ὑμεῖς

ὑμεῖς

Ancient Greek

second person pronoun ^(edit)

case	singular		dual	plural
	str.	encl.	str.	str.
nominative	σύ		σφώ, σφῶϊ	ῡ̔μεῖς
genitive	σοῦ	σου	σφῷν	ῡ̔μῶν
dative	σοί	σοι	σφῷν	ῡ̔μῖν
accusative	σέ	σε	σφώ, σφῶϊ	ῡ̔μᾶς
adjective	σός			ῡ̔μέτερος

Alternative forms

• ῠ̓́μμες (úmmes) – Epic, Aeolic
• ῡ̔μές (hūmés), ῡ̔μέν (hūmén) – Doric
• οὐμές (oumés) – Boeotian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European oblique stem *usm- (from *túh₂), with regular rough breathing ῾ (h) before initial υ (u).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /hyː.mêːs/ → /yˈmis/ → /iˈmis/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /hyː.mêːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /(h)yˈmis/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /yˈmis/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /yˈmis/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /iˈmis/

Pronoun

ῡ̔μεῖς • (hūmeîs)

1. second person plural personal pronoun: ye, you, y'all, you guys

Usage notes

The singular and dual are σύ (sú) and σφώ (sphṓ).

Inflection

Irregular declension of ῡ̔μεῖς; ῡ̔μῶν (Attic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	ῡ̔μεῖς hūmeîs
Genitive	ῡ̔μῶν hūmôn
Dative	ῡ̔μῖν hūmîn
Accusative	ῡ̔μᾶς hūmâs
Vocative	ῡ̔μεῖς hūmeîs
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Irregular declension of ῡ̔μεῖς; ῡ̔μείων (Epic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	ῡ̔μεῖς / ῠ̓́μμες hūmeîs / úmmes
Genitive	ῡ̔μείων / ῡ̔μέων hūmeíōn / hūméōn
Dative	ῡ̔μῖν / ῠ̓́μμῐ / ῠ̓́μμῐν hūmîn / úmmi(n)
Accusative	ῡ̔μέᾰς / ῠ̓́μμε hūméas / úmme
Vocative	ῡ̔μεῖς / ῠ̓́μμες hūmeîs / úmmes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of ῡ̔μεῖς; ῡ̔μέων (Ionic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	ῡ̔μεῖς hūmeîs
Genitive	ῡ̔μέων hūméōn
Dative	ῡ̔μῖν / ὗμῐν† hūmîn / hûmin†
Accusative	ῡ̔μέᾰς / ῡ̔́μεᾰς† hūméas / hū́meas†
Vocative	ῡ̔μεῖς hūmeîs
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. †enclitic

Irregular declension of ῡ̔μές; ῡ̔μέων (Doric)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	ῡ̔μές / ῡ̔μέν hūmés / hūmén
Genitive	ῡ̔μέων / ῡ̔μῶν hūméōn / hūmôn
Dative	ῡ̔μῐ́ν / ὗμῐν† hūmín / hûmin†
Accusative	ῡ̔μέ hūmé
Vocative	ῡ̔μές / ῡ̔μέν hūmés / hūmén
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution. †enclitic

Irregular declension of ῠ̓́μμες; ῠ̓μμέων (Aeolic)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	ῠ̓́μμες úmmes
Genitive	ῠ̓μμέων umméōn
Dative	ῠ̓́μμῐ / ῠ̓́μμῐν úmmi(n)
Accusative	ῠ̓́μμε úmme
Vocative	ῠ̓́μμες úmmes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Irregular declension of οὐμές; οὐμίων (Boeotian)

Case / #	Plural
Nominative	οὐμές oumés
Genitive	οὐμίων oumíōn
Dative	οὐμίν oumín
Accusative	οὐμέ oumé
Vocative	οὐμές oumés
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Related terms

• ῡ̔μός (hūmós), ῡ̔μέτερος (hūméteros, “second person plural possessive pronoun”)

Descendants

• Tsakonian: εμού (emoú)

References

• “σύ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ὑμεῖς”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• ὑμεῖς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• ὑμεῖς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G5210 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • fruit idem, page 347.
  • ye idem, page 995.
• Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920), “Part II: Inflection”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 325, 325 D
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN