なか
Japanese
Etymology 1
Alternative spellings |
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中 仲 |
From Old Japanese. First cited to the Kojiki of 712 CE.[1]
From Proto-Japonic *naka. By surface analysis, ⟨na⟩ (indicating being inside, not found in isolation) + ⟨ka⟩ (a place (e.g. ありか (arika, “a place where something is, whereabouts”, from ある (aru, “to exist”) + 処 (ka, “place”), literally “existing place”), compare 所 (tokoro, “place”, see etymology for details))).[2][3][4]
The relationship sense was first attested in the Kokin Wakashū, around 905-914 CE, possibly from the sense of being a group of objects/people around a certain area.[1]
Might be related to Korean 안 (an, “inside”).[5]
Pronunciation
- (Tokyo) なか [náꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])[6][7]
- IPA(key): [na̠ka̠]
Noun
なか • (naka) ←なか (naka)?
- 中: inside
- 箱の中には何もありません。
- Hako no naka ni wa nani mo arimasen.
- There is nothing in the box.
- 箱の中には何もありません。
- 中: middle
- 中: among (a group or mass)
- この中に人狼がいます。
- Kono naka ni jinrō ga imasu.
- There is a werewolf among us / these people.
- この中に人狼がいます。
- 中: during (time)
- 暑い中お疲れ様です。
- Atsui naka o-tsukare-sama desu.
- Thank you for your cooperation in these hot times.
- 猛暑の中
- mōsho no naka
- in the extreme heat
- 暑い中お疲れ様です。
- 仲: relationship, terms
Derived terms
Derived terms
- お腹 (onaka)
- 中今 (nakaima, “the present, as a privileged moment in eternity”)
- 仲がいい (naka ga ii), 仲が良い (naka ga yoi)
- 仲に入る (naka ni hairu)
- 仲働き (nakabataraki)
- 仲直り (nakanaori)
- 仲間 (nakama)
- 仲睦まじい (nakamutsumajii)
- 仲立ち (nakadachi)
- 仲良く (nakayoku)
- 仲良し (nakayoshi)
- 仲違い (nakatagai)
- 仲人 (nakōdo)
- 熱い仲 (atsuinaka)
- 恋仲 (koinaka)
- 不仲 (funaka)
- 夫婦仲 (fūfunaka)
Proper noun
なか • (Naka)
- 仲: a surname
See also
- Appendix:Gikun Usage in Meiji Version of Japanese Bible/中央
Etymology 2
Alternative spelling |
---|
無か |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [na̠ka̠]
Adjective
なか • (naka) †-ka
- Ka-ending dialect form of ない (nai)
- 佐賀はなんもなか
- Saga wa nan mo naka
- there's nothing (of worth) in Saga (local folk saying)
- 佐賀はなんもなか
References
- “中・仲”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, →ISBN
- 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- Alexander Vovin (2014), “Out of Southern China?”, in Academia.edu
- Martin, Samuel E. (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
- John Whitman (2012), “The relationship between Japanese and Korean”, in ResearchGate
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN