交趾

交趾

Chinese

		to deliver; to turn over; to make friends to deliver; to turn over; to make friends; to intersect (lines); to pay (money)	toe; foot
simp. and trad. (交趾)		交	趾
alternative forms		交阯 交址

Etymology

Traditionally said to have been a placename from the time of the sage-king Yao. In fact, an early form of the name Giao Chỉ seems to have been used by the native states for the area around the Red River delta prior to the Chinese conquest.

Ferlus (2009) hypothesizes that the first syllable, 交 (OC *kreːw), originated from the etymon *k.raːw, whence also 獠 (lǎo, “general term for ethnic groups in southwestern China”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Jiāozhǐ

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄓˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹ zi²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāozhǐ
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄓˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Jiaojhǐh
    • Wade–Giles: Chiao¹-chih³
    • Yale: Jyāu-jř
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Jiaujyy
    • Palladius: Цзяочжи (Czjaočži)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)
    • Jyutping: gaau¹ zi²
    • Yale: gāau jí
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹ dzi²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹ ji²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 膠子／胶子 膠紙／胶纸

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• Middle Chinese: /kˠau  t͡ɕɨ^X/

Rime
Character	交	趾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	古肴切	諸市切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/	/t͡ɕɨX/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/	/t͡ɕɨX/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/	/t͡ɕieX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/	/cɨX/
Li Rong	/kau/	/t͡ɕiəX/
Wang Li	/kau/	/t͡ɕĭəX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kau/	/t͡ɕiX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo	zhǐ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau1	zi2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤraw  təʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːw  kjɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	交	趾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāo	zhǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ kæw ›	‹ tsyiX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁraw/	/*təʔ/
English	cross (v.)	foot, heel, toe
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	交	趾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6296	17298
Phonetic component	交	止
Rime group	宵	之
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	交	止
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/	/*kjɯʔ/
Notes		趾轉註字

Proper noun

交趾

1. (～郡) (historical) Jiaozhi (the ancient Chinese commandery in northern Vietnam first established under the Han dynasty)
2. (historical) Jiaozhi (a generic term for the lands south of the Five Ridges (Dayu, Qitian, Dupang, Mengzhu, and Yuecheng) in Liangguang, essentially comprising North Vietnam)

Derived terms

交趾支那 (Jiāozhǐ-Zhīnà, “Cochin China”)

交趾陶

See also

• 交州 (Jiāozhōu)

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Vietnamese

Proper noun

交趾

1. chữ Hán form of Giao Chỉ.