script

**Small seal script**
s05909

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Ideogrammic compound (會意) : 人 (“man”) + 牛 (“cow”).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		件

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
(Chengdu, SP): jian⁴
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): gin⁶
(Taishan, Wiktionary): gen⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): qien⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khien / khian
(Meixian, Guangdong): kian⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): jie³
Min Bei (KCR): gīng
Min Dong (BUC): giông
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): kiāⁿ / kiǎⁿ / kiān / kiǎn
(Teochew, Peng'im): gian⁶
Wu (Wiktionary): ji (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): jienn⁴ / jienn⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
  - Wade–Giles: chien⁴
  - Yale: jyàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
  - Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: jian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiɛn²¹³/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin⁶
  - Yale: gihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: gen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ken³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qien⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiɛn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khien
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khian
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰian⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: jie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyɔŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiāⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiānn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvia
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiã³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiã²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǎⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kiǎnn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiã²²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiān
  - Tâi-lô: kiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kien
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiǎn
  - Tâi-lô: kiǎn
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn²²/

Note:

kiāⁿ/kiǎⁿ - vernacular;
kiān/kiǎn - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gian⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiăⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩã³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ji (T2)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁴/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: jienn⁴ / jienn⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiẽ⁴⁵/, /t͡ɕiẽ²¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 件
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕian⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕian⁵³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕiã²¹/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕiã⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕian³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡ɕiã²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕiɛ̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕiɛn³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕian¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕian²¹³/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕiɛ̃²¹²/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕien⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕiĩ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕie̞³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕie⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/d͡ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/d͡ʑiɪ³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ʑiẽ̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡ʑi³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕie³⁵/ 一～衣裳 /t͡ɕʰie³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰiɛ²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕiẽ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕiẽ¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡ʑiẽ²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰiɛn²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰian⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰien⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kin²²/
	Nanning	/kin²²/
	Hong Kong	/kin²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kian²²/ /kiã²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kyɔŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kiŋ⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kiã³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/kin³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiᴇn^X/

Rime
Character	件
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	仙 (79)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	其輦切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiᴇn^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚiɛn^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiæn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gian^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjɛn^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭɛn^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ɛn^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡranʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	件
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ gjen^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]r[a][n]ʔ/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English	item
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	件
Reading #	1/1
No.	6183
Phonetic component	件
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	件
Old Chinese	/*ɡranʔ/
Notes	見漢印

Definitions

件

(literary) to separate; to distinguish
item; component
部件 ― bùjiàn ― parts, components
零件 ― língjiàn ― part, component
備件／备件 ― bèijiàn ― spare part
軟件／软件 ― ruǎnjiàn ― software
document; letter
文件 ― wénjiàn ― document, file
郵件／邮件 ― yóujiàn ― mail
信件 ― xìnjiàn ― letter
證件／证件 ― zhèngjiàn ― certificate, document, ID
Classifier for things which can be numerically counted, such as pieces of luggage, clothes, events: piece
一件東西／一件东西 ― yī jiàn dōngxi ― a thing
一件嘢 [Cantonese] ― jat¹ gin⁶ je⁵ [Jyutping] ― a thing
一件襯衫／一件衬衫 ― yī jiàn chènshān ― a shirt
a surname

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 件 (“(classifier for clothes)”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		件
Mandarin	Beijing	件兒
	Taiwan	件
	Jinan	件
	Xi'an	件兒
	Wuhan	件
	Chengdu	件
	Yangzhou	件
	Hefei	件
Cantonese	Guangzhou	件
	Hong Kong	件
	Yangjiang	件
Gan	Nanchang	件
Hakka	Meixian	件
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	領
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	領
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	領
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	領
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	領
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	領
Jin	Taiyuan	件
Min Bei	Jian'ou	件
Min Dong	Fuzhou	件
Min Nan	Xiamen	領
	Quanzhou	領
	Zhangzhou	領
	Tainan	領
	Chaozhou	件
Wu	Suzhou	件
Wu	Wenzhou	件
Xiang	Changsha	件
Xiang	Shuangfeng	隻

Compounds

Derived terms from 件

七件事
三大件 (sāndàjiàn)
事件 (shìjiàn)
件件 (jiànjiàn)
件工
件色
低物件
作件
信件 (xìnjiàn)
元件 (yuánjiàn)
函件 (hánjiàn)
原件 (yuánjiàn)
古巴事件
名件
器件
大件
宗宗件件
密件 (mìjiàn)
工件 (gōngjiàn)
急件 (jíjiàn)
意外事件
批件 (pījiàn)
抄件 (chāojiàn)
收件 (shōujiàn)
收件人 (shōujiànrén)
收件匣 (shōujiànxiá)
散件
文件 (wénjiàn)
料件子
新三大件

新四大件
是件
最速件
桃色案件
案件 (ànjiàn)
物件 (wùjiàn)
皮件
稿件 (gǎojiàn)
老三大件
老四大件
表件
要件 (yàojiàn)
退件
部件 (bùjiàn)
配件 (pèijiàn)
附件 (fùjiàn)
零件 (língjiàn)
零部件 (língbùjiàn)
零配件
什件兒／什件儿
件數／件数 (jiànshù)
佩件兒／佩件儿
來件／来件
備件／备件 (bèijiàn)
先決條件／先决条件 (xiānjué tiáojiàn)
光電元件／光电元件
勞動條件／劳动条件 (láodòng tiáojiàn)
工作條件／工作条件 (gōngzuò tiáojiàn)
廣告函件／广告函件
必要條件／必要条件 (bìyào tiáojiàn)

文件旅遊／文件旅游
條件／条件 (tiáojiàn)
條件刺激／条件刺激
條件反射／条件反射 (tiáojiàn fǎnshè)
條件句／条件句
機件／机件 (jījiàn)
機密文件／机密文件
無條件／无条件 (wútiáojiàn)
物件導向／物件导向
組件／组件 (zǔjiàn)
網路信件／网路信件 (wǎnglù xìnjiàn)
網路套件／网路套件
表記物件／表记物件
製件／制件
計件工資／计件工资 (jìjiàn gōngzī)
語音郵件／语音邮件 (yǔyīn yóujiàn)
論件計酬／论件计酬 (lùn jiàn jìchóu)
證件／证件 (zhèngjiàn)
證明文件／证明文件
軟件／软件 (ruǎnjiàn)
郵件／邮件 (yóujiàn)
鑄件／铸件 (zhùjiàn)
零組件／零组件 (língzǔjiàn)
電子信件／电子信件
電子文件／电子文件
電子郵件／电子邮件 (diànzǐ yóujiàn)
霧社事件／雾社事件 (Wùshè Shìjiàn)
非訟事件／非讼事件 (fēisòng shìjiàn)
頭頭件件／头头件件

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 件 – see 侔 (“to match; to equal; matching; equal; etc.”). (This character, 件, is a variant form of 侔.)

Japanese

Kanji

件

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Go-on: げん (gen)
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
Kun: くだり (kudari, 件); くだん (kudan, 件)

Compounds

案(あん)件(けん) (anken)
一(いっ)件(けん) (ikken)
課(か)税(ぜい)物(ぶっ)件(けん) (kazei bukken)
感(かん)覚(かく)与(よ)件(けん) (kankaku yoken)
機(き)能(のう)的(てき)要(よう)件(けん) (kinōteki yōken)
件(けん)件(けん) (kenken)
件(けん)数(すう) (kensū)
件(けん)名(めい) (kenmei)
後(こう)件(けん) (kōken)
構(こう)成(せい)要(よう)件(けん) (kōsei yōken)
雑(ざっ)件(けん) (zakken)
消(しょう)極(きょく)的(てき)訴(そ)訟(しょう)要(よう)件(けん) (shōkyokuteki soshō yōken)
証(しょう)拠(こ)物(ぶっ)件(けん) (shōko bukken)
事(じ)件(けん) (jiken)
条(じょう)件(けん) (jōken)
上(じょう)件(けん) (jōken)
人(じん)件(けん) (jinken)
人(じん)件(けん)費(ひ) (jinkenhi)
前(ぜん)件(けん) (zenken)
訴(そ)件(けん) (soken)
訴(そ)訟(しょう)要(よう)件(けん) (soshō yōken)
尊(そん)号(ごう)一(いっ)件(けん) (songō ikken)
大(たい)君(くん)一(いっ)件(けん) (taikun ikken)
対(たい)抗(こう)要(よう)件(けん) (taikō yōken)
手(て)形(がた)要(よう)件(けん) (tegata yōken)
難(なん)件(けん) (nanken)
物(ぶっ)件(けん) (bukken)
物(ぶっ)件(けん)費(ひ) (bukkenhi)
別(べっ)件(けん) (bekken)
別(べっ)件(けん)逮(たい)捕(ほ) (bekken taiho)
法(ほう)律(りつ)要(よう)件(けん) (hōritsu yōken)
本(ほん)件(けん) (honken)
柳(やな)川(がわ)一(いっ)件(けん) (yanagawa ikken)
用(よう)件(けん) (yōken)
要(よう)件(けん) (yōken)
与(よ)件(けん) (yoken)
立(りっ)件(けん) (rikken)

Noun

件(けん) • (ken)

case
matter
subject
肉(にく)の件(けん)
niku no ken
about the meat; on the subject of meat
(informal, always modified with a verb phrase) incident; happening
買(か)ってしまった件(けん)
katteshimatta ken
how I accidentally bought it
知(し)らない間(あいだ)に増(ふ)えてる件(けん)
shiranai aida ni fueteru ken
how it's been increasing and I didn't know

Noun

件(くだん) • (kudan)

example
precedent
件(くだん)の
kudan no
the ... in question; the said ...
件(くだん)の人(ひと)
kudan no hito
the person in question; the said person
kudan; half-human, half-ox mythical creature

Noun

件(くだり) • (kudari)

clause, passage, paragraph
precedent

Korean

Hanja

件 (eumhun 물건 건 (mulgeon geon))

Hanja form^? of 건 (“case”).
Hanja form^? of 건 (“matter”).
Hanja form^? of 건 (“subject”).
Hanja form^? of 건 (“example”).
Hanja form^? of 건 (“precedent”).

Vietnamese

Han character

件: Hán Nôm readings: kiện, kịn, kẹn

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation