一月

一月

Chinese

		one; single; a one; single; a; (before verbs) as soon as, once; (before a noun) entire (family, etc.)	moon; month
simp. and trad. (一月)		一	月

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yīyuè

  (Zhuyin): ㄧ ㄩㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): yi² yue²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jat¹ jyut⁶

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): yit-ngie̍t / yit-ngia̍t

  (Meixian, Guangdong): yid⁵ ngiad⁶

• Min Nan (POJ): it--ge̍h / it--goe̍h
• Wu (Wiktionary): iq hhyq (T4)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yīyuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yiyuè
    • Wade–Giles: i¹-yüeh⁴
    • Yale: yī-ywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: iyueh
    • Palladius: июэ (ijue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵⁵ ɥɛ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yi² yue²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iye
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹ ye²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: jat¹ jyut⁶
    • Yale: yāt yuht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jat⁷ jyt⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: yed¹ yud⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐt̚⁵ jyːt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngie̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: id` ngied
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yid<sup>5</sup> ngiad<sup>6</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /it̚² ɲi̯et̚⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yit-ngia̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)id` ngiad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yid⁵ ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)it̚² ɲi̯at̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: yid⁵ ngiad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /it̚¹ ɲiat̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it--ge̍h
    • Tâi-lô: it--ge̍h
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it--goe̍h
    • Tâi-lô: it--gue̍h
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: iq hhyq (T4)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i̯ɪʔ³³ ɦɥ̯ɪʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /ʔiɪt̚  ŋʉɐt̚/

Rime
Character	一	月
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	眞 (48)	元 (68)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於悉切	魚厥切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪt̚/	/ŋʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔit̚/	/ŋʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔjet̚/	/ŋiuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔit̚/	/ŋuat̚/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕt̚/	/ŋiuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ĭĕt̚/	/ŋĭwɐt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯ĕt̚/	/ŋi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yi	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jat1	jyut6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔi[t]  [ŋ]ʷat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qliɡ  ŋod/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	一	月
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yī	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjit ›	‹ ngjwot ›
Old Chinese	/*ʔi[t]/	/*[ŋ]ʷat/
English	one	moon, month
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	一	月
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14833	16319
Phonetic component	一	月
Rime group	質	月
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	一	月
Old Chinese	/*qliɡ/	/*ŋod/

Noun

一月

1. January
2. first month of the Chinese lunar calendar

Synonyms

• (solar month): 元月 (Yuányuè)
• (lunar month, common): 正月 (zhēngyuè), 元月 (Yuányuè)
• (lunar month, archaic): 端月 (duānyuè), 初月, 嘉月, 開歲／开岁, 新正 (xīnzhēng), 隅月, 孟月 (mèngyuè), 始春, 元春, 陬月 (Zōuyuè)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (一月):

• → Japanese: 一月(いちげつ) (ichigetsu)
• → Korean: 일월(一月) (irwol)

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Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
一	月
いち Grade: 1	がつ Grade: 1
goon

Alternative spelling
1月

From 一 (ichi, “one”) +‎ 月 (-gatsu, “month”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いちがつ​ [ìchígátsúꜜ] (Odaka – [4])[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɡa̠t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

一(いち)月(がつ) • (ichigatsu) 

1. January
2. (archaic) the first month of the lunar calendar

   Synonym: 睦月 (mutsuki)

3. one month

Derived terms

• 一(いち)月(がつ)寺(じ) (Ichigatsu-ji)
• 一(いち)月(がつ)場(ば)所(しょ) (ichigatsu basho)
• 一(いち)月(がつ)蜂(ほう)起(き) (Ichigatsu Hōki)

See also

• (Gregorian calendar months) 一(いち)月(がつ) (ichigatsu), 二(に)月(がつ) (nigatsu), 三(さん)月(がつ) (sangatsu), 四(し)月(がつ) (shigatsu), 五(ご)月(がつ) (gogatsu), 六(ろく)月(がつ) (rokugatsu), 七(しち)月(がつ) (shichigatsu), 八(はち)月(がつ) (hachigatsu), 九(く)月(がつ) (kugatsu), 十(じゅう)月(がつ) (jūgatsu), 十(じゅう)一(いち)月(がつ) (jūichigatsu), 十(じゅう)二(に)月(がつ) (jūnigatsu) ^{(Category: ja:Gregorian calendar months)}
• 正(しょう)月(がつ) (shōgatsu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
一	月
いち Grade: 1	げつ Grade: 1
goon	kan’on

Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 一 (ichi, “one”, 呉音 (goon, literally “Wu-sound”) reading) +‎ 月 (getsu, “moon, month”, 漢音 (kan'on, literally “Han-sound”) reading).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いちげ​つ [ìchígéꜜtsù] (Nakadaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɡe̞t͡sɨᵝ]

Noun

一(いち)月(げつ) • (ichigetsu) 

1. (archaic) the first month of the lunar calendar
2. one month
3. a full moon

Derived terms

• 一(いち)月(げつ)三(さん)舟(しゅう) (ichigetsu sanshū)

Proverbs

• 一(いち)月(げつ)往(い)ぬる二(に)月(げつ)逃(に)げる三(さん)月(げつ)去(さ)る (ichigetsu inuru nigetsu nigeru sangetsu saru)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
一	月
ひと Grade: 1	つき Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Possibly from Old Japanese.

Compound of 一 (hito, “one”) +‎ 月 (tsuki, “month”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ひと​つき [hìtóꜜtsùkì] (Nakadaka – [2])[2]
• IPA^(key): [çi̥to̞t͡sɨ̥ᵝkʲi]

Noun

一(ひと)月(つき) • (hitotsuki) 

1. one month

Coordinate terms

Japanese number-counter combinations for 月(つき) (tsuki)
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	How many?
一(ひと)月(つき) (hitotsuki)	二(ふた)月(つき) (futatsuki)	三(み)月(つき) (mitsuki)	四(よ)月(つき) (yotsuki)	五(いつ)月(つき) (itsutsuki)	六(む)月(つき) (mutsuki)	七(なな)月(つき) (nanatsuki)	八(や)月(つき) (yatsuki)	九(ここの)月(つき) (kokonotsuki)	十(と)月(つき) (totsuki)	何(なん)月(つき) (nantsuki)

See also

• 一(いっ)ヶ月(げつ) (ikkagetsu, “(for) one month”)

References

1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

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Korean

Hanja in this term
一	月

Noun

一月 • (irwol) (hangeul 일월)

1. Hanja form^? of 일월.

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Okinawan

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
一	月
いち Grade: 1	ぐゎち Grade: 1
on’yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 一月 (ichigatsu).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) いちぐゎち [ìchígwáchí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiɡʷat͡ɕi̻]

Noun

一月 (hiragana いちぐゎち, rōmaji ichigwachi, historical hiragana いちぐゎつぃ)

1. January
2. the first month of the lunar calendar

See also

• 正 (そう)月 (ぐゎち) (sōgwachi)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
一	月
ちゅ Grade: 1	ちち Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Cognate with mainland Japanese 一月 (hitotsuki).

Pronunciation

• (Shuri-Naha) ちゅちち [chùchíchí] (Heiban - [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕut͡ɕi̻t͡ɕi]

Noun

一月 (hiragana ちゅちち, rōmaji chuchichi, historical hiragana ちゅつぃち)

1. one month

Derived terms

• 一 (ちゅ)月 (ちち)越 (ぐ)し (chuchichigushi)

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Old Japanese

Etymology

From 一 (pi₁to₂, “one”) +‎ 月 (tuki₂, “month”).

Noun

一月 (pi₁to₂tuki₂) (kana ひとつき)

1. one month
   • 720, Nihon Shoki (Emperor Keitai, twenty-fourth year of reign [c. 530 CE], ninth month in autumn)

     於_レ是二國、圖_レ度_二便地_一、淹畱弦晦、築_レ城而還、號曰_二久禮牟羅城_一。

     Thus the two countries [Baekje and Silla] measured out a piece of ground, settling for a month. They built a castle, named it Kuremura-nö-Sasi, and returned home.

Descendants

• Japanese: 一月 (hitotsuki)