びる
Japanese
Etymology 1
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE.[1]
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Needs reference to older form ぶ, likely connection to む, and possibly even 見る”)
Suffix
びる • (biru) ichidan (stem び (bi), past びた (bita))
- (non-productive) to act like (something); to act (in a certain manner)
- 古い (furui, “old”) → 古びる (furubiru, “to become old”)
- 大人 (otona, “adult”) → 大人びる (otonabiru, “to act like an adult”)
Usage notes
- Some verbs with this suffix irregularly evolved to godan verbs.
- 真似 (mana, “imitation”, ancient bound form) → 学ぶ (manabu, “to learn”)
Conjugation
Conjugation of "びる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | び | bi | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | び | bi | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | びる | biru | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | びる | biru | ||
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | びれ | bire | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | びよ¹ びろ² | biyo¹ biro² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | びられる | birareru | ||
| Causative | びさせる びさす | bisaseru bisasu | ||
| Potential | びられる びれる³ | birareru bireru³ | ||
| Volitional | びよう | biyō | ||
| Negative | びない びぬ びん | binai binu bin | ||
| Negative continuative | びず | bizu | ||
| Formal | びます | bimasu | ||
| Perfective | びた | bita | ||
| Conjunctive | びて | bite | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | びれば | bireba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "ぶ" (バ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | び | bi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | び | bi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | ぶ | bu | |
| Attributive (連体形) | ぶる | buru | |
| Realis (已然形) | ぶれ | bure | |
| Imperative (命令形) | びよ | biyo | |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | びず | bizu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | ぶれど | buredo | |
| Causal conjunction | ぶれば | bureba | |
| Conditional conjunction | びば | biba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | びき | biki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | びけり | bikeri | |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | びつ | bitu | |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | びぬ | binu | |
| Perfect-continuative tense | びたり | bitari | |
| Volitional | びむ | bimu | |
References
- “びる”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
Etymology 2
| For pronunciation and definitions of びる – see ビル. (This term, びる, is an alternative spelling of the above terms.) |
(The following entry is uncreated: ビル.)